Hebrew word · H4161
מוֹצָא
motza'
exit
'A place or act of going out', from yatsa, 'to go out'. It can mean an exit or gate (Ezek 42:11), the rising of the sun (Ps 19:6), an utterance, 'what goes out of the mouth' (Deut 8:3), or the source or outflow of water: a spring (2 Kgs 2:21, Isa 58:11).
Appears 27 times in 26 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) act or place of going out or forth, issue, export, source, spring
1a) a going forth
1a1) rising (sun), going forth of a command
1a2) goings forth, those going forth
1a3) way out, exit
1b) that which goes forth
1b1) utterance
1b2) export
1c) place of going forth
1c1) source or spring (of water)
1c2) place of departure
1c3) east (of sun)
1c4) mine (of silver)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Isaiah 41:18
- Range of meaning
'A place or act of going out', from yatsa, 'to go out'. It can mean an exit or gate (Ezek 42:11), the rising of the sun (Ps 19:6), an utterance, 'what goes out of the mouth' (Deut 8:3), or the source or outflow of water: a spring (2 Kgs 2:21, Isa 58:11).
- Against the English
KJV/WEB 'springs of water'; BSB 'flowing springs'. All are accurate. 'Flowing' in BSB brings out the movement in the Hebrew picture of water 'going out'.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Ps 107:35 has the same phrase, 'dry land into springs of water' (môṣāʾê māyim). In Isa 58:11 the restored person is 'like a spring of water whose waters do not fail'. In 2 Kgs 2:21 Elisha heals 'the spring of the waters' at Jericho.
From the study of Deuteronomy 8:3
- Range of meaning
Motsa comes from yatsa, 'to go out'. It can mean a place of going out (a spring, a sunrise point, an exit), the act of going out, or what goes out. With 'mouth' or 'lips' it means what a person utters, and it is often binding: 'what has gone out of your lips' is a vow you must keep (Deut 23:23[24]; Num 30:12[13]; Jer 17:16; Ps 89:34[35]).
- Against the English
Most English versions supply 'word': 'every word that comes from the mouth of the LORD.' KJV prints [word] in italics to show it was supplied. NASB ('everything that proceeds out of the mouth') and NJPS ('anything that the LORD decrees') keep the Hebrew's open-endedness. 'Word' is not wrong, since an utterance is speech. But it narrows the phrase toward verbal content, and modern readers easily hear 'the Bible' or 'a sermon'.
- How it drifted
The Septuagint supplied rhēma ('word, utterance, thing'). Matthew 4:4 quotes that Greek, and English Bibles followed the familiar Gospel wording. In Christian use 'the Word' then came to mean Scripture as a book, which took the phrase further from its Hebrew range.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The 'what goes out of the lips' idiom for binding speech appears in Numbers 30, Deuteronomy 23 and Psalm 89. The Septuagint reads 'every word (rhēma) that goes out through the mouth of God'. Hebrew rhēma, like Hebrew davar, can mean 'thing, matter' as well as 'word'. Wisdom of Solomon 16:26 reads the manna story this way: 'it is not the production of crops that feeds humankind, but your word sustains those who trust in you'. Philo (Allegorical Interpretation 3) treats the manna as the divine Word.
- Range of meaning
Motsaʾ is "a going out, an issuing, a source". Davar is "word, speech, matter, thing", and also a word of God or an order of a king. The phrase means "the going-out of a word".
- Against the English
KJV has "the commandment", and BSB and NIV have "the decree". These narrow davar to a royal edict and add an article. ESV and NRSV's "the word" is closer to the Hebrew.
- How it drifted
Translations that expect a datable Persian edict (Cyrus, or Artaxerxes in Ezra 7 or Nehemiah 2) as the starting point tend to choose "decree", which then reinforces that reading.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Daniel 9:23 says "at the beginning of your pleas a word went out (yatsa davar)", using the same two roots. Daniel 9:2 refers to "the word of the LORD to Jeremiah". Isaiah 55:11 speaks of God's word that "goes out" from his mouth.
Where it appears
Numbers · 3
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Numbers 30:12 מוֹצָ֨א <the> utterance of
But if her husband nullifies them on the day he hears of them, then nothing that came from her lips, whether her vows or pledges, shall stand. Her husband has nullified them, and the LORD will absolve her.
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Numbers 33:2 מוֹצָאֵיהֶ֛ם לְמוֹצָאֵיהֶֽם׃ points of departure their, to points of departure their
At the LORD’s command, Moses recorded the stages of their journey. These are the stages listed by their starting points:
Deuteronomy · 2
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Deuteronomy 8:3 מוֹצָ֥א <the> utterance of
He humbled you, and in your hunger He gave you manna to eat, which neither you nor your fathers had known, so that you might understand that man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of the LORD.
Here: Literally 'a going-out', from the verb 'to go out'. With 'mouth' or 'lips' it means what someone utters: a pronouncement, vow or command. There is no separate noun 'word' in the Hebrew. This is the 'going-out' itself.
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Deuteronomy 23:23 מוֹצָ֥א [the] utterance of
Be careful to follow through on what comes from your lips, because you have freely vowed to the LORD your God with your own mouth.
2 Samuel · 1
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2 Samuel 3:25 מוֹצָֽאֲךָ֙ exit your
Surely you realize that Abner son of Ner came to deceive you and to track your movements and all that you are doing.”
1 Kings · 1
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1 Kings 10:28 וּמוֹצָ֧א and [the] export of
Solomon’s horses were imported from Egypt and Kue; the royal merchants purchased them from Kue.
