Hebrew word · H7600
שַׁאֲנָן
sha'anan
secure
At ease, undisturbed, untroubled. It can be positive (secure, peaceful) or negative (complacent, careless, arrogantly at ease).
Appears 10 times in 10 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
adj
1) at ease, quiet, secure
1a) at ease, secure
1b) at ease, careless, wanton, arrogant
subst
2) security, pride, arrogance
2a) one at ease
2b) arrogance
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Isaiah 32:18
- Range of meaning
At ease, undisturbed, untroubled. It can be positive (secure, peaceful) or negative (complacent, careless, arrogantly at ease).
- Against the English
"Quiet" (KJV, WEB) can sound as if it means silence. The Hebrew means freedom from threat and worry. "Undisturbed" comes closer.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Negative uses: Isaiah 32:9, 11 ("women at ease"); Amos 6:1 ("woe to those at ease in Zion"); Zechariah 1:15 (nations "at ease"). Positive uses: Isaiah 33:20 (Jerusalem "a naveh at ease"); Jeremiah 30:10 (Jacob will be "quiet and at ease, and none shall make him afraid").
- Range of meaning
Quiet, undisturbed, secure. The word can be positive: Jerusalem as 'a quiet habitation' (Isaiah 33:20), a people dwelling securely (Jeremiah 30:10). More often it is negative: careless, smug, complacent people with no sense of danger or obligation (Isaiah 32:9, 11, 'women who are at ease'; Zechariah 1:15, 'nations at ease'; Psalm 123:4, 'the scorn of those at ease').
- Against the English
'At ease' (BSB, KJV, ESV, NASB) is accurate but soft, because 'at ease' in English is usually a good thing. NIV's 'complacent' brings out the fault. NLT's 'lounge in luxury' adds wealth, which comes from verses 4–6 rather than from this word.
- How it drifted
No real historical drift. The problem is that modern English 'at ease' sounds neutral or pleasant, so readers can miss that the word names a moral failure.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Isaiah 32:9–11 is the closest parallel. There the 'complacent' (šaʾănannôt) women are told to strip and mourn because the harvest will fail, which is the same pairing of ease and coming grief found in Amos. Psalm 123:4 pairs 'those at ease' with 'the proud'.
- Range of meaning
Quiet, undisturbed, living at ease, untroubled. The word itself is neutral. It means life without disturbance. When the disturbance is coming and people ignore it, the same ease turns into complacency and even arrogance (HALOT and BDB both give both the 'at ease/secure' sense and the 'complacent/arrogant' sense).
- Against the English
KJV/WEB/ESV/NASB have "at ease." BSB, ESV and NASB use "complacent" in one of the two lines. NIV has "so complacent." "At ease" keeps the neutral picture. "Complacent" spells out the judgment the context implies. Both are fair. "Complacent" loses the fact that the same word can describe a good condition, which matters for verse 18.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Good sense: Isaiah 33:20 (Jerusalem as "a quiet habitation"); Jeremiah 30:10 (Jacob "quiet and at ease" after rescue). Bad sense: Amos 6:1, "Woe to those who are at ease in Zion"; Zechariah 1:15, the nations "at ease"; Psalm 123:4, "the scorn of those at ease"; Isaiah 37:29 / 2 Kings 19:28, where the noun form describes Sennacherib's arrogant complacency.
Where it appears
2 Kings · 1
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2 Kings 19:28 וְשַׁאֲנַנְךָ֖ and arrogance your
Because your rage and arrogance against Me have reached My ears, I will put My hook in your nose and My bit in your mouth; I will send you back the way you came.’
Here: 'And your ease': the untroubled self-assurance of someone who believes nothing can touch him. Normally an adjective, here it is used as a noun with 'your'. The odd form has prompted the proposed reading 'your uproar' (see textual notes).
Job · 1
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Job 12:5 שַׁאֲנָ֑ן [one] at ease
The one at ease scorns misfortune as the fate of those whose feet are slipping.
Psalms · 1
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Psalm 123:4 הַשַּׁאֲנַנִּ֑ים <the> self-confident [people]
We have endured much scorn from the arrogant, much contempt from the proud.
Here: People who are safe, comfortable and untroubled, and who can therefore afford to sneer. The word describes their situation as much as their attitude, and it implies a gap in security between mocker and mocked.
Isaiah · 5
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Isaiah 32:9 שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת carefree
Stand up, you complacent women; listen to me. Give ear to my word, you overconfident daughters.
Here: "Living undisturbed." Here it has the bad sense of being untroubled when you should be troubled. The word comes back in verse 18 in a good sense, for the undisturbed rest God will give later.
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Isaiah 32:11 שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת O carefree [women]
Shudder, you ladies of leisure; tremble, you daughters of complacency. Strip yourselves bare and put sackcloth around your waists.
Here: Feminine plural, used as a form of address: 'you women at ease'. It describes a quiet, untroubled life. Here it is the false calm of people who take their comfort for granted.
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Isaiah 32:18 שַׁאֲנַנּֽוֹת׃ undisturbed
Then my people will dwell in a peaceful place, in safe and secure places of rest.
Here: "At ease," describing the resting places. It means free from any threat or disturbance. It is the exact word used twice of the complacent women in vv. 9 and 11. Their false ease becomes, after judgment, true ease.
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Isaiah 33:20 שַׁאֲנָ֗ן undisturbed
Look upon Zion, the city of our appointed feasts. Your eyes will see Jerusalem, a peaceful pasture, a tent that does not wander; its tent pegs will not be pulled up, nor will any of its cords be broken.
Here: Free from worry and threat. Elsewhere the word often describes false, complacent ease (Isa 32:9; Amos 6:1); here the security is real because God gives it.
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Isaiah 37:29 וְשַׁאֲנַנְךָ֖ and arrogance your
Because your rage and arrogance against Me have reached My ears, I will put My hook in your nose and My bit in your mouth; I will send you back the way you came.’
Here: 'And your easy self-assurance.' The word normally describes someone settled and untroubled. Used of the powerful, it means a careless arrogance that assumes nothing can touch them. Some read it instead as 'your uproar' (see variants).
Amos · 1
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Amos 6:1 הַשַּׁאֲנַנִּ֣ים the [people] at ease
Woe to those at ease in Zion and those secure on Mount Samaria, the distinguished ones of the foremost nation, to whom the house of Israel comes.
Here: 'The carefree ones'. Here it means people so comfortable they feel nothing can touch them, a security that has turned into complacency and indifference.
Zechariah · 1
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Zechariah 1:15 הַשַּֽׁאֲנַנִּ֑ים <the> at ease
but I am fiercely angry with the nations that are at ease. For I was a little angry, but they have added to the calamity.’
Here: 'At ease, undisturbed,' often with a tone of smug, careless security. It echoes the patrol's report in v.11 that 'the whole earth sits quiet and at rest' while Jerusalem lies in ruins.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.