Hebrew word · H4496
מְנוּחָה
menuchah
resting
Rest, repose, quietness, a resting-place. It is a key word in Israel's story: the 'rest' of the promised land, Zion as God's 'resting place', and a settled, secure home.
Appears 22 times in 22 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
Rest, repose, quietness, a resting-place. It is a key word in Israel's story: the 'rest' of the promised land, Zion as God's 'resting place', and a settled, secure home.
- Against the English
'Still' (KJV, ESV, WEB) and 'quiet' (NIV, BSB, NASB) describe the water. The Hebrew names the rest the water gives, or the resting-place where it is found. One modern Jewish rendering, 'to water in places of repose', keeps this sense.
- How it drifted
'Still waters' became fixed through the KJV. Devotional writing then built on the English adjective, adding claims that sheep fear running water and must have calm pools. The Hebrew word does not describe the water's motion at all.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Genesis 49:15 ('he saw that a resting place was good'). Numbers 10:33 (the ark searching out a resting place). Deuteronomy 12:9 ('the rest and the inheritance'). Ruth 1:9 ('find rest, each in the house of her husband'). 1 Kings 8:56. Psalm 95:11 ('my rest'). Psalm 132:8, 14 (Zion as God's resting place). Isaiah 28:12. The Septuagint has 'water of rest' (anapausis); the Vulgate has 'water of refreshment'.
From the study of Isaiah 28:12
- Range of meaning
Rest, quiet, a resting place; above all, the settled security God promised Israel: life in the land with no enemies pressing in (Deut 12:9 “the rest and the inheritance”; 1 Kgs 8:56 “who has given rest to his people Israel”). It can mean a place (Ps 132:14, Zion as God’s “resting place forever”; Ps 95:11 “my rest”) or a condition (Ruth 1:9, the security of a home; Ps 23:2 “still waters”, literally “waters of rest”).
- Against the English
KJV, ESV, NASB and WEB say “rest”, a condition; BSB and NIV say “resting place”, a location. Both are inside the word’s range. Modern English “rest” leans toward relaxation or a break from work, which is narrower than the Hebrew.
- How it drifted
In English “rest” has become mostly personal and psychological: a nap, a holiday, inner calm. The Hebrew word belonged to national life and covenant history: safety, settledness and freedom from enemies, given by God.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Throughout Deuteronomy, Joshua and Kings it marks the fulfilment of the promise of the land (Deut 12:9–10; Josh 21:44; 2 Sam 7:1, 11; 1 Kgs 5:4). Isaiah uses it of the restful home the Davidic king will bring (Isa 11:10, “his resting place will be glorious”) and of quiet security (Isa 32:18, “secure dwellings… quiet resting places”).
From the study of Isaiah 32:18
- Range of meaning
Rest, repose. A resting place. It is used for the settled possession of the land after wandering, and for God's own resting place among his people.
- Against the English
"Resting places" is accurate. The English cannot carry the word's history as the name for Israel's promised rest in the land.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Deuteronomy 12:9 calls the land "the menuchah and the inheritance." In 1 Kings 8:56 God has "given menuchah to his people." Psalm 23:2 has "waters of menuchot." Psalm 132:14 says of Zion, "this is my menuchah forever." Isaiah 28:12 is the closest echo: "This is the menuchah; give rest to the weary," and the people "would not listen."
Where it appears
Genesis · 1
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Genesis 49:15 מְנֻחָה֙ a resting place
He saw that his resting place was good and that his land was pleasant, so he bent his shoulder to the burden and submitted to labor as a servant.
Numbers · 1
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Numbers 10:33 מְנוּחָֽה׃ a resting place
So they set out on a three-day journey from the mountain of the LORD, with the ark of the covenant of the LORD traveling ahead of them for those three days to seek a resting place for them.
Here: In the first place, a place to halt and camp at the end of the march. The word also carries the larger hope of settled, secure rest in the promised land.
Deuteronomy · 1
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Deuteronomy 12:9 הַמְּנוּחָה֙ the resting place
For you have not yet come to the resting place and the inheritance that the LORD your God is giving you.
Judges · 1
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Judges 20:43 מְנוּחָ֖ה rest
They surrounded the Benjamites, pursued them, and easily overtook them in the vicinity of Gibeah on the east.
Ruth · 1
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Ruth 1:9 מְנוּחָ֔ה rest
May the LORD enable each of you to find rest in the home of your new husband.” And she kissed them as they wept aloud
Here: A settled, secure place to live. For a widow that meant a household with food, protection, legal standing and a future. The word does not mean relaxation, and it does not mean inner calm.
2 Samuel · 1
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2 Samuel 14:17 לִמְנוּחָ֑ה <into> rest
And now your servant says, ‘May the word of my lord the king bring me rest, for my lord the king is able to discern good and evil, just like the angel of God. May the LORD your God be with you.’”
Here: 'Into rest': may the king's ruling become a settled, secure state for her. The case is closed, the threat is gone, and her place and inheritance are safe.
1 Kings · 1
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1 Kings 8:56 מְנוּחָה֙ a resting place
“Blessed be the LORD, who has given rest to His people Israel according to all that He promised. Not one word has failed of all the good promises He made through His servant Moses.
