Greek word · G4327
προσδέχομαι
prosdechomai
to wait for/welcome
To receive or welcome (a person or gift); to wait for, expect.
Appears 14 times in 14 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·
What it means
προσ-δέχομαι
[in LXX chiefly for רָצָה ;]
1. to receive to oneself, receive favourably, admit, accept: with accusative of person(s), Luke 15:2, Romans 16:2, Philippians 2:29; with accusative of thing(s), Acts 24:15 (R, mg.), Hebrews 10:34 11:35.
2. to expect, look for, wait for: with accusative of person(s), Luke 12:36; with accusative of thing(s), Mark 15:43, Luke 2:25, 38 23:51, Acts 23:21, Titus 2:13, Jude 1:21 (cf. δέχομαι).†
(AS)
From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
To receive or welcome (a person or gift); to wait for, expect.
- Against the English
KJV/WEB 'looking for' and BSB 'await' are fair. The Greek can also mean welcoming: waiting to receive someone, not merely watching the clock.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Luke uses it for faithful Israelites 'waiting for the consolation of Israel' (Simeon, Luke 2:25), 'the redemption of Jerusalem' (Anna's hearers, Luke 2:38), and 'the kingdom of God' (Joseph of Arimathea, Mark 15:43; Luke 23:51). Jude 21 uses it for waiting for Christ's mercy.
From the study of Philippians 2:29
- Range of meaning
(1) To receive or welcome a person, especially as a guest or into fellowship; (2) to accept something (a teaching, an offer); (3) to wait for or expect (someone or something to come), as in 'waiting for the kingdom of God' (Mark 15:43; Luke 2:25, 38).
- Against the English
'Receive' (KJV, WEB, YLT, ESV, NASB) can sound passive in modern English, like taking delivery of something. 'Welcome' (BSB, NIV, NLT) gets the hospitality and warmth closer.
- How it drifted
The English word 'receive' has narrowed toward accepting or getting something; the older sense of receiving a guest survives mostly in phrases like 'receiving visitors'.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Paul uses the same formula for Phoebe in Romans 16:2: 'welcome her in the Lord in a way worthy of the saints'. That is the standard language of a letter of recommendation, where the writer asks the readers to host and support the bearer. Luke 15:2 has it of Jesus 'receiving' sinners and eating with them, which is welcome at table. BDAG gives the sense 'receive in a friendly manner, welcome'.
- Range of meaning
To receive or welcome (a person or gift); to accept; to wait for or expect.
- Against the English
'Waiting' can sound passive, like waiting in a queue. 'Looking for' (KJV elsewhere, WEB, YLT) catches the active watching better. Neither fully captures the overtone of 'being ready to welcome'.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Luke uses it for the same group of faithful hopers: Anna's circle 'waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem' (2:38), and Joseph of Arimathea, who 'was waiting for the kingdom of God' (23:51; also Mark 15:43). In 12:36 servants are 'waiting for their master' so they can open the door the moment he knocks. In Acts 24:15 it means hoping for the resurrection.
Similar words
Where it appears
Mark · 1
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Mark 15:43 προσδεχόμενος waiting for
Joseph of Arimathea, a prominent Council member who himself was waiting for the kingdom of God, boldly went to Pilate to ask for the body of Jesus.
Here: Active, eager expectation of something one is ready to welcome. It is the word Luke uses for devout people like Simeon and Anna, who were 'looking for' Israel's redemption.
Luke · 5
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Luke 2:25 προσδεχόμενος waiting for
Now there was a man in Jerusalem named Simeon, who was righteous and devout. He was waiting for the consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was upon him.
Here: A present participle: he was continually and actively waiting. The verb also means 'to receive or welcome', so his waiting is that of a host ready to receive an expected arrival, not passive resignation.
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Luke 2:38 προσδεχομένοις waiting for
Coming forward at that moment, she gave thanks to God and spoke about the Child to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem.
Here: Means waiting with expectation and readiness to welcome. The same verb describes Simeon (2:25) and Joseph of Arimathea, who was 'waiting for the kingdom of God' (23:51).
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Luke 12:36 προσδεχομένοις waiting for
Then you will be like servants waiting for their master to return from the wedding banquet, so that when he comes and knocks, they can open the door for him at once.
Here: A present participle: they are continually expecting him and ready to receive him. It is not idle waiting. They are set to welcome him the moment he arrives. Luke uses the same verb for faithful Israelites "looking for" God's promised coming (2:25, 38; 23:51).
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Luke 15:2 προσδέχεται receives
So the Pharisees and scribes began to grumble: “This man welcomes sinners and eats with them.”
Here: To take someone into one's company and accept them, as a host receives guests. The present tense marks it as his habit: 'he keeps welcoming'.
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Luke 23:51 προσεδέχετο he was waiting for
who had not consented to their decision or action. He was from the Judean town of Arimathea and was waiting for the kingdom of God.
Acts · 2
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Acts 23:21 προσδεχόμενοι awaiting
Do not let them persuade you, because more than forty men are waiting to ambush him. They have bound themselves with an oath not to eat or drink until they have killed him; they are ready now, awaiting your consent.”
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Acts 24:15 προσδέχονται, await,
and I have the same hope in God that they themselves cherish, that there will be a resurrection of both the righteous and the wicked.
Here: Present tense: they are waiting for it, looking forward to it, and accept it as true. Luke uses the same verb for devout Israelites 'waiting for' God's promised redemption (Luke 2:25, 38; 23:51).
Romans · 1
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Romans 16:2 προσδέξησθε you may receive
Welcome her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints, and assist her with anything she may need from you. For she has been a great help to many people, including me.
Here: Take her in: open your homes and your gatherings to her as one of your own. The aorist points to a definite act of welcome when she arrives. Paul uses the same verb for receiving Epaphroditus 'in the Lord' (Phil 2:29).
Philippians · 1
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Philippians 2:29 προσδέχεσθε do receive
Welcome him in the Lord with great joy, and honor men like him,
Here: An active, hospitable welcome: taking a person in as a guest and as one of your own. The form is a command to the whole church (plural), and the verb's middle form carries the idea of 'take him to yourselves'.
Titus · 1
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Titus 2:13 προσδεχόμενοι awaiting
as we await the blessed hope and glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ.
Here: Present participle: 'while we keep on waiting for'. It hangs on 'that we should live' in verse 12, so the godly life and the waiting go on together. The word means watchful expectation, ready to welcome what comes, not passive idling.
Hebrews · 2
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Hebrews 10:34 προσεδέξασθε you accepted
You sympathized with those in prison and joyfully accepted the confiscation of your property, knowing that you yourselves had a better and permanent possession.
Here: 'You welcomed.' It is the word for receiving a guest, so it is stronger than 'put up with'. They took the robbery in as if it were something they were glad to receive.
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Hebrews 11:35 προσδεξάμενοι having accepted
Women received back their dead, raised to life again. Others were tortured and refused their release, so that they might gain a better resurrection.
Here: 'Having welcomed.' With 'not' it means they turned down an offer that was actually made to them. The same verb appears in 10:34, where the readers 'accepted' with joy the seizure of their property.
Jude · 1
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Jude 1:21 προσδεχόμενοι awaiting
keep yourselves in the love of God as you await the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ to bring you eternal life.
Here: An ongoing, expectant waiting, the word used of devout Israelites 'waiting for' God's promised rescue (Luke 2:25, 38; Mark 15:43). It describes the posture in which they keep themselves.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.