Greek word · G4178

πολλάκις

pollakis

often

Often, frequently, many times.

Appears 18 times in 16 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

πολλάκις

adv. (πολύς),

often: Matthew 17:15, al

(AS)

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Hebrews 10:11

Range of meaning

Often, frequently, many times.

Against the English

Translations vary ('oftentimes', 'often', 'again and again', 'repeatedly', 'time after time'). All are accurate. What can get lost is that Hebrews uses the word as a technical opposite of 'once'.

Used elsewhere in the period

In Hebrews, 9:25–26 says Christ did not offer himself 'many times' (pollakis), 'otherwise he would have had to suffer many times'. Instead he appeared 'once' (hapax). 'Once for all' (ephapax) appears in 7:27, 9:12 and 10:10.

From the study of Hebrews 9:25

Range of meaning

'Often, many times, again and again.'

Against the English

KJV 'often' and BSB 'again and again' are both accurate. 'Again and again' brings out the tiresome repetition the writer means.

Used elsewhere in the period

It is common in Koine Greek. Hebrews pairs it with its opposite, ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ ('once, once for all'): 6:4; 7:27; 9:7, 12, 26, 28; 10:2, 10.

From the study of John 18:2

Range of meaning

Often, many times, frequently.

Against the English

KJV 'ofttimes', YLT 'many times', modern versions 'often'. All accurate.

Used elsewhere in the period

Luke independently confirms the habit: Jesus spent his nights during that week on the Mount of Olives (Luke 21:37) and went there 'according to custom' (Luke 22:39).

Where it appears

Matthew · 2
  1. Matthew 17:15 πολλάκις πολλάκις often

    “Lord, have mercy on my son,” he said. “He has seizures and is suffering terribly. He often falls into the fire or into the water.

    Here: “Often.” Saying it twice stresses that the danger keeps happening.

Mark · 2
  1. Mark 5:4 πολλάκις often

    Though he was often bound with chains and shackles, he had broken the chains and shattered the shackles. Now there was no one with the strength to subdue him.

  2. Mark 9:22 πολλάκις often

    “It often throws him into the fire or into the water, trying to kill him. But if You can do anything, have compassion on us and help us.”

John · 1
  1. John 18:2 πολλάκις often

    Now Judas His betrayer also knew the place, because Jesus had often met there with His disciples.

    Here: This was not a one-time hiding place but a habitual meeting spot. Only John says this outright, though Luke says Jesus went to the Mount of Olives 'as was his custom' (Luke 22:39).

Acts · 1
  1. Acts 26:11 πολλάκις often

    I frequently had them punished in the synagogues, and I tried to make them blaspheme. In my raging fury against them, I even went to foreign cities to persecute them.

    Here: Repeated action. This was a sustained campaign, not one outburst.

Romans · 1
  1. Romans 1:13 πολλάκις many times

    I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, how often I planned to come to you (but have been prevented from visiting until now), in order that I might have a harvest among you, just as I have had among the other Gentiles.

    Here: This was not one passing idea. He made the plan again and again, which shows how seriously he meant it.

2 Corinthians · 5
  1. 2 Corinthians 8:22 πολλάκις often

    And we are sending along with them our brother who has proven his earnestness to us many times and in many ways, and now even more so by his great confidence in you.

  2. 2 Corinthians 11:23 πολλάκις. often.

    Are they servants of Christ? (I am speaking as if I were out of my mind.) I am so much more: in harder labor, in more imprisonments, in worse beatings, in frequent danger of death.

    Here: 'Often.' It closes the summary line, and vv.24–27 then unpack it in detail.

  3. 2 Corinthians 11:26 πολλάκις, often,

    In my frequent journeys, I have been in danger from rivers and from bandits, in danger from my countrymen and from the Gentiles, in danger in the city and in the country, in danger on the sea and among false brothers,

    Here: 'Often' goes with the journeys. Paul's travel was a way of life, not a few trips. The same word comes back twice in v.27 (often sleepless, often without food), so the list keeps its rhythm.

  4. 2 Corinthians 11:27 πολλάκις, πολλάκις, often,

    in labor and toil and often without sleep, in hunger and thirst and often without food, in cold and exposure.

    Here: "Many times." It repeats the "often" of verses 23 and 26 and stresses that these were not one-off episodes.

Philippians · 1
  1. Philippians 3:18 πολλάκις often

    For as I have often told you before, and now say again even with tears: Many live as enemies of the cross of Christ.

    Here: Paul has warned them about these people more than once, on his visits or in earlier letters. The warning is not new, and that is part of why it hurts.

2 Timothy · 1
  1. 2 Timothy 1:16 πολλάκις often

    May the Lord grant mercy to the household of Onesiphorus, because he has often refreshed me and was unashamed of my chains.

    Here: It was not a one-off kindness. He came back again and again, each time knowing the risk.

Hebrews · 4
  1. Hebrews 6:7 πολλάκις often

    For land that drinks in the rain often falling on it and that produces a crop useful to those for whom it is tended receives the blessing of God.

    Here: Stresses how much the land has been given. This matches the long list of gifts in verses 4–5.

  2. Hebrews 9:25 πολλάκις repeatedly

    Nor did He enter heaven to offer Himself again and again, as the high priest enters the Most Holy Place every year with blood that is not his own.

    Here: The emphatic word, placed early. It sets up the contrast with ἅπαξ, 'once', in 9:26 and 9:28. Repetition belongs to the old system. Christ's act is single.

  3. Hebrews 9:26 πολλάκις repeatedly

    Otherwise, Christ would have had to suffer repeatedly since the foundation of the world. But now He has appeared once for all at the end of the ages to do away with sin by the sacrifice of Himself.

    Here: Repeats the 'repeatedly' of v. 25. It is set against 'once' (hapax) later in the verse. The whole argument depends on the contrast between many times and one time.

  4. Hebrews 10:11 πολλάκις repeatedly

    Day after day every priest stands to minister and to offer again and again the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins.

    Here: 'Many times, repeatedly'. This is the deliberate opposite of ἐφάπαξ, 'once for all', in verse 10, and of 'one sacrifice' in verse 12. Hebrews plays 'many times' against 'once' throughout (9:25–28).

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.