שָׁכַר

Genesis 9:21 וַיִּשְׁכָּ֑ר and he became drunk

But when he drank some of its wine, he became drunk and uncovered himself inside his tent.

Genesis 43:34 וַֽיִּשְׁכְּר֖וּ and they became drunk

When the portions were served to them from Joseph’s table, Benjamin’s portion was five times larger than any of the others. So they feasted and drank freely with Joseph.

Here: “And they drank deep / became drunk.” The verb means drinking to the point of being filled or intoxicated, not merely being cheerful. It moves the scene from tense caution to relaxed, abundant feasting.

Deuteronomy 32:42 אַשְׁכִּ֤יר I will make drunk

I will make My arrows drunk with blood, while My sword devours flesh—the blood of the slain and captives, the heads of the enemy leaders.”

1 Samuel 1:14 תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִ֑ין will you be drunk !

and said to her, “How long will you be drunk? Put away your wine!”

2 Samuel 11:13 וַֽיְשַׁכְּרֵ֑הוּ and he made drunk him

Then David invited Uriah to eat and drink with him, and he got Uriah drunk. And in the evening Uriah went out to lie down on his cot with his master’s servants, but he did not go home.

Song of Songs 5:1 וְשִׁכְר֖וּ and become drunk

I have come to my garden, my sister, my bride; I have gathered my myrrh with my spice. I have eaten my honeycomb with my honey; I have drunk my wine with my milk. Eat, O friends, and drink; drink freely, O beloved.

Here: "And get drunk / drink deep!" The verb means drinking until intoxicated or fully satisfied. It is stronger than "drink abundantly" or "drink freely." Here it is used for joy at a feast, not as a warning.

Isaiah 29:9 שָֽׁכְר֣וּ people have become drunk

Stop and be astonished; blind yourselves and be sightless; be drunk, but not with wine; stagger, but not from strong drink.

Here: As the Hebrew is pointed, 'they are drunk': a statement that the people are already in a stupor. It could also be read as the command 'get drunk!'

Isaiah 49:26 יִשְׁכָּר֑וּן they will become drunk !

I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh; they will be drunk on their own blood, as with wine. Then all mankind will know that I, the LORD, am your Savior and your Redeemer, the Mighty One of Jacob.”

Here: 'They will get drunk.' The extra -un ending is an older, weightier form of the verb that gives the line emphasis. Drunkenness pictures staggering helplessness and loss of control, as in the 'cup' of wrath (Isa 51:17–23).

Isaiah 51:21 וּשְׁכֻרַ֖ת and O drunken [one]

Therefore now hear this, you afflicted one, drunken, but not with wine.

Isaiah 63:6 וַאֲשַׁכְּרֵ֖ם and I made drunk them

I trampled the nations in My anger; in My wrath I made them drunk and poured out their blood on the ground.”

Jeremiah 25:27 וְשִׁכְרוּ֙ and become drunk

“Then you are to tell them that this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘Drink, get drunk, and vomit. Fall down and never get up again, because of the sword I will send among you.’

Here: 'Become drunk'. The verb can mean drinking freely (Gen 43:34), but here it is followed by vomiting and collapse, so it means helpless intoxication.

Jeremiah 48:26 הַשְׁכִּירֻ֕הוּ make drunk it

“Make him drunk, because he has magnified himself against the LORD; so Moab will wallow in his own vomit, and he will also become a laughingstock.

Here: A command to several people ('you all') to cause Moab to become drunk. It calls up the 'cup of wrath' Jeremiah was told to make the nations drink (Jer 25:15-27), with Moab named among them (25:21). Drunkenness here is not pleasure but helplessness: staggering, vomiting, falling.

Jeremiah 51:7 מְשַׁכֶּ֖רֶת making drunk

Babylon was a gold cup in the hand of the LORD, making the whole earth drunk. The nations drank her wine; therefore the nations have gone mad.

Here: A participle with a causative sense, 'causing to be drunk', describing an ongoing activity. It is feminine, agreeing with the cup (and with Babylon, a feminine city). The cup actively intoxicates.

Jeremiah 51:39 וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּים֙ and I will make drunk them

While they are flushed with heat, I will serve them a feast, and I will make them drunk so that they may revel; then they will fall asleep forever and never wake up, declares the LORD.

Here: 'And I will make them drunk'. The verb form makes God the one causing the drunkenness. It turns back on Babylon the image of 51:7, where Babylon was the golden cup that made the nations drunk.

Jeremiah 51:57 וְ֠הִשְׁכַּרְתִּי and I will make drunk

I will make her princes and wise men drunk, along with her governors, officials, and warriors. Then they will fall asleep forever and not wake up,” declares the King, whose name is the LORD of Hosts.

Here: The causative form: God himself is the one who gets them drunk. The verb form looks like a past tense, but joined to 'and' after the prophecy of verse 56 it points to the future. It recalls the 'cup' of judgment that Jeremiah uses again and again (25:15–29; 51:7).

Lamentations 4:21 תִּשְׁכְּרִ֖י you will become drunk

So rejoice and be glad, O Daughter of Edom, you who dwell in the land of Uz. Yet the cup will pass to you as well; you will get drunk and expose yourself.

Here: Drinking the cup leads to drunkenness: helplessness, staggering, loss of control and dignity. The point is not wine-drinking as a moral topic. It is a picture of being overpowered by judgment.

Nahum 3:11 תִּשְׁכְּרִ֔י you will become drunk

You too will become drunk; you will go into hiding and seek refuge from the enemy.

Habakkuk 2:15 שַׁכֵּ֑ר you make [them] drunk

Woe to him who gives drink to his neighbors, pouring it from the wineskin until they are drunk, in order to gaze at their nakedness!

Here: An intensive form, 'making [him] drunk,' stated as a deliberate aim. The host intends intoxication; it is not an accident of generous pouring.

Haggai 1:6 לְשָׁכְרָ֔ה to become drunk

You have planted much but harvested little. You eat but never have enough. You drink but never have your fill. You put on clothes but never get warm. You earn wages to put into a bag pierced through.”

Here: "To drinking one's fill". The verb can mean outright drunkenness, but it can also mean drinking freely until satisfied, as at a feast (Gen 43:34; Song 5:1). Here it is the drink counterpart of "fullness": there is never enough wine to be merry on.