Here: Settled, secure life in the land, free of enemy threat and wandering, as well as a 'place to settle'. It is Deuteronomy's word for what Israel would have once it was established in Canaan (Deut 12:9–10).
1 Chronicles · 2
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1 Chronicles 22:9 מְנוּחָ֔ה rest
But a son will be born to you who will be a man of rest. I will give him rest from all his enemies on every side; for his name will be Solomon, and I will grant to Israel peace and quiet during his reign.
Here: 'Rest' in the sense of settled security, with no war or threat. The next clause defines it: rest from all his enemies. It describes his situation, not his temperament.
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1 Chronicles 28:2 מְנוּחָ֜ה rest
Then King David rose to his feet and said, “Listen to me, my brothers and my people. It was in my heart to build a house as a resting place for the ark of the covenant of the LORD and as a footstool for our God. I had made preparations to build it,
Here: A settled, permanent place where something stops moving. The ark had been carried from place to place since the wilderness. Now it would have a fixed home. The word echoes Ps 132:8, 14, 'Arise, O LORD, to your resting place'.
Psalms · 5
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Psalm 23:2 מְנֻח֣וֹת rest<s>
He makes me lie down in green pastures; He leads me beside quiet waters.
Here: Plural of the word for 'rest' or 'resting-place'. 'Waters of rests' names water where the flock rests and is refreshed. The plural can stress fullness: deep rest, every kind of rest. It says nothing directly about whether the water itself moves.
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Psalm 95:11 מְנוּחָתִֽי׃ rest my
So I swore on oath in My anger, “They shall never enter My rest.”
Here: "My rest / my resting place": the settled, secure home God promised, the land of Canaan (Deuteronomy 12:9). It may also carry the overtone of God's own resting place among his people (Psalm 132:8, 14). "My" marks it as God's to give and God's own.
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Psalm 116:7 לִמְנוּחָ֑יְכִי to resting place<s> your
Return to your rest, O my soul, for the LORD has been good to you.
Here: 'To your resting places': the settled, secure, quiet condition (and place) that belongs to the self. The plural probably means full, complete rest rather than several places. The unusual long ending -ayekhi ('your', feminine) is an old or Aramaic-style poetic form.
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Psalm 132:8 לִמְנוּחָתֶ֑ךָ to resting place your
Arise, O LORD, to Your resting place, You and the ark of Your strength.
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Psalm 132:14 מְנוּחָתִ֥י [is] resting place my
“This is My resting place forever and ever; here I will dwell, for I have desired this home.
Here: 'My resting place': the settled place where travelling stops. It answers v. 8 ('Arise, LORD, to your resting place, you and the ark'). The ark's wandering is over and God has arrived to stay.
Isaiah · 4
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Isaiah 11:10 מְנֻחָת֖וֹ resting place his
On that day the Root of Jesse will stand as a banner for the peoples. The nations will seek Him, and His place of rest will be glorious.
Here: His settled place of dwelling, his seat. Elsewhere the same word names Zion as the place where God and the ark rest (Psalm 132:8, 14). It is a place, not a feeling of relaxation.
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Isaiah 28:12 הַמְּנוּחָה֙ [is] the resting place
to whom He has said: “This is the place of rest, let the weary rest; this is the place of repose.” But they would not listen.
Here: “The rest”: settled, secure life free from enemies and upheaval, the rest God promised Israel in the land. With the article, “the” rest, the one they ought to know about.
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Isaiah 32:18 וּבִמְנוּחֹ֖ת and in resting places
Then my people will dwell in a peaceful place, in safe and secure places of rest.
Here: "And in resting places." The word means places where you stop and rest. It echoes the promised "rest" of the land (Deut 12:9) and the "waters of rest" in Psalm 23:2.
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Isaiah 66:1 מְנוּחָתִֽי׃ rest my
This is what the LORD says: “Heaven is My throne, and earth is My footstool. What kind of house will you build for Me? Or where will My place of repose be?
Here: "My resting place": the settled seat where a divine king takes up residence once his rule is secure. Psalm 132:14 uses the same word for Zion: "This is my resting place forever." It does not mean a place to recover from tiredness.
Jeremiah · 2
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Jeremiah 45:3 וּמְנוּחָ֖ה and rest
You have said, ‘Woe is me because the LORD has added sorrow to my pain! I am worn out with groaning and have found no rest.’”
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Jeremiah 51:59 מְנוּחָֽה׃ a resting place
This is the message that Jeremiah the prophet gave to the quartermaster Seraiah son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, when he went to Babylon with King Zedekiah of Judah in the fourth year of Zedekiah’s reign.
Micah · 1
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Micah 2:10 הַמְּנוּחָ֑ה [is] <the> resting place
Arise and depart, for this is not your place of rest, because its defilement brings destruction—a grievous destruction!
Here: 'The rest', with the definite article: the well-known rest God promised Israel, meaning settled, secure life on its own inherited land (Deut 12:9). Micah says this land no longer counts as that rest.
Zechariah · 1
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Zechariah 9:1 מְנֻחָת֑וֹ [is] resting place its
This is the burden of the word of the LORD against the land of Hadrach and Damascus its resting place—for the eyes of men and of all the tribes of Israel are upon the LORD—
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.