Hebrew word · H8398
תֵּבֵל
tevel
world
The inhabited, fruitful earth, the world as the place where people live and crops grow. It appears only in poetry and usually stands beside arets (Psalm 24:1; 33:8; Isaiah 24:4; 26:9; 34:1). It probably comes from the root ybl, "to bring forth, yield."
Appears 36 times in 36 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
world
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
The inhabited, fruitful earth, the world as the place where people live and crops grow. It appears only in poetry and usually stands beside arets (Psalm 24:1; 33:8; Isaiah 24:4; 26:9; 34:1). It probably comes from the root ybl, "to bring forth, yield."
- Against the English
"World" is a fair rendering. A modern reader may picture the planet seen from space, with all its continents. Isaiah meant the whole human realm known to him, all the peoples and lands, from Mesopotamia to Kush and the Mediterranean coasts.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Isaiah 34:1, a close parallel, reads "Let the earth hear, and all that fills it; the world (tevel) and all that comes from it." Psalm 24:1 has "the earth and its fullness, the world (tevel) and those who dwell in it."
- Range of meaning
A poetic word, almost always in poetry, for the inhabited and cultivated earth: the lands where people live and farm, often paired with 'erets' (earth/land). It is never a technical term for the planet as a sphere.
- Against the English
'World' (KJV, WEB, BSB). BSB, NIV and others add 'whole' or 'all', which is fair for 'face of', though it can suggest a modern global map.
- How it drifted
Modern 'world' brings up a picture of the globe and global reach. Tevel is the inhabited lands as an ancient Israelite pictured them, which is still a universal horizon.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Isaiah 14:21: Babylon's royal line must not 'rise and possess the land and fill the face of the world (umalʾu fene-tevel) with cities'. That is exactly the same phrase as here, with 'cities' where 27:6 has 'produce'. Isaiah 26:18: 'we have not brought deliverance to the land, and the inhabitants of the world (tevel) have not been born'. Isaiah 24:4: 'the world (tevel) languishes and withers'.
- Range of meaning
The world as the inhabited, productive land; the 'world' people live in. It is almost entirely poetic and usually paired with 'erets ('earth') (Ps 24:1; 89:11; 90:2; 93:1; Prov 8:31).
- Against the English
'World' is fine. But the Hebrew does not mean a planet in space. It means the populated land mass, pictured as resting on foundations (1 Sam 2:8; Ps 93:1).
- Used elsewhere in the period
Ps 24:1, 'the earth and its fullness, the world (tevel) and those who live in it'; Prov 8:31, Wisdom 'rejoicing in his inhabited world (tevel).' The Septuagint usually renders it oikoumenē, 'the inhabited world,' as here.
Where it appears
1 Samuel · 1
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1 Samuel 2:8 תֵּבֵֽל׃ [the] world
He raises the poor from the dust and lifts the needy from the ash heap. He seats them among princes and bestows on them a throne of honor. For the foundations of the earth are the LORD’s, and upon them He has set the world.
Here: 'The world' as the inhabited, productive land where people live and societies are ordered. It is a poetic word, often paired with 'ereṣ (Ps 24:1; 89:11).
2 Samuel · 1
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2 Samuel 22:16 תֵּבֵ֑ל [the] world
The channels of the sea appeared, and the foundations of the world were exposed at the rebuke of the LORD, at the blast of the breath of His nostrils.
1 Chronicles · 1
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1 Chronicles 16:30 תֵּבֵ֖ל [the] world
tremble before Him, all the earth. The world is firmly established; it cannot be moved.
Job · 3
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Job 18:18 וּֽמִתֵּבֵ֥ל and from [the] world
He is driven from light into darkness and is chased from the inhabited world.
Here: "And from the inhabited world." A poetic word for the earth as the place where people live, grow crops and build towns. It matches "earth" and "land" in verse 17: he is removed from the world of the living.
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Job 34:13 תֵּבֵ֥ל [the] world
Who gave Him charge over the earth? Who appointed Him over the whole world?
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Job 37:12 תֵבֵ֣ל [the] world
They swirl about, whirling at His direction, accomplishing all that He commands over the face of all the earth.
Psalms · 15
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Psalm 9:8 תֵּבֵ֥ל [the] world
He judges the world with justice; He governs the people with equity.
