Hebrew word · H7950
שֶׁ֫לֶג
sheleg
snow
Snow. In poetry it also stands for whiteness and purity (Isa 1:18; Ps 51:7), for coolness (Prov 25:13) and for winter's hardship.
Appears 20 times in 20 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
snow
Aramaic equivalent: te.lag (תְּלַג "snow" H8517)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Proverbs 31:21
- Range of meaning
Snow. In poetry it also stands for whiteness and purity (Isa 1:18; Ps 51:7), for coolness (Prov 25:13) and for winter's hardship.
- Against the English
Accurate. A modern reader in a cold climate may picture a long snowy season. In Judah snow was occasional but real and dangerous in the highlands, a mark of the harshest winter days.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Snow in Jerusalem and the hill country is attested in Scripture (2 Sam 23:20; Ps 147:16; Job 37:6), and snowfall still happens there some winters. Proverbs uses it elsewhere: snow in summer and rain at harvest are out of place (26:1), and the cool of snow at harvest is refreshing (25:13).
- Range of meaning
Šeleg means snow. Snow falls occasionally in the Judean hills and lies on Mount Hermon most of the year. It was the standard picture of brilliant whiteness (Exod 4:6; Num 12:10; Isa 1:18; Lam 4:7). Lāḇēn means to be or become white. In the causative-type form used here (Hiphil) it means 'to show white' or 'become white'.
- Against the English
'Whiter than snow' is accurate. English readers hear moral innocence, which is close. What they may miss is that in this verse the whiteness is laundered cloth, not natural purity.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Isa 1:18 uses both words: 'though your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow' (kaššeleg yalbînû). Dan 11:35 and 12:10 use the same verb for being 'made white', meaning purified through trial.
From the study of 1 Chronicles 11:22
- Range of meaning
Snow. In the Bible it is a picture of whiteness (Isa 1:18; Ps 51:7), cold (Prov 25:13), and God's power over the weather (Job 38:22; Ps 147:16). In the hills of Judah it is occasional, not yearly or lasting.
- Against the English
'On a snowy day' (BSB, KJV, WEB) is accurate. YLT's 'in the day of snow' keeps the 'the', which hints at a particular snowfall people remembered.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Snow on the central highlands (Jerusalem, Hebron) happens in some winters. Its rarity made it memorable. Compare the 'snowy day' praised in Prov 31:21.
Where it appears
Exodus · 1
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Exodus 4:6 כַּשָּֽׁלֶג׃ like <the> snow
Furthermore, the LORD said to Moses, “Put your hand inside your cloak.” So he put his hand inside his cloak, and when he took it out, his hand was leprous, white as snow.
Here: 'Like (the) snow'. The comparison is most likely to whiteness, and possibly also to flaking or scaling. The Hebrew does not use the word 'white'.
Numbers · 1
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Numbers 12:10 כַּשָּׁ֑לֶג like <the> snow
As the cloud lifted from above the Tent, suddenly Miriam became leprous, white as snow. Aaron turned toward her, saw that she was leprous,
Here: 'Like snow'. The Hebrew has no word for 'white' here. The comparison may be to snow's whiteness, to its flaky texture, or to both. Many scholars think flaking or scaling is the main point (see debates).
2 Samuel · 1
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2 Samuel 23:20 הַשָּֽׁלֶג׃ the snow
And Benaiah son of Jehoiada was a man of valor from Kabzeel, a man of many exploits. He struck down two champions of Moab, and on a snowy day he went down into a pit and killed a lion.
2 Kings · 1
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2 Kings 5:27 כַּשָּֽׁלֶג׃ ס like <the> snow
Therefore, the leprosy of Naaman will cling to you and your descendants forever!” And as Gehazi left his presence, he was leprous—as white as snow.
Here: "Like snow." The Hebrew does not say "white". English versions add it (KJV prints "white" in italics). The comparison is probably to a pale, white appearance, though some scholars think it points to flaking, like snowflakes. Either way the change was sudden, visible and could not be hidden. The paragraph mark (ס) that follows ends the Naaman story.
