Hebrew word · H4813

מִרְיָם

miryam

Miriam

A personal name. Its origin is uncertain. Many scholars favor an Egyptian origin from mry, "beloved," which fits a family with Egyptian-sounding names (Moses, Phinehas, Hophni). Popular Hebrew links to mar, "bitter," or marah, "rebel," are folk explanations (HALOT).

Appears 15 times in 13 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

A woman of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Exo.15.20;

daughter of: Amram (H6019) and Jochebed (H3115);

sister of: Moses (H4872) and Aaron (H0175)

§ Miriam = "rebellion"

1) elder sister of Moses and Aaron

2) a woman of Judah

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Numbers 20:1

Range of meaning

A personal name. Its origin is uncertain. Many scholars favor an Egyptian origin from mry, "beloved," which fits a family with Egyptian-sounding names (Moses, Phinehas, Hophni). Popular Hebrew links to mar, "bitter," or marah, "rebel," are folk explanations (HALOT).

Against the English

English versions agree on "Miriam." The Greek Mariam and Latin Maria come from this same name, which is why Jewish women in Jesus' day, including his mother, were called Mary.

Used elsewhere in the period

Named a "prophetess" who led the women in song at the sea (Exod 15:20–21). Struck with a skin disease after challenging Moses with Aaron (Num 12). Listed among the children of Amram (Num 26:59; 1 Chr 6:3). Named alongside Moses and Aaron as sent by God to lead Israel (Mic 6:4). Traditionally identified with the unnamed sister who watched over baby Moses at the Nile (Exod 2:4–8).

Where it appears

Exodus · 2
  1. Exodus 15:20 מִרְיָ֨ם Miriam

    Then Miriam the prophetess, Aaron’s sister, took a tambourine in her hand, and all the women followed her with tambourines and dancing.

    Here: This is the first time she is named in Exodus. She is probably the unnamed sister who watched over baby Moses in Exodus 2:4–8. Where the name comes from is debated: possibly Egyptian mry, 'beloved', or a Hebrew root.

  2. Exodus 15:21 מִרְיָ֑ם Miriam

    And Miriam sang back to them: “Sing to the LORD, for He is highly exalted; the horse and rider He has thrown into the sea.”

    Here: Miriam, called “the prophetess, Aaron’s sister” in v. 20. Placing her name after the verb and its object puts weight on her as the leader of this song. The meaning of the name is uncertain. One proposal links it to Egyptian *mry*, “beloved.”

Numbers · 9
  1. Numbers 12:1 מִרְיָ֤ם Miriam

    Then Miriam and Aaron criticized Moses because of the Cushite woman he had married, for he had taken a Cushite wife.

  2. Numbers 12:4 מִרְיָ֔ם Miriam

    And suddenly the LORD said to Moses, Aaron, and Miriam, “You three, come out to the Tent of Meeting.” So the three went out,

  3. Numbers 12:5 וּמִרְיָ֔ם and Miriam

    and the LORD came down in a pillar of cloud, stood at the entrance to the Tent, and summoned Aaron and Miriam. When both of them had stepped forward,

  4. Numbers 12:10 מִרְיָ֖ם מִרְיָ֖ם Miriam

    As the cloud lifted from above the Tent, suddenly Miriam became leprous, white as snow. Aaron turned toward her, saw that she was leprous,

    Here: Sister of Moses and Aaron, called a prophetess in Exodus 15:20. Her name comes first in 12:1, and the verb there ('spoke') is feminine singular, which marks her as the leading speaker against Moses.

  5. Numbers 12:15 מִרְיָ֛ם מִרְיָֽם׃ Miriam

    So Miriam was confined outside the camp for seven days, and the people did not move on until she was brought in again.

    Here: Sister of Moses and Aaron and a prophet (Exod 15:20). The verse names her twice, at its start and its end. Her confinement and her return frame everything in between.

  6. Numbers 20:1 מִרְיָ֔ם Miriam

    In the first month, the whole congregation of Israel entered the Wilderness of Zin and stayed in Kadesh. There Miriam died and was buried.

    Here: Miriam, sister of Aaron and Moses and a prophetess (Exod 15:20). She is one of the three leaders whom God "sent before" Israel (Mic 6:4).

  7. Numbers 26:59 מִרְיָ֥ם Miriam

    and Amram’s wife was named Jochebed. She was also a daughter of Levi, born to Levi in Egypt. To Amram she bore Aaron, Moses, and their sister Miriam.

Deuteronomy · 1
  1. Deuteronomy 24:9 לְמִרְיָ֑ם to Miriam

    Remember what the LORD your God did to Miriam on the journey after you came out of Egypt.

1 Chronicles · 2
  1. 1 Chronicles 4:17 מִרְיָ֣ם Miriam

    The sons of Ezrah: Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon. And Mered’s wife Bithiah gave birth to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa.

  2. 1 Chronicles 6:3 וּמִרְיָ֑ם ס and Miriam

    The children of Amram: Aaron, Moses, and Miriam. The sons of Aaron: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.

Micah · 1
  1. Micah 6:4 וּמִרְיָֽם׃ and Miriam

    For I brought you up from the land of Egypt and redeemed you from the house of slavery. I sent Moses before you, as well as Aaron and Miriam.

    Here: "And Miriam," sister of Moses and Aaron, called a prophetess in Exod 15:20. This is the only place in the prophetic books where she is named, and she is named as one God himself sent to lead.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.