Hebrew word · H3895

לְחִי

lechi-

jaw

Jaw, jawbone, cheek. In idioms it appears in striking someone on the cheek, a public insult (1 Kgs 22:24; Mic 5:1), and a hook in the jaw, an image of control (Isa 30:28; Ezek 29:4). As a place name, Lehi means "Jaw" and probably described a ridge or outcrop.

Appears 21 times in 20 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) jaw, cheek

1a) jaw, jawbone (of animal)

1b) cheek (of man)

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Judges 15:15

Range of meaning

Jaw, jawbone, cheek. In idioms it appears in striking someone on the cheek, a public insult (1 Kgs 22:24; Mic 5:1), and a hook in the jaw, an image of control (Isa 30:28; Ezek 29:4). As a place name, Lehi means "Jaw" and probably described a ridge or outcrop.

Against the English

English translations must choose between "jawbone" for the weapon and the untranslated "Lehi" for the place, so readers lose the fact that it is a single word.

Used elsewhere in the period

The place appears as Lehi in Judg 15:9, 14, 19, and as Ramath-lehi ("Jawbone Height") in v. 17. 2 Samuel 23:11 probably refers to the same area (often emended to read "at Lehi").

From the study of Isaiah 50:6

Range of meaning

leḥî: jaw, jawbone, cheek (Judg 15:15–16, Samson's 'jawbone'). mārāṭ: to make smooth or bare. It is used of polishing a sword (Ezek 21:9–11), of a shoulder rubbed raw (Ezek 29:18), of hair falling out (Lev 13:40–41), and of tearing out hair (Ezra 9:3; Neh 13:25).

Against the English

KJV and WEB say 'plucked off the hair', which is literal but does not name the beard. BSB, NIV, ESV and NASB supply 'beard', which is a correct reading of the implied object. YLT's 'those plucking out' leaves the object out, as the Hebrew does.

How it drifted

A modern reader may picture only physical pain. In Israel and the wider Near East the beard was a man's honour. Pulling it out was humiliation as much as injury.

Used elsewhere in the period

In 2 Sam 10:4–5 the Ammonite king shaved off half the beards of David's envoys. The men were so disgraced that they stayed in Jericho until the beards grew back, and the insult started a war. Ezra tore his own beard in grief (Ezra 9:3). Nehemiah 'pulled out the hair' of men who broke the covenant, as a public punishment (Neh 13:25).

From the study of Micah 5:1

Range of meaning

The jaw or jawbone (of a person or animal) and the cheek.

Against the English

'Cheek' is fine. A modern reader may hear only physical violence and miss that striking the cheek was a formal act of contempt.

Used elsewhere in the period

1 Kings 22:24 (the court prophet Zedekiah strikes the prophet Micaiah on the cheek to discredit him); Job 16:10 ('they strike my cheeks in scorn'); Lamentations 3:30 ('let him give his cheek to the one who strikes'); Isaiah 50:6 ('my cheeks to those who pull out the beard'); Psalm 3:7 (God strikes enemies on the jaw).

Where it appears

Deuteronomy · 1
  1. Deuteronomy 18:3 וְהַלְּחָיַ֖יִם and the two cheeks

    This shall be the priests’ share from the people who offer a sacrifice, whether a bull or a sheep: the priests are to be given the shoulder, the jowls, and the stomach.

Judges · 5
  1. Judges 15:15 לְחִֽי־ a jawbone of

    He found the fresh jawbone of a donkey, reached out his hand and took it, and struck down a thousand men.

    Here: The lower jawbone. It is also the name of the place where the fight happens, Lehi ("Jaw", v. 14), so the weapon and the location share one word, and the storyteller plays on this all through the episode (vv. 9, 14, 16, 17, 19).

  2. Judges 15:16 בִּלְחִ֣י בִּלְחִ֣י with [the] jawbone of

    Then Samson said: “With the jawbone of a donkey I have piled them into heaps. With the jawbone of a donkey I have slain a thousand men.”

    Here: 'With' is the Hebrew preposition be-, used here for the tool he used. Leḥi means jaw or jawbone. It is also the name of the place where this happens (Lehi, vv. 9, 14), so 'jaw' already carries a pun on the place.

  3. Judges 15:17 הַלְּחִ֖י the jawbone

    And when Samson had finished speaking, he cast the jawbone from his hand; and he named that place Ramath-lehi.

  4. Judges 15:19 בַּלֶּ֗חִי [is] at <the> Lehi

    So God opened up the hollow place in Lehi, and water came out of it. When Samson drank, his strength returned, and he was revived. That is why he named it En-hakkore, and it remains in Lehi to this day.

1 Kings · 1
  1. 1 Kings 22:24 הַלֶּ֑חִי the cheek

    Then Zedekiah son of Chenaanah went up, struck Micaiah in the face, and demanded, “Which way did the Spirit of the LORD go when He departed from me to speak with you?”

