Hebrew word · H8668
תְּשׁוּעָה
teshu'ah
salvation
Deliverance, rescue, victory in battle (1 Sam 11:9, 13; 19:5; 2 Sam 23:10, "YHWH brought about a great victory"), help, safety. Applied to God it means the help that he alone gives (Ps 33:17; 37:39).
Appears 34 times in 32 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) salvation, deliverance
1a) deliverance (usually by God through human agency)
1b) salvation (spiritual in sense)
Also means: te.shu.ah (תְּשׁוּעָה ": victory" H8668H)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Isaiah 45:17
- Range of meaning
Deliverance, rescue, victory in battle (1 Sam 11:9, 13; 19:5; 2 Sam 23:10, "YHWH brought about a great victory"), help, safety. Applied to God it means the help that he alone gives (Ps 33:17; 37:39).
- Against the English
The Latin-derived "salvation" sounds abstract and doctrinal. Teshu'ah is often best rendered "victory" or "deliverance", an event you could see.
- How it drifted
Same as yasha': the English word has become a technical term of later doctrine.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Used for military victories in Samuel and Chronicles and for God's help in the Psalms. The LXX has sōtēria. The LXX wording of this verse, sōtērian aiōnion ("eternal salvation"), is the phrase found in Hebrews 5:9.
From the study of Proverbs 11:14
- Range of meaning
Deliverance, rescue, victory, help. Very often military: the victory God or a commander brings in battle (Judg 15:18; 1 Sam 11:9, 13; 19:5; 2 Sam 23:10, 12; Ps 33:17 'a horse is a vain hope for tešûʿâ'; Prov 21:31 'the horse is prepared for the day of battle, but tešûʿâ belongs to the LORD'). It comes from the root y-š-ʿ, which also gives yeshuʿah, 'salvation'.
- Against the English
KJV, ESV and NLT 'safety' now sounds passive and defensive: avoiding risk, playing it safe. 'Victory' (WEB, NASB) and 'deliverance' (BSB, YLT) keep the active sense of being rescued from a threat or winning through it.
- How it drifted
In 1611 'safety' could still carry the sense of being kept or delivered (it is related to Latin salvus, 'saved, whole'). Modern English has narrowed it to caution and the absence of risk, which pulls the proverb toward 'consult widely so nothing goes wrong.'
- Used elsewhere in the period
Prov 24:6 uses the same phrase in a war setting: 'by taḥbulôt you will wage war, and tešûʿâ is in an abundance of counselor.' Prov 21:31 pairs tešûʿâ with battle preparations. The Septuagint renders it sōtēria ('deliverance, preservation'), and the Vulgate salus.
From the study of Proverbs 21:31
- Range of meaning
A noun from the root y-sh-' ("to save, rescue, give room to someone in distress"). Its range covers deliverance from enemies, help in trouble, victory in battle, and safety or welfare. In military settings it regularly means the win, the rescue that comes through victory (1 Sam 11:9, 13; 19:5; 2 Sam 23:10, 12, where "YHWH worked a great teshu'ah" through a warrior's fighting). The basic picture is being brought out of a tight, threatened place into safety.
- Against the English
BSB, WEB, ESV, NIV and NASB say "victory," which fits the battle setting exactly. YLT's "deliverance" keeps the sense of rescue. KJV's "safety" is defensible but softer, and it loses the sense of a battle being won. Some readers link the word to "salvation" (the same root gives the name Yeshua/Joshua). That is right about the root, but here the word is about the outcome of a war, not the fate of a soul.
- How it drifted
In church English, "salvation" and its relatives have narrowed toward rescue from sin and judgment after death. The Hebrew word is concrete and often military, and the verse uses it that way.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Ps 33:17 is the closest parallel: "the horse is a false hope for teshu'ah." Ps 20:6–7 contrasts trusting chariots and horses with trusting YHWH's name for his "saving" right hand. 1 Sam 19:5 and 2 Sam 23:10, 12 use it for a victory God brings about through human fighters. The Greek translation (Septuagint) here renders it boētheia, "help."
Where it appears
Judges · 1
-
Judges 15:18 הַתְּשׁוּעָ֥ה the victory
And being very thirsty, Samson cried out to the LORD, “You have accomplished this great deliverance through Your servant. Must I now die of thirst and fall into the hands of the uncircumcised?”
1 Samuel · 3
-
1 Samuel 11:9 תְּשׁוּעָ֖ה deliverance
So they said to the messengers who had come, “Tell the men of Jabesh-gilead: ‘Deliverance will be yours tomorrow by the time the sun is hot.’” And when the messengers relayed this to the men of Jabesh, they rejoiced.
