Hebrew word · H811
אֶשְׁכּוֹל
'eshkol
cluster
A cluster or bunch, chiefly of grapes (also of henna blossoms, Song 1:14, and dates, Song 7:7). It is also the name of the Valley of Eshkol near Hebron.
Appears 9 times in 9 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) cluster
1a) of grapes
1b) of flowers (metaphor of lover)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Deuteronomy 32:32
- Range of meaning
A cluster or bunch, chiefly of grapes (also of henna blossoms, Song 1:14, and dates, Song 7:7). It is also the name of the Valley of Eshkol near Hebron.
- Against the English
"Clusters" is accurate in all major versions.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Num 13:23–24 and Deut 1:24–25: the spies cut a single cluster at Eshkol so large that two men carried it on a pole, as proof of the land's goodness.
Similar words
Where it appears
Genesis · 1
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Genesis 40:10 אַשְׁכְּלֹתֶ֖יהָ clusters its
and on the vine were three branches. As it budded, its blossoms opened and its clusters ripened into grapes.
Numbers · 2
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Numbers 13:23 וְאֶשְׁכּ֤וֹל and a cluster of
When they came to the Valley of Eshcol, they cut down a branch with a single cluster of grapes, which they carried on a pole between two men. They also took some pomegranates and figs.
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Numbers 13:24 הָֽאֶשְׁכּ֔וֹל the cluster
Because of the cluster of grapes the Israelites cut there, that place was called the Valley of Eshcol.
Deuteronomy · 1
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Deuteronomy 32:32 אַשְׁכְּלֹ֥ת clusters
But their vine is from the vine of Sodom and from the fields of Gomorrah. Their grapes are poisonous; their clusters are bitter.
Here: Bunches of grapes. Within the Torah it may call to mind the Eshkol cluster the spies carried back as proof of the good land (Num 13:23–24; Deut 1:24–25). These clusters prove the opposite.
Song of Songs · 3
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Song of Songs 1:14 אֶשְׁכֹּ֨ל [is] [the] cluster of
My beloved is to me a cluster of henna blossoms in the vineyards of En-gedi.
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Song of Songs 7:7 לְאַשְׁכֹּלֽוֹת׃ <to> clusters
Your stature is like a palm tree; your breasts are clusters of fruit.
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Song of Songs 7:8 כְּאֶשְׁכְּל֣וֹת like [the] clusters of
I said, “I will climb the palm tree; I will take hold of its fruit.” May your breasts be like clusters of the vine, the fragrance of your breath like apples,
Isaiah · 1
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Isaiah 65:8 בָּֽאֶשְׁכּ֔וֹל in the cluster of grapes
This is what the LORD says: “As the new wine is found in a cluster of grapes, and men say, ‘Do not destroy it, for it contains a blessing,’ so I will act on behalf of My servants; I will not destroy them all.
Here: A bunch of grapes on the vine, the word from the Valley of Eshcol where the spies cut the huge cluster (Num 13:23). The cluster stands for the whole people. The juice in it stands for the faithful within them.
Micah · 1
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Micah 7:1 אֶשְׁכּ֣וֹל [is] a cluster of grapes
Woe is me! For I am like one gathering summer fruit at the gleaning of the vineyard; there is no cluster to eat, no early fig that I crave.
Here: Not one bunch of grapes is left. It is the same word as the giant cluster the spies brought back from the Valley of Eshcol (Numbers 13:23), the classic picture of a fruitful land.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.