1 Chronicles · 1
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1 Chronicles 11:22 הַשָּֽׁלֶג׃ the snow
And Benaiah son of Jehoiada was a man of valor from Kabzeel, a man of many exploits. He struck down two champions of Moab, and on a snowy day he went down into a pit and killed a lion.
Here: 'The snow', with 'the'. Snow was rare enough in the land that 'the day of the snow' worked as a date people remembered. It also added to the danger: cold, slippery ground and a cornered animal.
Job · 5
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Job 6:16 שָֽׁלֶג׃ snow
darkened because of the ice and the inflow of melting snow,
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Job 9:30 שָׁ֑לֶג snow
If I should wash myself with snow and cleanse my hands with lye,
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Job 24:19 שֶׁ֗לֶג snow
As drought and heat consume the melting snow, so Sheol steals those who have sinned.
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Job 37:6 לַשֶּׁ֨לַג׀ to the snow
For He says to the snow, ‘Fall on the earth,’ and to the gentle rain, ‘Pour out a mighty downpour.’
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Job 38:22 שָׁ֑לֶג snow
Have you entered the storehouses of snow or observed the storehouses of hail,
Psalms · 3
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Psalm 51:7 וּמִשֶּׁ֥לֶג and more than snow
Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow.
Here: 'And than snow': the Hebrew 'from' (min) here makes a comparison. Snow was the whitest thing people knew, so the cleansing goes beyond the best a launderer could manage.
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Psalm 147:16 שֶׁ֣לֶג snow
He spreads the snow like wool; He scatters the frost like ashes;
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Psalm 148:8 שֶׁ֣לֶג snow
lightning and hail, snow and clouds, powerful wind fulfilling His word,
Here: Snow, which fell now and then on the Judean hills and lay on Lebanon and Hermon. It was a picture of whiteness and of God's stored-up wonders (Job 38:22). It goes with hail as the pair of cold, falling things.
Proverbs · 3
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Proverbs 25:13 שֶׁ֨לֶג׀ snow
Like the cold of snow in the time of harvest is a trustworthy messenger to those who send him; he refreshes the soul of his masters.
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Proverbs 26:1 כַּשֶּׁ֤לֶג׀ like <the> snow
Like snow in summer and rain at harvest, honor does not befit a fool.
Here: "Like the snow": the prefix ka- means "like" and opens the comparison. Snow was known in the hill country only in winter, and only sometimes, so "snow" here stands for something that belongs to one season alone.
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Proverbs 31:21 מִשָּׁ֑לֶג from snow
When it snows, she has no fear for her household, for they are all clothed in scarlet.
Here: 'From/because of snow'. With verbs of fearing, the preposition min names what is feared. Snow stands for the worst of the cold, wet highland winter.
Isaiah · 2
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Isaiah 1:18 כַּשֶּׁ֣לֶג like <the> snow
“Come now, let us reason together,” says the LORD. “Though your sins are like scarlet, they will be as white as snow; though they are as red as crimson, they will become like wool.
Here: "Like the snow." Snow was the standard picture of brilliant whiteness (compare Ps 51:7). In Judah's hill country it fell only now and then, which made it striking.
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Isaiah 55:10 וְהַשֶּׁ֜לֶג and the snow
For just as rain and snow fall from heaven and do not return without watering the earth, making it bud and sprout, and providing seed to sow and food to eat,
Here: Snow fell on the Judean hills and covered Lebanon and Hermon. It melts slowly into the ground and feeds springs, so it waters the land too, only more slowly.
Jeremiah · 1
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Jeremiah 18:14 שֶׁ֣לֶג [the] snow of
Does the snow of Lebanon ever leave its rocky slopes? Or do its cool waters flowing from a distance ever run dry?
Here: The subject of the first question. Snow was rare in Judah but lay on the Lebanon and Hermon peaks for most of the year, so it was an obvious picture of something that stays put.
Lamentations · 1
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Lamentations 4:7 מִשֶּׁ֔לֶג more than snow
Her dignitaries were brighter than snow, whiter than milk; their bodies were more ruddy than rubies, their appearance like sapphires.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.