2 Kings · 1
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2 Kings 2:21 מוֹצָ֣א [the] outlet of
and Elisha went out to the spring, cast the salt into it, and said, “This is what the LORD says: ‘I have healed this water. No longer will it cause death or unfruitfulness.’”
Here: Literally 'the going-out place', the point where water comes out of the ground, i.e. the spring-head. Elisha treats the problem at its origin, not downstream.
2 Chronicles · 2
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2 Chronicles 1:16 וּמוֹצָ֧א and [the] export of
Solomon’s horses were imported from Egypt and Kue; the royal merchants purchased them from Kue.
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2 Chronicles 32:30 מוֹצָ֞א [the] outlet of
It was Hezekiah who blocked the upper outlet of the Spring of Gihon and channeled it down to the west side of the City of David. And Hezekiah prospered in all that he did.
Job · 2
Psalms · 6
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Psalm 19:6 מֽוֹצָא֗וֹ going forth its
it rises at one end of the heavens and runs its circuit to the other; nothing is deprived of its warmth.
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Psalm 65:8 מ֤וֹצָֽאֵי־ [the] going<s> out of
Those who live far away fear Your wonders; You make the dawn and sunset shout for joy.
Here: "The goings-out of": the place or moment where something comes out. The sun's rising is its "going out" (Ps 19:6), and môṣāʾ alone can mean "the east" (Ps 75:6). Paired with morning and evening, it covers the far east and the far west, the whole horizon, along with dawn and dusk.
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Psalm 75:6 מִ֭מּוֹצָא [is] from [the] going out
For exaltation comes neither from east nor west, nor out of the desert,
Here: Literally 'from the going-out', short for the place where the sun 'goes out', that is, rises. So it means 'from the east'. Hebrew names directions by what the sun does.
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Psalm 89:34 וּמוֹצָ֥א and [the] utterance of
I will not violate My covenant or alter the utterance of My lips.
Here: 'And what goes out of.' The noun comes from the verb 'to go out'. Joined to 'lips', it is the standard phrase for a spoken promise or vow, the words once released from the mouth.
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Psalm 107:33 וּמֹצָ֥אֵי and springs of
He turns rivers into deserts, springs of water into thirsty ground,
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Psalm 107:35 לְמֹצָ֥אֵי into springs of
He turns a desert into pools of water and a dry land into flowing springs.
Here: From the verb 'to go out'. A motsa of water is the place where water comes out of the ground: a spring. The plural suggests many springs. Unlike the pool in the first half, this is water that flows.
Isaiah · 2
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Isaiah 41:18 לְמוֹצָ֥אֵי <into> springs of
I will open rivers on the barren heights, and fountains in the middle of the valleys. I will turn the desert into a pool of water, and the dry land into flowing springs.
Here: 'Into places where water goes out'. The word comes from the verb 'to go out'. It means the points where water emerges from the ground: springheads and outflows.
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Isaiah 58:11 וּכְמוֹצָ֣א and like a spring of
The LORD will always guide you; He will satisfy you in a sun-scorched land and strengthen your frame. You will be like a well-watered garden, like a spring whose waters never fail.
Here: Literally 'a going-out,' the place where water comes out of the ground: a spring. Gardens receive water, but a spring gives it.
Jeremiah · 1
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Jeremiah 17:16 מוֹצָ֣א [the] utterance of
But I have not run away from being Your shepherd; I have not desired the day of despair. You know that the utterance of my lips was spoken in Your presence.
Here: 'What goes out.' Joined with 'lips', it is the stock phrase for words one is held to, as with vows (Num 30:12; Deut 23:23).
Ezekiel · 4
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Ezekiel 12:4 כְּמוֹצָאֵ֖י like goings out of
Bring out your baggage for exile by day, as they watch. Then in the evening, as they watch, go out like those who go into exile.
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Ezekiel 42:11 מוֹצָ֣אֵיהֶ֔ן exits their
with a passageway in front of them, just like the chambers that were on the north. They had the same length and width, with similar exits and dimensions.
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Ezekiel 43:11 וּמוֹצָאָ֡יו and exits its
and if they are ashamed of all they have done, then make known to them the design of the temple—its arrangement and its exits and entrances—its whole design along with all its statutes, forms, and laws. Write it down in their sight, so that they may keep its complete design and all its statutes and may carry them out.
Here: The ways out. Gates and access matter a great deal in Ezekiel's temple, because they control who may go where (44:5).
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Ezekiel 44:5 מוֹצָאֵ֥י [the] exits of
The LORD said to me: “Son of man, pay attention; look carefully with your eyes and listen closely with your ears to everything I tell you concerning all the statutes and laws of the house of the LORD. Take careful note of the entrance to the temple, along with all the exits of the sanctuary.
Daniel · 1
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Daniel 9:25 מֹצָ֣א [the] going forth of
Know and understand this: From the issuance of the decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until the Messiah, the Prince, there will be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will be rebuilt with streets and a trench, but in times of distress.
Here: "The going-out of." A noun from yatsa, "go out", and an echo of v. 23, where "a word went out (yatsa davar)" when Daniel began to pray.
Hosea · 1
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Hosea 6:3 מֽוֹצָא֑וֹ going forth his
So let us know—let us press on to know the LORD. As surely as the sun rises, He will appear; He will come to us like the rain, like the spring showers that water the earth.
Here: The point or act of going out, used for the sun's rising (Ps 19:6). God is pictured stepping out like the sun over the horizon.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.