ὄμνυμι

Matthew 5:34 ὀμόσαι to swear

But I tell you not to swear at all: either by heaven, for it is God’s throne;

Here: To take an oath: to call God, or something sacred, as witness and guarantor that you are telling the truth or will keep a promise. It has nothing to do with foul language. The aorist form treats the act as a single whole: "not to make an oath."

Matthew 5:36 ὀμόσῃς may you swear

Nor should you swear by your head, for you cannot make a single hair white or black.

Here: 'Swear' in the sense of taking a solemn oath. This verb form, with 'not', is the normal Greek way to say 'don't do this at all, not even once'. The grammar also switches from 'you all' to a single 'you', so it is said to each listener.

Matthew 23:16 ὀμόσῃ ὀμόσῃ may swear

Woe to you, blind guides! You say, ‘If anyone swears by the temple, it means nothing; but if anyone swears by the gold of the temple, he is bound by his oath.’

Here: To make a solemn statement or promise by calling on something sacred as guarantor. It has nothing to do with foul language.

Matthew 23:18 ὀμόσῃ ὀμόσῃ shall swear

And you say, ‘If anyone swears by the altar, it means nothing; but if anyone swears by the gift on it, he is bound by his oath.’

Here: "Should swear": to take a formal oath that calls a sacred thing to witness and guarantee your word. The tense treats it as a single act in a hypothetical case.

Matthew 23:20 ὀμόσας ὀμνύει having sworn, swears

So then, he who swears by the altar swears by it and by everything on it.

Here: 'Having sworn': the act of making a formal oath, calling something sacred to stand behind your word. The past-tense form looks at the oath as one finished act. The main verb that follows says what that act really did.

Matthew 23:21 ὀμόσας ὀμνύει having sworn, swears

And he who swears by the temple swears by it and by the One who dwells in it.

Here: 'Having sworn.' The aorist form treats the oath as a single completed act: whoever has taken this oath. It means making a solemn, binding promise or declaration while calling something sacred to witness. It has nothing to do with profanity.

Matthew 23:22 ὀμόσας ὀμνύει having sworn, swears

And he who swears by heaven swears by God’s throne and by the One who sits on it.

Here: 'Having sworn', 'whoever has taken an oath'. This is a formal oath that calls on a higher power as witness and enforcer of one's word. It has nothing to do with bad language.

Matthew 26:74 ὀμνύειν to swear

At that he began to curse and swear to them, “I do not know the man!” And immediately a rooster crowed.

Here: To take an oath, calling God (or something sacred) as witness that one's words are true. Peter is swearing to a lie under oath, something Jesus had forbidden his followers to do at all (Matt 5:33–37).

Mark 6:23 ὤμοσεν he swore

And he swore to her, “Whatever you ask of me, I will give you, up to half my kingdom!”

Here: He swore an oath, calling a higher power to witness and to punish him if he broke his word. A spoken promise has become something he cannot take back. The single past tense presents the oath as a done deed.

Mark 14:71 ὀμνύναι to swear

But he began to curse and swear, “I do not know this man of whom you speak!”

Luke 1:73 ὤμοσεν He swore

the oath He swore to our father Abraham, to grant us

Acts 2:30 ὤμοσεν swore

But he was a prophet and knew that God had promised him on oath that He would place one of his descendants on his throne.

Here: An aorist, describing one decisive act in the past: God bound himself by oath. It echoes Psalm 132:11 (Greek Psalm 131:11), 'The LORD swore to David'.

Hebrews 3:11 ὤμοσα I swore

So I swore on oath in My anger, ‘They shall never enter My rest.’”

Here: 'I swore.' The aorist tense points to one decisive past act: God's oath at Kadesh (Numbers 14:21–23, 28; Deuteronomy 1:34–35). An oath makes the decision final. It cannot be revoked.

Hebrews 3:18 ὤμοσεν did He swear that

And to whom did He swear that they would never enter His rest? Was it not to those who disobeyed?

Here: 'He swore.' This points back to Psalm 95:11, 'I swore in my anger', and to the oath God made at Kadesh in Numbers 14:21–23, 28–30. An oath made the sentence final. It could not be taken back.

Hebrews 4:3 ὤμοσα I swore

Now we who have believed enter that rest. As for the others, it is just as God has said: “So I swore on oath in My anger, ‘They shall never enter My rest.’” And yet His works have been finished since the foundation of the world.

Here: "I swore." God binds himself with an oath, which recalls Numbers 14:21–23, 28–30. In Hebrews a divine oath cannot be revoked (6:17–18; 7:20–21).

Hebrews 6:13 ὀμόσαι, ὤμοσεν to swear,, He swore

When God made His promise to Abraham, since He had no one greater to swear by, He swore by Himself,

Here: "To swear" in the sense of taking a solemn oath. It has nothing to do with cursing or crude language. Swearing called a higher power to witness the promise and to punish any breach of it.

Hebrews 6:16 ὀμνύουσιν, swear,

Men swear by someone greater than themselves, and their oath serves as a confirmation to end all argument.

Here: Present tense used for something generally true, a customary practice: 'people swear'. It describes how human life works and passes no moral judgment on it.

Hebrews 7:21 ὤμοσεν Has sworn

but Jesus became a priest with an oath by the One who said to Him: “The Lord has sworn and will not change His mind: ‘You are a priest forever.’”

Here: Aorist (a simple past act): “swore”. An oath is a once-for-all act that binds the one who swears. Here God binds himself.

James 5:12 ὀμνύετε, do swear,

Above all, my brothers, do not swear, not by heaven or earth or by any other oath. Simply let your “Yes” be yes, and your “No,” no, so that you will not fall under judgment.

Here: “Take an oath”: to call God or something sacred to witness that your words are true and to punish you if they are not. It has nothing to do with foul language.

Revelation 10:6 ὤμοσεν he swore

And he swore by Him who lives forever and ever, who created heaven and everything in it, the earth and everything in it, and the sea and everything in it: “There will be no more delay!

Here: “He swore,” a single, solemn act. An oath made in God's name puts God's own reliability behind what follows, so this is the strongest kind of guarantee a speaker could give.