Hebrew word · H4832
מַרְפֵּא
marpe'
healing
Healing, cure, remedy. By extension it also means soundness and calm: 'a healing tongue' (Prov 15:4), 'a tranquil heart' (Prov 14:30), 'calmness' (Eccl 10:4). It is used both for bodies and for a broken nation (Jer 33:6; 2 Chr 36:16, 'until there was no remedy').
Appears 16 times in 15 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) health, healing, cure
1a) healing, cure
1b) health, profit, sound (of mind)
1c) healing
1c1) incurable (with negative)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
Healing, cure, remedy. By extension it also means soundness and calm: 'a healing tongue' (Prov 15:4), 'a tranquil heart' (Prov 14:30), 'calmness' (Eccl 10:4). It is used both for bodies and for a broken nation (Jer 33:6; 2 Chr 36:16, 'until there was no remedy').
- Against the English
'Healing' is accurate. Modern readers may narrow it to physical cures, but in the prophets it usually means restoring a damaged people to wholeness: social, spiritual and physical together.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Jeremiah's laments use it: 'We hoped for peace, but no good came; for a time of healing (marpēʾ), but there was terror' (Jer 8:15; 14:19). The LXX renders it iasis ('cure').
From the study of Proverbs 15:4
- Range of meaning
From the verb rāpāʾ, 'to heal, restore, mend'. It means healing, cure or remedy (Jer 8:15; 14:19; Mal 4:2 [3:20 Heb.], 'healing in its wings'), and it is the 'no remedy' of Prov 6:15 and 29:1. Some lexicons (e.g., HALOT) also list a second marpēʾ meaning 'calmness, composure'. That one is linked to the root rph, 'to relax, let go', and is used for Eccl 10:4 ('calmness lays great offenses to rest'), Prov 14:30 ('a calm heart is life to the body'), and possibly this verse.
- Against the English
BSB/NIV/NASB 'soothing' and WEB/ESV 'gentle' follow the 'calm' sense, or read 'healing' as describing manner. YLT 'healed' takes it as a tongue that has itself been made whole. KJV 'wholesome' meant 'health-giving' in 1611. The literal 'healing tongue' best keeps the medical contrast with 'breaking' in line two.
- How it drifted
KJV's 'wholesome' has shifted. In 1611 it meant 'promoting health'. Today it means morally clean or innocent, so a modern reader hears 'clean speech' rather than 'speech that heals'.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Healing (marpēʾ) and breaking (šeber) are a fixed pair in Hebrew: Prov 6:15 and 29:1 ('suddenly broken, and no healing'). The prophets also use the verb and noun together: 'they heal the breaking of my people lightly' (Jer 6:14; 8:11). The Septuagint renders it iasis, 'healing', and the Vulgate placabilis, 'appeasing, soothing'. This shows that ancient translators already saw both senses.
From the study of Proverbs 29:1
- Range of meaning
Healing, cure, remedy (from rapaʾ, "to heal"). In Proverbs it also means soundness or calm: "a heart of marpeʾ" is a tranquil heart (14:30), and "a marpeʾ tongue" is a gentle, healing tongue (15:4). It also appears in Malachi's "healing in its wings" (Mal 4:2 [3:20]).
- Against the English
KJV and WEB say "without remedy" and YLT "no healing", both accurate. BSB's "beyond recovery" is fine but loses the medical picture. ESV and NASB say "beyond healing" or "beyond remedy".
- Used elsewhere in the period
2 Chronicles 36:15–16 is the closest parallel in thought. God kept sending messengers "persistently", but the people mocked them and despised his words "until the wrath of the LORD rose against his people, until there was no marpeʾ". The same pattern appears there: many warnings, refusal, then a point past repair. See also Jer 14:19 and Prov 6:15.
Where it appears
2 Chronicles · 2
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2 Chronicles 21:18 מַרְפֵּֽא׃ [was] healing
After all this, the LORD afflicted Jehoram with an incurable disease of the bowels.
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2 Chronicles 36:16 מַרְפֵּֽא׃ [was] healing
But they mocked the messengers of God, despising His words and scoffing at His prophets, until the wrath of the LORD against His people was stirred up beyond remedy.
Here: A medical word for a cure. The nation is pictured as a patient whose illness has gone past treatment. It echoes God's promise in 2 Chr 7:14, 'I will heal their land.'
