Hebrew word · H1513
גַּחֶ֫לֶת
gachelet
coal
Live glowing coals, embers. The phrase 'coals of fire' is set language for coals from the altar (Lev 16:12), for the fire that comes from God when he appears (2 Sam 22:9, 13; Ps 18:8, 12), and for judgment (Ps 140:10).
Appears 18 times in 18 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
coal, burning coal, coals of fire, hot coals
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Ezekiel 1:13
- Range of meaning
Live glowing coals, embers. The phrase 'coals of fire' is set language for coals from the altar (Lev 16:12), for the fire that comes from God when he appears (2 Sam 22:9, 13; Ps 18:8, 12), and for judgment (Ps 140:10).
- Against the English
'Burning coals' or 'glowing coals' is accurate. Modern readers may picture a barbecue. The phrase belonged to the sanctuary and to accounts of God appearing.
- Used elsewhere in the period
On the Day of Atonement the high priest takes 'a censer full of coals of fire from the altar before the LORD' (Lev 16:12). Psalm 18 describes God coming down in a storm: 'coals were kindled by it… hail and coals of fire'. Ezek 10:2, 6–7: the man in linen takes 'coals of fire' from between the cherubim and scatters them over Jerusalem.
From the study of Ezekiel 10:2
- Range of meaning
Live coal, glowing ember. It is used for altar coals (Leviticus 16:12), the coals of theophany, when God appears in storm and fire (2 Samuel 22:9, 13 / Psalm 18:8, 12), coals as a curse on the wicked (Psalm 140:10), 'heaping coals' (Proverbs 25:22), and ordinary embers (Proverbs 26:21; Isaiah 44:19).
- Against the English
'Burning coals' and 'coals of fire' are both accurate. These are glowing embers, not unlit lumps of coal.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Ezekiel 1:13 describes the living creatures as looking 'like burning coals of fire, like torches', with fire moving among them. Isaiah 6:6, often linked with this verse, uses a different word (ritspah, a glowing stone or coal) from the altar, and there the coal purifies Isaiah's lips.
From the study of Proverbs 6:28
- Range of meaning
A live, glowing coal or ember. It can mean charcoal burning in a brazier, coals on an altar or hearth, or, in poetry, coals of divine judgment or of fiery glory (e.g. 2 Sam 22:9, 13; Ps 18:8, 12; Ps 140:10). It is distinct from 'esh, the general word for "fire" or flame.
- Against the English
"Hot coals" (BSB, KJV, WEB, YLT) is accurate. The Hebrew word already includes the idea of glowing heat, so "hot" is the translators' way of bringing that out.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The same word appears in Prov 25:21–22 ("heap burning coals on his head") and 26:21 ("as charcoal to embers... so is a quarrelsome man"). It is used for altar coals in Lev 16:12 and Ezek 10:2, and for a family's last surviving "coal" (heir) in 2 Sam 14:7. The Greek Septuagint renders it anthrakes ("coals").
Where it appears
Leviticus · 1
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Leviticus 16:12 גַּֽחֲלֵי־ coals of
Then he must take a censer full of burning coals from the altar before the LORD, and two handfuls of finely ground fragrant incense, and take them inside the veil.
Here: Glowing embers. Together with the next word ('coals of fire') it means live, burning coals taken from the altar fire.
2 Samuel · 3
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2 Samuel 14:7 גַּֽחַלְתִּי֙ coal my
Now the whole clan has risen up against your maidservant and said, ‘Hand over the one who struck down his brother, that we may put him to death for the life of the brother whom he killed. Then we will cut off the heir as well!’ So they would extinguish my one remaining ember by not preserving my husband’s name or posterity on the earth.”
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2 Samuel 22:9 גֶּחָלִ֖ים coals
Smoke rose from His nostrils, and consuming fire came from His mouth; glowing coals blazed forth.
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2 Samuel 22:13 גַּחֲלֵי־ coals of
From the brightness of His presence coals of fire blazed forth.
Job · 1
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Job 41:21 גֶּחָלִ֣ים coals
His breath sets coals ablaze, and flames pour from his mouth.
Psalms · 5
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Psalm 18:8 גֶּ֝חָלִ֗ים coals
Smoke rose from His nostrils, and consuming fire came from His mouth; glowing coals blazed forth.