Here: A poetic word for the whole lived-on earth and the people who fill it. It means the world as a place full of people, not the planet in the scientific sense. The scope is every land, not Israel alone.
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Psalm 18:15 תֵּ֫בֵ֥ל [the] world
The channels of the sea appeared, and the foundations of the world were exposed, at Your rebuke, O LORD, at the blast of the breath of Your nostrils.
Here: A poetic word for the dry, inhabited world, the ordered ground people live on, as opposed to the sea.
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Psalm 19:4 תֵ֭בֵל [the] world
their voice has gone out into all the earth, their words to the ends of the world. In the heavens He has pitched a tent for the sun.
Here: A poetic word for the dry, inhabited, settled world where people live. It pairs with 'erets ('earth'). The witness reaches every people, not just every place.
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Psalm 24:1 תֵּ֝בֵ֗ל [the] world
A Psalm of David. The earth is the LORD’s, and the fullness thereof, the world and all who dwell therein.
Here: A poetic word for the world as the inhabited, productive land. It repeats 'the earth' in the second half of the line from a slightly different angle: the world where people actually live.
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Psalm 33:8 תֵבֵֽל׃ [the] world
Let all the earth fear the LORD; let all the people of the world revere Him.
Here: "The world." A poetic word for the inhabited, productive land mass. It almost always appears paired with 'erets and in passages about creation, such as Psalm 24:1 and Psalm 93:1. It is the world God made firm and filled with people.
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Psalm 50:12 תֵ֝בֵ֗ל [the] world
If I were hungry, I would not tell you, for the world is Mine, and the fullness thereof.
Here: A poetic word for the whole land-mass people live on and farm, the productive, inhabited earth. Here it means all the ground that produces the animals and crops worshipers bring as offerings.
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Psalm 77:18 תֵּבֵ֑ל [the] world
Your thunder resounded in the whirlwind; the lightning lit up the world; the earth trembled and quaked.
Here: A poetic word for the whole dry, lived-on world. It pairs with 'the earth' at the end of the line: the entire world is lit up and shaken.
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Psalm 89:11 תֵּבֵ֥ל [the] world
The heavens are Yours, and also the earth. The earth and its fullness You founded.
Here: A poetic word for the dry, inhabited, productive land where people and animals live. Moving from 'earth' to 'tevel' shifts from the cosmic layer to the lived-in world.
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Psalm 90:2 וְתֵבֵ֑ל and [the] world
Before the mountains were born or You brought forth the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting You are God.
Here: 'And the world'. This is a poetic word for the lived-in, fruitful world, and it always stands in parallel with ʾereṣ. Together the two words mean 'the whole world'.
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Psalm 93:1 תֵּ֝בֵ֗ל [the] world
The LORD reigns! He is robed in majesty; the LORD has clothed and armed Himself with strength. The world indeed is firmly established; it cannot be moved.
Here: A poetic word for the dry, lived-on land where people live and crops grow, as opposed to the surrounding waters. It does not mean a planet moving through space.
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Psalm 96:10 תֵּ֭בֵל [the] world
Declare among the nations: “The LORD reigns!” The world is firmly established; it cannot be moved; He will judge the peoples with equity.
Here: A poetic word for the inhabited, fruitful land where people live. It means the world as a home for life, not the planet as seen from space.
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Psalm 96:13 תֵּבֵ֥ל [the] world
before the LORD, for He is coming—He is coming to judge the earth. He will judge the world in righteousness and the peoples in His faithfulness.
Here: A word used only in poetry, for the whole inhabited world. Verse 10 calls it firmly established. It is the stage on which his rule takes place.
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Psalm 97:4 תֵּבֵ֑ל [the] world
His lightning illuminates the world; the earth sees and trembles.
Here: A poetic word for the solid, lived-on world, the land where people live. Nothing is left in shadow: the whole inhabited world is lit up.
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Psalm 98:7 תֵּ֝בֵ֗ל [the] world
Let the sea resound, and all that fills it, the world, and all who dwell in it.
Here: "The world," a poetic word for the dry, inhabited, fruitful land, set against the sea. Between them, sea and land take in the whole of creation.
