לְאֹם

Genesis 25:23 לְאֻמִּ֔ים וּלְאֹם֙ מִלְאֹ֣ם peoples, and a people, more than a people

and He declared to her: “Two nations are in your womb, and two peoples from within you will be separated; one people will be stronger than the other, and the older will serve the younger.”

Here: 'Peoples': a poetic word used almost entirely in verse, chiefly in Psalms and Isaiah. It pairs with goyim (nations) the way English poetry might pair 'nations' and 'peoples'. Its presence marks this speech as formal oracle-poetry.

Genesis 27:29 לְאֻמִּ֔ים peoples

May peoples serve you and nations bow down to you. May you be the master of your brothers, and may the sons of your mother bow down to you. May those who curse you be cursed, and those who bless you be blessed.”

Here: A poetic word for 'peoples' that pairs with 'ammim. It is the same word God uses in Genesis 25:23 ('two peoples from your womb'), so the blessing quietly picks up that oracle.

Psalm 2:1 וּ֝לְאֻמִּ֗ים and peoples

Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain?

Here: A mostly poetic word for 'peoples' or 'populations', used as a parallel to gôyim. The pairing widens the picture: every people on earth, not only one rebel state.

Psalm 7:7 לְ֭אֻמִּים nations

Let the assembled peoples gather around You; take Your seat over them on high.

Psalm 9:8 לְ֝אֻמִּ֗ים [the] nations

He judges the world with justice; He governs the people with equity.

Here: A poetic, plural word for population groups and nations. It matches "world" in the first half-line: every people, foreign ones included, stands before this judge. The preposition le- marks the people He gives verdicts to or for.

Psalm 44:2 לְ֝אֻמִּ֗ים peoples

With Your hand You drove out the nations and planted our fathers there; You crushed the peoples and cast them out.

Here: A poetic synonym for 'nations', paired with gôyim in the first half of the verse. Same peoples, different word, in normal Hebrew parallelism.

Psalm 47:3 וּ֝לְאֻמִּ֗ים and peoples

He subdues nations beneath us, and peoples under our feet.

Here: A poetic word for peoples or populations, found almost only in poetry. It repeats the idea of 'peoples' in the first half of the line, a pairing that is standard in Hebrew verse.

Psalm 65:7 לְאֻמִּֽים׃ [the] peoples

You stilled the roaring of the seas, the pounding of their waves, and the tumult of the nations.

Here: A poetic word for whole peoples or nations as groups, often hostile or restless ones (compare Ps 2:1). Here they are the human counterpart of the raging sea.

Psalm 67:4 לְאֻ֫מִּ֥ים וּלְאֻמִּ֓ים׀ nations, and nations

Let the nations be glad and sing for joy, for You judge the peoples justly and lead the nations of the earth. Selah

Here: 'Nations', the subject of both verbs. The opening l- is part of the word itself. It is not the preposition 'to', so the line does not mean 'to the nations'. This is a poetic word for whole peoples as groups.

Psalm 105:44 לְאֻמִּ֣ים peoples

He gave them the lands of the nations, that they might inherit the fruit of others’ labor,

Here: A poetic word for 'peoples' that matches 'nations' in the first half of the line. It refers to the same groups seen from a different angle and adds no new group.

Psalm 148:11 לְאֻמִּ֑ים peoples of

kings of the earth and all peoples, princes and all rulers of the earth,

Here: A poetic word for nations or populations, mostly found in poetry and prophecy. Here it stands beside the kings: the rulers and the people they rule are called together.

Proverbs 11:26 לְא֑וֹם a people

The people will curse the hoarder of grain, but blessing will crown the one who sells it.

Here: A poetic word for 'people,' usually plural ('peoples, nations'). Here the singular is used as a collective: 'the populace,' the public at large. The hoarder's reputation is not ruined by one angry customer. The whole community turns against him.

Proverbs 14:28 לְ֝אֹ֗ם a people

A large population is a king’s splendor, but a lack of subjects is a prince’s ruin.

Proverbs 14:34 לְאֻמִּ֣ים to a people

Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a disgrace to any people.

Here: A poetic word for 'peoples' that pairs with goy. The plural makes the saying universal ('to peoples', so 'to any people'), and the prefix le- means 'to' or 'for': sin becomes a disgrace belonging to them.