Here: Live coals: the glowing embers of an altar or a furnace. They come back in v. 12 as 'coals of fire' falling with the hail, and recall the coals around God's throne-chariot in Ezekiel 1:13.
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Psalm 18:12 וְגַֽחֲלֵי־ and coals of
From the brightness of His presence His clouds advanced—hailstones and coals of fire.
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Psalm 18:13 וְגַֽחֲלֵי־ and coals of
The LORD thundered from heaven; the voice of the Most High resounded—hailstones and coals of fire.
Here: “And coals of…”: live, glowing embers. Joined to “fire,” the phrase most likely pictures lightning bolts as burning coals thrown from the cloud. Verse 8 has already used the same image for coals blazing from God.
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Psalm 120:4 גַּחֲלֵ֥י burning coals of
Sharp arrows will come from the warrior, with burning coals of the broom tree!
Here: "Coals of": live, glowing embers rather than open flame. In the Psalms, burning coals raining down are an image of God judging the wicked (Ps 11:6; 18:12–13; 140:10). The phrase holds the heat of judgment and the steady burn of embers together.
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Psalm 140:10 גֶּֽחָ֫לִ֥ים burning coals
May burning coals fall on them; may they be thrown into the fire, into the miry pits, never to rise again.
Here: Live, glowing embers. In the Psalms these are the burning coals that come with God's appearing in storm and fire (Ps 18:12–13) and the fire that rains on the wicked (Ps 11:6).
Proverbs · 3
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Proverbs 6:28 הַגֶּחָלִ֑ים <the> burning coals
Can a man walk on hot coals without scorching his feet?
Here: Coals that are glowing and live: the charcoal of a household brazier or cooking fire. The article ("the coals") points to a familiar everyday object, not to anything exotic.
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Proverbs 25:22 גֶֽחָלִ֗ים burning coals
For in so doing, you will heap burning coals on his head, and the LORD will reward you.
Here: Live, glowing coals, not unlit charcoal. The word is placed first in the clause for emphasis: 'Coals! That is what you are putting on his head.' Elsewhere in the Bible these coals burn in judgment and also purify, so the image is painful and also strangely productive.
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Proverbs 26:21 לְ֭גֶחָלִים to burning coals
Like charcoal for embers and wood for fire, so is a quarrelsome man for kindling strife.
Here: Live, red-hot coals. 'To embers' means charcoal added to coals that are already burning, so they keep going and get hotter.
Isaiah · 2
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Isaiah 44:19 גֶּחָלָיו֙ coals its
And no one considers in his heart, no one has the knowledge or insight to say, “I burned half of it in the fire, and I baked bread on its coals; I roasted meat and I ate. Shall I make something detestable with the rest of it? Shall I bow down to a block of wood?”
Here: 'Its coals': glowing embers left by the burned half. The image is a cooking fire.
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Isaiah 47:14 גַּחֶ֣לֶת [will be] coal
Surely they are like stubble; the fire will burn them up. They cannot deliver themselves from the power of the flame. There will be no coals to warm them or fire to sit beside.
Here: The glowing coal of a settled household fire, the useful kind you cook on and warm your hands at. This fire does not offer even one.
Ezekiel · 3
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Ezekiel 1:13 כְּגַחֲלֵי־ [was] like coals of
In the midst of the living creatures was the appearance of glowing coals of fire, or of torches. Fire moved back and forth between the living creatures; it was bright, and lightning flashed out of it.
Here: Live, glowing coals, the kind carried in a censer from the altar (Lev 16:12). The same 'coals of fire' are taken from between the cherubim in 10:2 and thrown on Jerusalem.
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Ezekiel 10:2 גַֽחֲלֵי־ coals of
And the LORD said to the man clothed in linen, “Go inside the wheelwork beneath the cherubim. Fill your hands with burning coals from among the cherubim and scatter them over the city.” And as I watched, he went in.
Here: Live, glowing embers. In 1:13 the living creatures (here identified as cherubim) looked 'like burning coals of fire', so these coals come from the fire that belongs to God's throne itself.
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Ezekiel 24:11 גֶּחָלֶ֖יהָ burning coals its
Set the empty pot on its coals until it becomes hot and its copper glows. Then its impurity will melt within; its rust will be consumed.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.