כַּ֫עַס

Deuteronomy 32:19 מִכַּ֥עַס from [the] provocation of

When the LORD saw this, He rejected them, provoked to anger by His sons and daughters.

Here: The prefix 'from' gives the cause: because of the vexation. Ka'as means hurt, galling vexation, the sort of anger that grief and insult produce. Here it is the vexation his children caused him, and it echoes v. 16 ('they vexed him with abominations') and v. 21 ('they vexed me with their empty idols').

Deuteronomy 32:27 כַּ֤עַס [the] provocation of

if I had not dreaded the taunt of the enemy, lest their adversaries misunderstand and say: ‘Our own hand has prevailed; it was not the LORD who did all this.’”

Here: The goading or taunting an enemy would throw at God. The same root was used in vv.16, 19 and 21 for Israel 'provoking' God with idols, so the word turns back on itself: Israel's provocation brought judgment, and the enemy's provocation is what holds it back.

1 Samuel 1:6 כַּ֔עַס provocation

Because the LORD had closed Hannah’s womb, her rival would provoke her viciously to taunt her.

1 Samuel 1:16 וְכַעְסִ֖י and provocation my

Do not take your servant for a wicked woman, for all this time I have been praying out of the depth of my anguish and grief.”

1 Kings 15:30 בְּכַעְס֕וֹ by provocation his

because of the sins Jeroboam had committed and had caused Israel to commit, and because he had provoked the LORD, the God of Israel, to anger.

1 Kings 21:22 הַכַּ֙עַס֙ the provocation

I will make your house like that of Jeroboam son of Nebat and like that of Baasha son of Ahijah, because you have provoked My anger and caused Israel to sin.’

2 Kings 23:26 הַכְּעָסִ֔ים the provocations

Nevertheless, the LORD did not turn away from the fury of His burning anger, which was kindled against Judah because of all that Manasseh had done to provoke Him to anger.

Job 5:2 כָּ֑עַשׂ vexation

For resentment kills a fool, and envy slays the simple.

Here: The fool's own churning mix of irritation, grief and resentment. Job uses a spelling with ś (שׂ) where the rest of the Bible spells it with s (ס). This is the word Job throws back in 6:2: "Oh, that my ka'as could be weighed!"

Job 6:2 כַּעְשִׂ֑י grief my

“If only my grief could be weighed and placed with my calamity on the scales.

Job 10:17 כַּֽ֭עַשְׂךָ vexation your

You produce new witnesses against me and multiply Your anger toward me. Hardships assault me in wave after wave.

Job 17:7 מִכַּ֣עַשׂ from grief

My eyes have grown dim with grief, and my whole body is but a shadow.

Psalm 6:7 מִכַּ֣עַס from grief

My eyes fail from grief; they grow dim because of all my foes.

Psalm 10:14 וָכַ֨עַס׀ and vexation

But You have regarded trouble and grief; You see to repay it by Your hand. The victim entrusts himself to You; You are the helper of the fatherless.

Here: The galling, provoking distress that the oppression produces. It is anger and grief together, the hurt of being wronged.

Psalm 31:9 בְכַ֥עַס with grief

Be merciful to me, O LORD, for I am in distress; my eyes fail from sorrow, my soul and body as well.

Here: 'With/from vexation.' It is the agitated pain of being provoked, wronged or tormented, not just quiet sadness. It is the word for Hannah's anguish under Peninnah's taunting (1 Samuel 1:16) and for the grief that dims Job's eye (Job 17:7).

Psalm 85:4 כַּֽעַסְךָ֣ anger your

Restore us, O God of our salvation, and put away Your displeasure toward us.

Here: 'your vexation'. This is anger that has been provoked, the hurt indignation of someone wronged. The Bible often uses it for God's reaction to Israel's unfaithfulness. It is softer and more personal than the 'burning anger' (literally 'nose-heat') of verse 3.

Proverbs 12:16 כַּעְס֑וֹ anger his

A fool’s anger is known at once, but a prudent man overlooks an insult.

Here: The irritation, hurt and provoked anger a person feels after being slighted. It is less "rage" than "being riled", the sting that wants an outlet.

Proverbs 17:25 כַּ֣עַס [is] grief

A foolish son brings grief to his father and bitterness to her who bore him.

Proverbs 21:19 וָכָֽעַס׃ and anger

Better to live in the desert than with a contentious and ill-tempered wife.

Here: 'And vexation'. The word covers both irritability and the misery it causes others, the state of being constantly provoked. It can describe her temper, the grief she causes the household, or both.

Proverbs 27:3 וְכַ֥עַס and [the] provocation of

A stone is heavy and sand is a burden, but aggravation from a fool outweighs them both.

Ecclesiastes 1:18 כָּ֑עַס frustration

For with much wisdom comes much sorrow, and as knowledge grows, grief increases.

Here: The agitated, galling distress of being provoked by what you cannot change. It is closer to frustration and exasperation than to quiet sadness or mourning.

Ecclesiastes 2:23 וָכַ֙עַס֙ and [is] vexation

Indeed, all his days are filled with grief, and his task is sorrowful; even at night, his mind does not rest. This too is futile.

Here: "And vexation": the irritated, troubled frustration of someone who is provoked and cannot fix what provokes him. It is not mainly anger at a person.

Ecclesiastes 7:3 כַּ֖עַס vexation

Sorrow is better than laughter, for a sad countenance is good for the heart.

Here: The thing called 'better'. It is not calm sadness. It is the sting of being troubled: grief, frustration and irritation together. In this context the trigger is the house of mourning (v. 2), so the grief side of the word is uppermost here.

Ecclesiastes 7:9 כַ֔עַס anger

Do not be quickly provoked in your spirit, for anger settles in the lap of a fool.

Here: The noun from the same root as the verb just used. Repeating the root ties the clauses together: the quick vexation of the first line becomes the settled vexation of the second.

Ecclesiastes 11:10 כַּ֙עַס֙ vexation

So banish sorrow from your heart, and cast off pain from your body, for youth and vigor are fleeting.

Here: The fretting, galling inner upset that Qohelet (the book's speaker, 'the Teacher') keeps tying to toil and to too much brooding (1:18; 2:23). It covers what we would call frustration, resentment and grief together. It is narrower than plain 'sadness'.

Ezekiel 20:28 כַּ֣עַס [the] provocation of

When I brought them into the land that I swore to give them and they saw any high hill or leafy tree, there they offered their sacrifices, presented offerings that provoked Me, sent up their fragrant incense, and poured out their drink offerings.

Here: Grief and anger stirred up by an offence. 'The vexation of their offering' means an offering that was itself an insult that angered God.