Hebrew word · H7778
שֹׁעֵר
sho'er
gatekeeper
Built from sha'ar, "gate." A sho'er is someone who keeps a gate: a city gate guard (2 Samuel 18:26; 2 Kings 7:10) or, most often in Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah, a Levite guarding the sanctuary. The job carried authority and trust, and was close to a temple police force.
Appears 37 times in 37 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
gatekeeper, porter
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of 1 Chronicles 23:5
- Range of meaning
Built from sha'ar, "gate." A sho'er is someone who keeps a gate: a city gate guard (2 Samuel 18:26; 2 Kings 7:10) or, most often in Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah, a Levite guarding the sanctuary. Their duties were to stand watch at the entrances on all four sides, guard the storerooms and treasuries, keep the keys and open the doors each morning (1 Chronicles 9:17–27; 26:1–19). The job carried authority and trust, and was close to a temple police force.
- Against the English
BSB, YLT and most modern versions say "gatekeepers." WEB says "doorkeepers." KJV says "porters."
- How it drifted
In 1611 "porter" meant a gate- or doorkeeper (from Latin porta, "gate"). Today it mostly means someone who carries luggage. A reader of the KJV can now picture men hauling loads, which is close to the opposite of guarding a gate.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Used about 37 times, almost all in Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah. Ezra 2:42 and Nehemiah 7:45 list "the sons of the gatekeepers" apart from the Levites. In 1 Chronicles 9:26 the chief gatekeepers are "Levites" in a position of trust (Hebrew be'emunah). The Septuagint translates the word as pylōroi, "gate-wardens."
Where it appears
2 Samuel · 1
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2 Samuel 18:26 הַשֹּׁעֵ֔ר the gatekeeper
the watchman saw another man running, and he called out to the gatekeeper, “Look! Another man is running alone!” “This one also brings good news,” said the king.
2 Kings · 2
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2 Kings 7:10 שֹׁעֵ֣ר [the] gatekeeper of
So they went and called out to the gatekeepers of the city, saying, “We went to the Aramean camp and no one was there—not a trace—only tethered horses and donkeys, and the tents were intact.”
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2 Kings 7:11 הַשֹּֽׁעֲרִ֑ים the gatekeepers
The gatekeepers shouted the news, and it was reported to the king’s household.
1 Chronicles · 14
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1 Chronicles 9:17 וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִים֙ and the gatekeepers
These were the gatekeepers: Shallum, Akkub, Talmon, Ahiman, and their relatives. Shallum was their chief;
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1 Chronicles 9:18 הַשֹּׁ֣עֲרִ֔ים [were] the gatekeepers
he was previously stationed at the King’s Gate on the east side. These were the gatekeepers from the camp of the Levites.
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1 Chronicles 9:21 שֹׁעֵ֥ר [was] a gatekeeper of
Zechariah son of Meshelemiah was the gatekeeper at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.
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1 Chronicles 9:22 לְשֹׁעֲרִ֣ים to gatekeepers
The number of those chosen to be gatekeepers at the thresholds was 212. They were registered by genealogy in their villages. David and Samuel the seer had appointed them to their positions of trust.
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1 Chronicles 9:24 הַשֹּׁעֲרִ֑ים the gatekeepers
The gatekeepers were stationed on the four sides: east, west, north, and south.
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1 Chronicles 9:26 הַשֹּׁעֲרִ֔ים the gatekeepers
But the four chief gatekeepers, who were Levites, were entrusted with the rooms and the treasuries of the house of God.
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1 Chronicles 15:18 הַשֹּׁעֲרִֽים׃ the gatekeepers
and with them their brothers next in rank: Zechariah, Jaaziel, Shemiramoth, Jehiel, Unni, Eliab, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattithiah, Eliphelehu, Mikneiah, and the gatekeepers Obed-edom and Jeiel.
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1 Chronicles 15:23 שֹׁעֲרִ֖ים [were] gatekeepers
Berechiah and Elkanah were to be guardians of the ark.
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1 Chronicles 15:24 שֹׁעֲרִ֖ים [were] gatekeepers
Shebaniah, Joshaphat, Nethanel, Amasai, Zechariah, Benaiah, and Eliezer—the priests—were to blow the trumpets before the ark of God. Obed-edom and Jehiah were also to be guardians of the ark.
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1 Chronicles 16:38 לְשֹׁעֲרִֽים׃ to gatekeepers
along with Obed-edom and his sixty-eight relatives. Obed-edom son of Jeduthun, and also Hosah, were to be gatekeepers.
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1 Chronicles 23:5 שֹׁעֲרִ֑ים gatekeepers
4,000 are to be gatekeepers, and 4,000 are to praise the LORD with the instruments I have made for giving praise.”
Here: Men posted at the gates of the sanctuary. They guarded who came in, kept watch over the storerooms and treasuries, and opened and locked the doors. It was a guard duty, not a job carrying things.
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1 Chronicles 26:1 לְשֹׁעֲרִ֑ים of gatekeepers
These were the divisions of the gatekeepers: From the Korahites: Meshelemiah son of Kore, one of the sons of Asaph.
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1 Chronicles 26:12 הַשֹּֽׁעֲרִ֜ים the gatekeepers
These divisions of the gatekeepers, through their chief men, had duties for ministering in the house of the LORD, just as their relatives did.
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1 Chronicles 26:19 הַשֹּׁ֣עֲרִ֔ים the gatekeepers
These were the divisions of the gatekeepers who were descendants of Korah and Merari.