    Here: The side of the face and jaw (the same word as Samson's 'jawbone' in Judges 15). In Israel a blow here was a classic act of humiliation (Job 16:10; Lamentations 3:30; Micah 5:1).

2 Chronicles · 1
  1. 2 Chronicles 18:23 הַלֶּ֑חִי the cheek

    Then Zedekiah son of Chenaanah went up, struck Micaiah in the face, and demanded, “Which way did the Spirit of the LORD go when He departed from me to speak with you?”

Job · 2
  1. Job 16:10 לְחָיָ֑י cheeks my

    They open their mouths against me and strike my cheeks with contempt; they join together against me.

    Here: "My cheeks" or "my jaws." The form is the one Hebrew uses for paired body parts. A blow to the cheek was a recognised public insult, so Job has been treated as someone of no standing.

  2. Job 41:2 לֶֽחֱיוֹ׃ jaw its

    Can you put a cord through his nose or pierce his jaw with a hook?

Psalms · 1
  1. Psalm 3:7 לֶ֑חִי jaw

    Arise, O LORD! Save me, O my God! Strike all my enemies on the jaw; break the teeth of the wicked.

    Here: 'On the jaw/cheek': where the blow lands. Being struck on the cheek was a public humiliation in Israel's world, and a blow to the jaw also leaves the mouth broken and silent.

Song of Songs · 2
  1. Song of Songs 1:10 לְחָיַ֙יִךְ֙ cheeks your

    Your cheeks are beautiful with ornaments, your neck with strings of jewels.

    Here: 'Your two cheeks'. The ending is feminine, so a man is speaking to a woman. The word covers the whole jaw and side of the face, which is where pendants from a headdress or the cheek-straps of a horse's bridle would hang.

  2. Song of Songs 5:13 לְחָיָו֙ cheeks his

    His cheeks are like beds of spice, towers of perfume. His lips are like lilies, dripping with flowing myrrh.

Isaiah · 2
  1. Isaiah 30:28 לְחָיֵ֥י [the] jaws of

    His breath is like a rushing torrent that rises to the neck. He comes to sift the nations in a sieve of destruction; He bridles the jaws of the peoples to lead them astray.

    Here: The jaws (the form is a dual, meaning a pair, joined to the next word): the two sides of the mouth where the bit and cheek-straps sit. It continues the body language: neck, then jaws.

  2. Isaiah 50:6 וּלְחָיַ֖י and cheeks my

    I offered My back to those who struck Me, and My cheeks to those who tore out My beard. I did not hide My face from scorn and spittle.

    Here: 'And my cheeks,' both of them (the form is dual, meaning a pair). This is the jaw and cheek area where the beard grows. Being struck on the cheek was a classic insult (1 Kgs 22:24; Mic 5:1; Lam 3:30).

Lamentations · 2
  1. Lamentations 1:2 לֶֽחֱיָ֔הּ cheek her

    She weeps aloud in the night, with tears upon her cheeks. Among all her lovers there is no one to comfort her. All her friends have betrayed her; they have become her enemies.

    Here: 'Her cheek' (singular in Hebrew). An intimate, close-up detail: the poet moves from a whole ruined city to one wet face.

  2. Lamentations 3:30 לֶ֖חִי a cheek

    Let him offer his cheek to the one who would strike him; let him be filled with reproach.

    Here: "A cheek" or "jaw." The word covers the whole side of the face down to the jawbone (it is used of Samson's donkey jawbone, Judges 15:15). A blow to the cheek was the classic insult in Israel (1 Kings 22:24; Micah 5:1; Job 16:10). It is singular, with no "other": the line is about taking the blow, not about inviting a second one.

Ezekiel · 2
  1. Ezekiel 29:4 בִּלְחָיֶ֔יךָ in jaws your

    But I will put hooks in your jaws and cause the fish of your streams to cling to your scales. I will haul you up out of your rivers, and all the fish of your streams will cling to your scales.

  2. Ezekiel 38:4 בִּלְחָיֶ֑יךָ in jaws your

    I will turn you around, put hooks in your jaws, and bring you out with all your army—your horses, your horsemen in full armor, and a great company armed with shields and bucklers, all brandishing their swords.

Hosea · 1
  1. Hosea 11:4 לְחֵיהֶ֑ם jaws their

    I led them with cords of kindness, with ropes of love; I lifted the yoke from their necks and bent down to feed them.

    Here: The jaw or cheek. For an ox this is the head and neck area where the yoke and halter sit. On the infant reading it is the parent's cheek, held up for a kiss.

Micah · 1
  1. Micah 5:1 הַלְּחִ֔י the cheek

    Now, O daughter of troops, mobilize your troops; for a siege is laid against us! With a rod they will strike the cheek of the judge of Israel.

    Here: 'The cheek/jaw'. A blow to the cheek was the classic act of public contempt in Israel (1 Kings 22:24; Job 16:10; Lamentations 3:30), an insult as much as an injury.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.