Hebrew word · H811

אֶשְׁכּוֹל

'eshkol

cluster

A cluster or bunch, chiefly of grapes (also of henna blossoms, Song 1:14, and dates, Song 7:7). It is also the name of the Valley of Eshkol near Hebron.

Appears 9 times in 9 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) cluster

1a) of grapes

1b) of flowers (metaphor of lover)

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Deuteronomy 32:32

Range of meaning

A cluster or bunch, chiefly of grapes (also of henna blossoms, Song 1:14, and dates, Song 7:7). It is also the name of the Valley of Eshkol near Hebron.

Against the English

"Clusters" is accurate in all major versions.

Used elsewhere in the period

Num 13:23–24 and Deut 1:24–25: the spies cut a single cluster at Eshkol so large that two men carried it on a pole, as proof of the land's goodness.

Similar words

Where it appears

Genesis · 1
  1. Genesis 40:10 אַשְׁכְּלֹתֶ֖יהָ clusters its

    and on the vine were three branches. As it budded, its blossoms opened and its clusters ripened into grapes.

Numbers · 2
  1. Numbers 13:23 וְאֶשְׁכּ֤וֹל and a cluster of

    When they came to the Valley of Eshcol, they cut down a branch with a single cluster of grapes, which they carried on a pole between two men. They also took some pomegranates and figs.

  2. Numbers 13:24 הָֽאֶשְׁכּ֔וֹל the cluster

    Because of the cluster of grapes the Israelites cut there, that place was called the Valley of Eshcol.

Deuteronomy · 1
  1. Deuteronomy 32:32 אַשְׁכְּלֹ֥ת clusters

    But their vine is from the vine of Sodom and from the fields of Gomorrah. Their grapes are poisonous; their clusters are bitter.

    Here: Bunches of grapes. Within the Torah it may call to mind the Eshkol cluster the spies carried back as proof of the good land (Num 13:23–24; Deut 1:24–25). These clusters prove the opposite.

Song of Songs · 3
  1. Song of Songs 1:14 אֶשְׁכֹּ֨ל [is] [the] cluster of

    My beloved is to me a cluster of henna blossoms in the vineyards of En-gedi.

  2. Song of Songs 7:7 לְאַשְׁכֹּלֽוֹת׃ <to> clusters

    Your stature is like a palm tree; your breasts are clusters of fruit.

  3. Song of Songs 7:8 כְּאֶשְׁכְּל֣וֹת like [the] clusters of

    I said, “I will climb the palm tree; I will take hold of its fruit.” May your breasts be like clusters of the vine, the fragrance of your breath like apples,

Isaiah · 1
  1. Isaiah 65:8 בָּֽאֶשְׁכּ֔וֹל in the cluster of grapes

    This is what the LORD says: “As the new wine is found in a cluster of grapes, and men say, ‘Do not destroy it, for it contains a blessing,’ so I will act on behalf of My servants; I will not destroy them all.

    Here: A bunch of grapes on the vine, the word from the Valley of Eshcol where the spies cut the huge cluster (Num 13:23). The cluster stands for the whole people. The juice in it stands for the faithful within them.

Micah · 1
  1. Micah 7:1 אֶשְׁכּ֣וֹל [is] a cluster of grapes

    Woe is me! For I am like one gathering summer fruit at the gleaning of the vineyard; there is no cluster to eat, no early fig that I crave.

    Here: Not one bunch of grapes is left. It is the same word as the giant cluster the spies brought back from the Valley of Eshcol (Numbers 13:23), the classic picture of a fruitful land.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.