Here: Rescue from a military threat: the siege broken and the enemy defeated. In v. 13 Saul uses the same word and credits it to the LORD.
-
1 Samuel 11:13 תְּשׁוּעָ֖ה deliverance
But Saul ordered, “No one shall be put to death this day, for today the LORD has worked salvation in Israel.”
-
1 Samuel 19:5 תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה a deliverance
He took his life in his hands when he struck down the Philistine, and the LORD worked a great salvation for all Israel. You saw it and rejoiced, so why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason?”
Here: A concrete rescue from a military threat: Israel was delivered from the Philistine army. It does not mean the soul's salvation from sin.
2 Samuel · 3
-
2 Samuel 19:2 הַתְּשֻׁעָ֜ה the deliverance
And that day’s victory was turned into mourning for all the people, because on that day they were told, “The king is grieving over his son.”
-
2 Samuel 23:10 תְּשׁוּעָ֥ה a deliverance
but Eleazar stood his ground and struck the Philistines until his hand grew weary and stuck to his sword. The LORD brought about a great victory that day. Then the troops returned to him, but only to plunder the dead.
-
2 Samuel 23:12 תְּשׁוּעָ֥ה a deliverance
But Shammah took his stand in the middle of the field, defended it, and struck down the Philistines. So the LORD brought about a great victory.
2 Kings · 3
-
2 Kings 5:1 תְּשׁוּעָ֖ה victory
Now Naaman, the commander of the army of the king of Aram, was a great man in his master’s sight and highly regarded, for through him the LORD had given victory to Aram. And he was a mighty man of valor, but he was a leper.
Here: In a military setting this means victory in battle, rescue from an enemy. It does not mean the spiritual 'salvation' of later theology.
-
2 Kings 13:17 תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה תְּשׁוּעָ֣ה victory
“Open the east window,” said Elisha. So he opened it and Elisha said, “Shoot!” So he shot. And Elisha declared: “This is the LORD’s arrow of victory, the arrow of victory over Aram, for you shall strike the Arameans in Aphek until you have put an end to them.”
1 Chronicles · 2
-
1 Chronicles 11:14 תְּשׁוּעָ֥ה a deliverance
But Eleazar and David stationed themselves in the middle of the field and defended it. They struck down the Philistines, and the LORD brought about a great victory.
-
1 Chronicles 19:12 לִתְשׁוּעָ֑ה ס <into> deliverance
“If the Arameans are too strong for me,” said Joab, “then you will come to my rescue. And if the Ammonites are too strong for you, then I will come to your rescue.
2 Chronicles · 1
-
2 Chronicles 6:41 תְשׁוּעָ֔ה salvation
Now therefore, arise, O LORD God, and enter Your resting place, You and the ark of Your might. May Your priests, O LORD God, be clothed with salvation, and may Your godly ones rejoice in goodness.
Here: Concrete rescue and victory that God brings, along with the well-being that follows. Psalm 132:9 had 'righteousness' here; the Chronicler borrows God's own promise from Psalm 132:16 ('her priests I will clothe with salvation').
Psalms · 13
-
Psalm 33:17 לִתְשׁוּעָ֑ה for victory
A horse is a vain hope for salvation; even its great strength cannot save.
Here: 'For the purpose of rescue.' In a battle setting this means coming through alive and winning: victory, rescue, safety. It does not refer to rescue from sin or life after death.
-
Psalm 37:39 וּתְשׁוּעַ֣ת and [the] salvation of
The salvation of the righteous is from the LORD; He is their stronghold in time of trouble.
Here: The waw ('and') sets this verse against v. 38: the wicked's future is cut off, *but* the righteous get rescued. Teshuʿah is concrete rescue from danger, often victory in battle. Here it means being saved from the wicked who threaten them (v. 40).
-
Psalm 38:22 תְּשׁוּעָתִֽי׃ salvation my
Come quickly to help me, O Lord my Savior.
-
Psalm 40:10 וּתְשׁוּעָתְךָ֣ and salvation your
I have not covered up Your righteousness in my heart; I have declared Your faithfulness and salvation; I have not concealed Your loving devotion and faithfulness from the great assembly.
Here: The concrete rescue God carried out: in this psalm, pulling the speaker out of the 'pit' and the 'mud' of verses 1–3. Paired with faithfulness, it means his reliability shown in action.
-
Psalm 40:16 תְּשׁוּעָתֶֽךָ׃ <of> salvation your
May all who seek You rejoice and be glad in You; may those who love Your salvation always say, “The LORD be magnified!”
Here: 'Your rescue': God stepping in to save from danger, defeat or death, here from enemies hunting the psalmist's life. It is the act God does that these people love to see.
