Hebrew word · H2441
חֵךְ
chiki
palate
The palate or roof of the mouth. As the organ of taste: "Does not the palate taste food?" (Job 12:11), and honey "sweet to your palate" (Prov 24:13). As the organ of speech: "my palate utters truth" (Prov 8:7), and "the palate" for one's words (Job 6:30; 31:30).
Appears 18 times in 18 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
mouth, palate, taste, gums
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Proverbs 5:3
- Range of meaning
The palate or roof of the mouth. As the organ of taste: "Does not the palate taste food?" (Job 12:11), and honey "sweet to your palate" (Prov 24:13). As the organ of speech: "my palate utters truth" (Prov 8:7), and "the palate" for one's words (Job 6:30; 31:30). In love poetry, the mouth's sweetness: "his palate is sweetness itself" (Song 5:16), "your palate like the best wine" (Song 7:9).
- Against the English
KJV, WEB and YLT have "mouth." BSB, NIV and ESV have "speech," which reads the metaphor correctly but loses the physical organ and its link to taste and honey.
- Used elsewhere in the period
In Proverbs 8:7, personified Wisdom says, "my ḥēk utters truth." The outsider woman's ḥēk produces smoothness. Proverbs 1–9 deliberately sets the two voices against each other.
From the study of Psalm 119:103
- Range of meaning
Palate, roof of the mouth, gums. It is the organ of taste (Job 12:11; 34:3, "the ear tests words as the palate tastes food"). It is also an organ of speech (Prov 8:7, "my palate utters truth"; Job 6:30) and stands for the speech itself (Song 5:16, "his palate is sweetness").
- Against the English
BSB, KJV, ESV and NIV give "taste". YLT gives "palate". "Taste" is fine, but in modern English "to my taste" often means "to my liking, my preference". The Hebrew names a physical part of the mouth.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Job 12:11 and 34:3 already use palate-tasting as a figure for judging words, the idea that the mind "tastes" speech as the mouth tastes food. Hebrew ṭaʿam, "taste", also means "discernment, good judgment" (1 Sam 25:33; Ps 119:66, "teach me good judgment").
From the study of Song of Songs 5:16
- Range of meaning
The palate, the roof or inside of the mouth. It is the organ of taste (Job 12:11; 34:3, "the palate tastes food"; Ps 119:103) and also of speech (Job 6:30; Prov 8:7, "my palate utters truth"; Prov 5:3, the forbidden woman's "palate is smoother than oil," meaning her smooth talk).
- Against the English
Most versions say "mouth," which is reasonable. NRSV says "speech," which commits to one side of the ambiguity. "Mouth" keeps both possibilities but loses the specific idea of taste that "palate" carries.
- Used elsewhere in the period
In the Song itself: "his fruit was sweet to my palate" (2:3); "your palate like the best wine" (7:9 [7:10 Hebrew]), in a context of kissing. The Septuagint uses φάρυγξ, "throat."
Where it appears
Job · 7
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Job 6:30 חִ֝כִּ֗י palate my
Is there iniquity on my tongue? Can my mouth not discern malice?
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Job 12:11 וְ֝חֵ֗ךְ and a palate
Does not the ear test words as the tongue tastes its food?
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Job 20:13 חִכּֽוֹ׃ mouth his
though he cannot bear to let it go and keeps it in his mouth,
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Job 29:10 לְחִכָּ֥ם to palate their
The voices of the nobles were hushed, and their tongues stuck to the roofs of their mouths.
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Job 31:30 חִכִּ֑י palate my
I have not allowed my mouth to sin by asking for his life with a curse—
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Job 33:2 בְחִכִּֽי׃ on palate my
Behold, I will open my mouth; my address is on the tip of my tongue.
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Job 34:3 וְ֝חֵ֗ךְ and [the] palate
For the ear tests words as the mouth tastes food.
Here: The palate, the organ of taste. In Job it also stands for the organ that discerns and speaks (Job 6:30), so it is a natural partner to the ear as an instrument of judgment.
Psalms · 2
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Psalm 119:103 לְ֭חִכִּי to palate my
How sweet are Your words to my taste—sweeter than honey in my mouth!
Here: "To my palate": the physical organ of taste (Job 12:11, "as the palate tastes food"). The picture is bodily. God's word is something rolled around in the mouth and savoured, not just something agreed with.
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Psalm 137:6 לְחִכִּי֮ to palate my
May my tongue cling to the roof of my mouth if I do not remember you, if I do not exalt Jerusalem as my greatest joy!
Here: 'To my palate.' A tongue stuck to the roof of the mouth is the Hebrew picture of being struck dumb, or of thirst so bad you cannot speak (Lam 4:4; Ezek 3:26).
Proverbs · 3
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Proverbs 5:3 חִכָּֽהּ׃ mouth her
Though the lips of the forbidden woman drip honey and her speech is smoother than oil,
Here: "Her palate" is the inside of the mouth. It is where things are tasted (24:13, honey "sweet to your palate") and where speech comes from (8:7, "my palate utters truth"). Honey and palate together make a taste picture. Verse 4 finishes it: sweet in the mouth, wormwood in the end.
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Proverbs 8:7 חִכִּ֑י palate my
For my mouth will speak the truth, and wickedness is detestable to my lips.
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Proverbs 24:13 חִכֶּֽךָ׃ palate your
Eat honey, my son, for it is good, and the honeycomb is sweet to your taste.
Here: "Your palate": the organ of taste, and in Hebrew also the organ of speech (Prov 8:7). This sets up the move in v.14 from the mouth tasting to the inner self (nefesh) taking in wisdom.
Song of Songs · 3
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Song of Songs 2:3 לְחִכִּֽי׃ to palate my
Like an apple tree among the trees of the forest is my beloved among the young men. I delight to sit in his shade, and his fruit is sweet to my taste.
Here: 'To my palate': the mouth as the place where we taste. Elsewhere in the Song the same word is used for the mouth that kisses (5:16; 7:9), which deepens the image.
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Song of Songs 5:16 חִכּוֹ֙ mouth his
His mouth is most sweet; he is altogether lovely. This is my beloved, and this is my friend, O daughters of Jerusalem.
Here: "His palate": the inside of the mouth, where things are tasted. In the Song it is where kisses and wine are tasted (1:2; 2:3; 7:9). Here it most likely means his kisses, though the same word can also stand for speech.
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Song of Songs 7:9 וְחִכֵּ֕ךְ and mouth your
and your mouth like the finest wine. May it flow smoothly to my beloved, gliding gently over lips and teeth.
Lamentations · 1
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Lamentations 4:4 חכּ֖וֹ palate its
The nursing infant’s tongue clings in thirst to the roof of his mouth. Little children beg for bread, but no one gives them any.
Ezekiel · 1
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Ezekiel 3:26 חִכֶּ֔ךָ palate your
I will make your tongue stick to the roof of your mouth, and you will be silent and unable to rebuke them, though they are a rebellious house.
Here: The roof of the mouth. In Hebrew it is also linked with taste and with speaking (Proverbs 8:7, 'my palate utters truth'). A tongue stuck to it cannot form words. This is a stock biblical picture of being struck speechless.
Hosea · 1
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Hosea 8:1 חִכְּךָ֣ mouth your
Put the ram’s horn to your lips! An eagle looms over the house of the LORD, because the people have transgressed My covenant and rebelled against My law.
Here: Literally 'your palate', the inside of the mouth, not the lips. It is a vivid, physical way of saying 'put the horn right in your mouth and blow'. 'Your' is masculine singular: probably the prophet or a lookout is being told to sound the alarm.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.