2 Chronicles · 6
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2 Chronicles 8:14 וְהַשּׁוֹעֲרִ֥ים and the gatekeepers
In keeping with the ordinances of his father David, Solomon appointed the divisions of the priests over their service, and the Levites for their duties to offer praise and to minister before the priests according to the daily requirement. He also appointed gatekeepers by their divisions at each gate, for this had been the command of David, the man of God.
Here: Levitical guards of the temple gates. They controlled who went in, guarded storerooms and kept the sacred area pure (1 Chronicles 9:17–27; 26:1–19).
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2 Chronicles 23:4 לְשֹֽׁעֲרֵ֖י [will become] <into> [the] gatekeepers of
This is what you are to do: A third of you priests and Levites who come on duty on the Sabbath shall keep watch at the doors,
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2 Chronicles 23:19 הַשּׁ֣וֹעֲרִ֔ים the gatekeepers
He stationed gatekeepers at the gates of the house of the LORD, so that no one who was in any way unclean could enter.
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2 Chronicles 31:14 הַשּׁוֹעֵ֣ר the gatekeeper
Kore son of Imnah the Levite, the keeper of the East Gate, was in charge of the freewill offerings given to God, distributing the contributions to the LORD and the consecrated gifts.
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2 Chronicles 34:13 וְשׁוֹעֲרִֽים׃ and gatekeepers
were over the laborers and supervised all who did the work, task by task. Some of the Levites were secretaries, officers, and gatekeepers.
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2 Chronicles 35:15 וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִ֖ים and the gatekeepers
The singers, the descendants of Asaph, were at their stations according to the command of David, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun the king’s seer. And the gatekeepers at each gate did not need to leave their posts, because their fellow Levites made preparations for them.
Ezra · 4
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Ezra 2:42 הַשֹּֽׁעֲרִ֗ים the gatekeepers
The gatekeepers: the descendants of Shallum, the descendants of Ater, the descendants of Talmon, the descendants of Akkub, the descendants of Hatita, and the descendants of Shobai, 139 in all.
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Ezra 2:70 וְהַשּׁוֹעֲרִ֛ים and the gatekeepers
So the priests, the Levites, the singers, the gatekeepers, and the temple servants, along with some of the people, settled in their own towns; and the rest of the Israelites settled in their towns.
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Ezra 7:7 וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִ֛ים and the gatekeepers
So in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes, he went up to Jerusalem with some of the Israelites, including priests, Levites, singers, gatekeepers, and temple servants.
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Ezra 10:24 הַשֹּׁ֣עֲרִ֔ים the gatekeepers
From the singers: Eliashib. From the gatekeepers: Shallum, Telem, and Uri.
Nehemiah · 10
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Nehemiah 7:1 הַשּׁוֹעֲרִ֥ים the gatekeepers
When the wall had been rebuilt and I had set the doors in place, the gatekeepers, singers, and Levites were appointed.
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Nehemiah 7:45 הַשֹּֽׁעֲרִ֗ים the gatekeepers
The gatekeepers: the descendants of Shallum, the descendants of Ater, the descendants of Talmon, the descendants of Akkub, the descendants of Hatita, and the descendants of Shobai, 138 in all.
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Nehemiah 7:73 וְהַשּׁוֹעֲרִים֩ and the gatekeepers
So the priests, Levites, gatekeepers, singers, and temple servants, along with some of the people and the rest of the Israelites, settled in their own towns. And by the seventh month the Israelites had settled in their towns.
Here: The hereditary guards of the temple gates. They controlled who could go in and protected the storerooms. The register counts them as a separate group (7:45).
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Nehemiah 10:28 הַשּׁוֹעֲרִ֨ים the gatekeepers
“The rest of the people—the priests, Levites, gatekeepers, singers, temple servants, and all who had separated themselves from the people of the land to obey the Law of God—along with their wives and all their sons and daughters who are able to understand,
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Nehemiah 10:39 וְהַשּׁוֹעֲרִ֖ים and the gatekeepers
For the Israelites and the Levites are to bring the contributions of grain, new wine, and oil to the storerooms where the articles of the sanctuary are kept and where the ministering priests, the gatekeepers, and the singers stay. Thus we will not neglect the house of our God.”
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Nehemiah 11:19 וְהַשּֽׁוֹעֲרִים֙ and the gatekeepers
And the gatekeepers: Akkub, Talmon, and their associates, who kept watch at the gates—172 men.
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Nehemiah 12:25 שֽׁוֹעֲרִים֙ [were] gatekeepers
Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub were gatekeepers who guarded the storerooms at the gates.
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Nehemiah 12:45 וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִ֑ים and the gatekeepers
They performed the service of their God and the service of purification, along with the singers and gatekeepers, as David and his son Solomon had prescribed.
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Nehemiah 12:47 וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִ֖ים and the gatekeepers
So in the days of Zerubbabel and Nehemiah, all Israel contributed the daily portions for the singers and gatekeepers. They also set aside daily portions for the Levites, and the Levites set aside daily portions for the descendants of Aaron.
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Nehemiah 13:5 וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִ֑ים and the gatekeepers
and had prepared for Tobiah a large room where they had previously stored the grain offerings, the frankincense, the temple articles, and the tithes of grain, new wine, and oil prescribed for the Levites, singers, and gatekeepers, along with the contributions for the priests.
Here: The guards of the temple gates and storerooms (1 Chronicles 9:26). These are the very men whose job included guarding chambers like this one.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.