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Psalm 98:9 תֵּבֵ֥ל [the] world
before the LORD, for He comes to judge the earth. He will judge the world with righteousness and the peoples with equity.
Here: A poetic word for the world where people live, the solid, settled land. It is always set beside 'earth' as a grander word for it.
Proverbs · 2
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Proverbs 8:26 תֵּבֵֽל׃ [the] world
before He made the land or fields, or any of the dust of the earth.
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Proverbs 8:31 בְּתֵבֵ֣ל in [the] world of
I was rejoicing in His whole world, delighting together in the sons of men.
Here: "In the world of": a poetic word for the solid, fruitful, lived-in world, as opposed to the depths, the sea or the sky. It names where her play happens.
Isaiah · 9
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Isaiah 13:11 תֵּבֵל֙ [the] world
I will punish the world for its evil and the wicked for their iniquity. I will end the haughtiness of the arrogant and lay low the pride of the ruthless.
Here: A poetic word for the inhabited world, the lands where people live. In an oracle against Babylon it takes in the whole imperial world Babylon claimed to rule, and it widens the judgment to cosmic size.
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Isaiah 14:17 תֵּבֵ֛ל [the] world
who turned the world into a desert and destroyed its cities, who refused to let the captives return to their homes?”
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Isaiah 14:21 תֵבֵ֖ל [the] world
Prepare a place to slaughter his sons for the iniquities of their forefathers. They will never rise up to possess a land or cover the earth with their cities.
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Isaiah 18:3 תֵבֵ֖ל [the] world
All you people of the world and dwellers of the earth, when a banner is raised on the mountains, you will see it; when a ram’s horn sounds, you will hear it.
Here: A word used only in poetry for the inhabited, productive earth, the whole realm where people live. It is paired with "land/earth" to reach every people at once.
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Isaiah 24:4 תֵּבֵ֑ל [the] world
The earth mourns and withers; the world languishes and fades; the exalted of the earth waste away.
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Isaiah 26:9 תֵבֵֽל׃ [the] world
My soul longs for You in the night; indeed, my spirit seeks You at dawn. For when Your judgments come upon the earth, the people of the world learn righteousness.
Here: 'The world.' This is a poetic word for the inhabited earth, used in parallel with ʾerets. It makes the scope universal, not just Israel.
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Isaiah 26:18 תֵבֵֽל׃ [the] world
We were with child; we writhed in pain; but we gave birth to wind. We have given no salvation to the earth, nor brought any life into the world.
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Isaiah 27:6 תֵבֵ֖ל [the] world
In the days to come, Jacob will take root. Israel will bud and blossom and fill the whole world with fruit.
Here: A poetic word for the inhabited, productive earth, the lands where people live. It is not 'the planet' in a modern astronomical sense. Isaiah 24–27 uses it repeatedly for the world that is under judgment (24:4; 26:9, 18).
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Isaiah 34:1 תֵּבֵ֖ל [the] world
Come near, O nations, to listen; pay attention, O peoples. Let the earth hear, and all that fills it, the world and all that springs from it.
Here: 'The world.' A poetic word for the solid, lived-on land that God set in place. It echoes 'the earth' in the line before.
Jeremiah · 2
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Jeremiah 10:12 תֵּבֵ֖ל [the] world
The LORD made the earth by His power; He established the world by His wisdom and stretched out the heavens by His understanding.
Here: A poetic word for the inhabited, productive land, the world where people live. It is the elevated partner of 'earth' in the previous line.
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Jeremiah 51:15 תֵּבֵ֖ל [the] world
The LORD made the earth by His power; He established the world by His wisdom and stretched out the heavens by His understanding.
Here: A poetic word for the inhabited, fruitful world where people live. It pairs with ʾereṣ, "earth," as its matching term in the poetry.
Lamentations · 1
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Lamentations 4:12 תֵבֵ֑ל [the] world
The kings of the earth did not believe, nor any people of the world, that an enemy or a foe could enter the gates of Jerusalem.
Nahum · 1
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Nahum 1:5 וְתֵבֵ֖ל and [the] world
The mountains quake before Him, and the hills melt away; the earth trembles at His presence—the world and all its dwellers.
Here: 'And the world.' This is an elevated poetic word for the inhabited, productive world, and it is always used without 'the'. It widens the scope from the ground to the whole human world.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.