-
Psalm 51:14 תְּשׁוּעָתִ֑י salvation my
Deliver me from bloodguilt, O God, the God of my salvation, and my tongue will sing of Your righteousness.
Here: 'My rescue / my deliverance.' The word is used for concrete rescue from danger, often victory in battle. Here the danger is the speaker's own bloodguilt and the death it calls for.
-
Psalm 60:11 תְּשׁוּעַ֥ת [the] deliverance of
Give us aid against the enemy, for the help of man is worthless.
-
Psalm 71:15 תְּשׁוּעָתֶ֑ךָ salvation your
My mouth will declare Your righteousness and Your salvation all day long, though I cannot know their full measure.
Here: 'Your deliverance.' This is concrete rescue from danger and enemies, a saving victory. It pairs with 'righteousness' as the visible result of God's right-making faithfulness.
-
Psalm 108:12 תְּשׁוּעַ֥ת [the] deliverance of
Give us aid against the enemy, for the help of man is worthless.
-
Psalm 119:41 תְּ֝שֽׁוּעָתְךָ֗ salvation your
May Your loving devotion come to me, O LORD, Your salvation, according to Your promise.
-
Psalm 119:81 לִתְשׁוּעָתְךָ֣ for salvation your
My soul faints for Your salvation; I wait for Your word.
Here: 'For your rescue.' The preposition le- marks what the longing reaches toward. 'Your' makes the rescue God's act: help he alone can give, from enemies the stanza goes on to describe (vv. 84–87).
-
Psalm 144:10 תְּשׁוּעָ֗ה deliverance
to Him who gives victory to kings, who frees His servant David from the deadly sword.
Here: In a royal and military setting this is victory in battle, or rescue from defeat. The idea is that no king wins by his own army; winning is something God hands over.
-
Psalm 146:3 תְשׁוּעָֽה׃ deliverance
Put not your trust in princes, in mortal man, who cannot save.
Here: Concrete rescue from danger: victory in battle, escape from enemies, relief from distress. It comes last for emphasis: the one thing you hoped the great man could provide is exactly what he does not have.
Proverbs · 3
-
Proverbs 11:14 וּ֝תְשׁוּעָ֗ה and victory
For lack of guidance, a nation falls, but with many counselors comes deliverance.
Here: The usual word for a rescue or victory in battle, the opposite of falling. It belongs to the same word family as 'save / salvation' (yashaʿ). Here it means being rescued and winning, not just avoiding risk.
-
Proverbs 21:31 הַתְּשׁוּעָֽה׃ the victory
A horse is prepared for the day of battle, but victory is of the LORD.
Here: "The victory": the rescue or win that settles the battle. The horse was "a horse," but this word has the article. It is the one outcome that actually matters, and it lies outside human control.
-
Proverbs 24:6 וּ֝תְשׁוּעָ֗ה and victory
Only with sound guidance should you wage war, and victory lies in a multitude of counselors.
Here: "And deliverance": in a war setting, being rescued from the enemy, which means winning. It's the same word other passages translate "salvation", but here it is plainly victory in battle.
Isaiah · 3
-
Isaiah 45:17 תְּשׁוּעַ֖ת a salvation of
But Israel will be saved by the LORD with an everlasting salvation; you will not be put to shame or humiliated, to ages everlasting.
Here: The noun of the same root as the verb, used to describe how Israel is saved: "with a salvation of…". The repeated root stresses that this is a real, full rescue.
-
Isaiah 46:13 וּתְשׁוּעָתִ֖י תְּשׁוּעָ֔ה and salvation my, salvation
I am bringing My righteousness near; it is not far away, and My salvation will not be delayed. I will grant salvation to Zion and adorn Israel with My splendor.
Here: "And my salvation": concrete rescue from a real enemy, here release from Babylon and restoration. It pairs with "my righteousness" as two names for the same coming act.
Jeremiah · 1
-
Jeremiah 3:23 תְּשׁוּעַ֖ת [the] salvation of
Surely deception comes from the hills, and commotion from the mountains. Surely the salvation of Israel is in the LORD our God.
Here: Concrete rescue from distress: safety, victory, help when crops, herds, children or the nation are at risk. That kind of help is exactly what the fertility shrines had promised and failed to give.
Lamentations · 1
-
Lamentations 3:26 לִתְשׁוּעַ֖ת for [the] salvation of
It is good to wait quietly for the salvation of the LORD.
Here: 'For the rescue of…'. The word is concrete: being brought out of distress, such as defeat, siege or oppression. Here that means the ruin of Jerusalem and everything that came after it.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.