Proverbs · 8
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Proverbs 4:22 מַרְפֵּֽא׃ health
For they are life to those who find them, and health to the whole body.
Here: A noun from the root 'to heal'. It means healing, remedy, soundness. The teaching works on the whole person like a medicine or tonic that keeps the body sound. The word comes last, matching 'life' at the start.
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Proverbs 6:15 מַרְפֵּֽא׃ פ [will be] healing
Therefore calamity will come upon him suddenly; in an instant he will be shattered beyond recovery.
Here: "Healing" in the sense of a cure or mending. The brokenness is like a fracture or a smashed jar that nobody can set or repair. The verse ends on this word with nothing after it.
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Proverbs 12:18 מַרְפֵּֽא׃ [is] healing
Speaking rashly is like a piercing sword, but the tongue of the wise brings healing.
Here: 'Is healing': a cure, a remedy that makes something whole again. Placed against 'stabbings', it suggests that wise speech closes the very wounds careless speech opens. The word can also suggest calm or gentleness (14:30; 15:4).
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Proverbs 13:17 מַרְפֵּֽא׃ [is] healing
A wicked messenger falls into trouble, but a faithful envoy brings healing.
Here: The line has no verb: the envoy is healing, a remedy. Elsewhere in Proverbs the word also carries the sense of calm or soothing (14:30; 15:4). So he mends and settles situations, and the relationship between sender and receiver stays whole.
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Proverbs 14:30 מַרְפֵּ֑א healing
A tranquil heart is life to the body, but envy rots the bones.
Here: "A heart of marpēʾ" is a heart marked by health and calm: settled, unagitated, whole. The word means both "healing" and "composure", and it sets up the contrast with the burning passion at the end of the verse.
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Proverbs 15:4 מַרְפֵּ֣א healing of
A soothing tongue is a tree of life, but a perverse tongue crushes the spirit.
Here: A noun from the root 'to heal'. It is joined to 'tongue' in a 'healing of tongue' phrase, meaning a tongue that heals or brings health. A related sense, 'calm, composure', may also be heard here. That is why translators choose 'soothing' or 'gentle'.
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Proverbs 16:24 וּמַרְפֵּ֥א and healing
Pleasant words are a honeycomb, sweet to the soul and healing to the bones.
Here: 'And a remedy', meaning healing or restored health. Proverbs often uses this word for the effect of wise speech (12:18; 15:4).
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Proverbs 29:1 מַרְפֵּֽא׃ [will be] healing
A man who remains stiff-necked after much reproof will suddenly be shattered beyond recovery.
Here: A medical word: cure or mending, from the verb "to heal". After the break, nothing can set it. The same closing phrase appears in Proverbs 6:15 and in 2 Chronicles 36:16.
Ecclesiastes · 1
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Ecclesiastes 10:4 מַרְפֵּ֔א calmness
If the ruler’s temper flares against you, do not abandon your post, for calmness lays great offenses to rest.
Here: Composure, a gentle and unruffled manner. The word also sounds like 'healing' and probably carries that note too: calmness is the remedy that soothes the situation.
Jeremiah · 4
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Jeremiah 8:15 מַרְפֵּ֖ה healing
We hoped for peace, but no good has come, for a time of healing, but there was only terror.
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Jeremiah 14:19 מַרְפֵּ֑א מַרְפֵּ֖א healing
Have You rejected Judah completely? Do You despise Zion? Why have You stricken us so that we are beyond healing? We hoped for peace, but no good has come, and for the time of healing, but there was only terror.
Here: A cure or the recovery itself, from the root 'to heal'. Applied to the nation, it means the wound of disaster has no treatment.
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Jeremiah 33:6 וּמַרְפֵּ֖א and healing
Nevertheless, I will bring to it health and healing, and I will heal its people and reveal to them the abundance of peace and truth.
Here: 'And cure'. The noun comes from the root for 'heal' (rāpāʾ). In Jeremiah 8:15 and 14:19 the people 'waited for a time of marpēʾ, but there was terror'. That time now arrives.
Malachi · 1
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Malachi 4:2 וּמַרְפֵּ֖א and healing
“But for you who fear My name, the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings, and you will go out and leap like calves from the stall.
Here: A cure or restoration to wholeness, from the root 'to heal'. It answers Jeremiah's lament, 'we hoped for a time of healing, but there was terror' (Jer 8:15; 14:19).
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.