Proverbs 24:24 לְאֻמִּֽים׃ nations

Whoever tells the guilty, “You are innocent”—peoples will curse him, and nations will denounce him;

Isaiah 17:12 לְאֻמִּ֔ים nations

Alas, the tumult of many peoples; they rage like the roaring seas and clamoring nations; they rumble like the crashing of mighty waters.

Here: A poetic word for peoples, paired with ʿammîm to add weight. It says the same thing again with more force.

Isaiah 17:13 לְאֻמִּ֗ים nations

The nations rage like the rush of many waters. He rebukes them, and they flee far away, driven before the wind like chaff on the hills, like tumbleweeds before a gale.

Here: A poetic word for peoples as massed populations. Put first for emphasis: 'Nations!' — the subject that fills the stage before the verb arrives.

Isaiah 34:1 וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים and O peoples

Come near, O nations, to listen; pay attention, O peoples. Let the earth hear, and all that fills it, the world and all that springs from it.

Here: 'And peoples!' A poetic word that pairs with goyim. It adds no new group; it widens the call to every population there is.

Isaiah 41:1 וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים and peoples

“Be silent before Me, O islands, and let the peoples renew their strength. Let them come forward and testify; let us together draw near for judgment.

Here: “And peoples.” A poetic word for nations that pairs with “coastlands.” Together they summon all the world’s peoples, not just Israel.

Isaiah 43:4 וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים and peoples

Because you are precious and honored in My sight, and because I love you, I will give men in exchange for you and nations in place of your life.

Here: "And peoples." A poetic word for nations that matches "humankind" in the first half of the line and widens it from individual people to whole peoples.

Isaiah 43:9 לְאֻמִּ֔ים peoples

All the nations gather together and the peoples assemble. Who among them can declare this, and proclaim to us the former things? Let them present their witnesses to vindicate them, so that others may hear and say, “It is true.”

Here: This is a poetic word that pairs with 'nations'. It repeats the idea and stresses how wide the summons reaches: every population.

Isaiah 49:1 לְאֻמִּ֖ים O peoples

Listen to Me, O islands; pay attention, O distant peoples: The LORD called Me from the womb; from the body of My mother He named Me.

Here: A poetic word for whole peoples or nations, not individual persons. It matches 'coastlands' in the parallel line, so the audience is the non-Israelite world.

Isaiah 51:4 וּלְאוּמִּ֖י and O nation my

Pay attention to Me, My people, and listen to Me, My nation; for a law will go out from Me, and My justice will become a light to the nations; I will bring it about quickly.

Here: A poetic word for "nation" that elsewhere almost always refers to foreign peoples. Calling Israel "my lĕʾōm" here is unusual, and it may already lean toward the wider world that the second half of the verse names.

Isaiah 55:4 לְאוּמִּ֖ים לְאֻמִּֽים׃ peoples

Behold, I have made him a witness to the nations, a leader and commander of the peoples.

Here: A poetic word for peoples, here the foreign nations rather than Israel. The plural matters: David's role reaches beyond his own people. The word is linked to 'witness' as 'a witness of/to the peoples'.

Isaiah 60:2 לְאֻמִּ֑ים peoples

For behold, darkness covers the earth, and thick darkness is over the peoples; but the LORD will rise upon you, and His glory will appear over you.

Here: A poetic word for the peoples of the world. It stands in parallel with "nations" (gôyim) in v.3, the same peoples who will come walking toward Zion's light. The verb "covers" carries over from the first line, so the sense is "[covers] the peoples."

Jeremiah 51:58 וּלְאֻמִּ֥ים and peoples

This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Babylon’s thick walls will be leveled, and her high gates consumed by fire. So the labor of the people will be for nothing; the nations will exhaust themselves to fuel the flames.”

Here: 'And nations.' A more poetic synonym that pairs with 'peoples', a pairing common in Hebrew verse.

Habakkuk 2:13 וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים and nations

Is it not indeed from the LORD of Hosts that the labor of the people only feeds the fire, and the nations weary themselves in vain?

Here: A poetic partner for 'peoples' (ʿammîm). The pair repeats the same idea in another word, so every population under the empire is in view.