נָגַף

Exodus 8:2 נֹגֵ֛ף [am] about to strike

But if you refuse to let them go, I will plague your whole country with frogs.

Exodus 12:23 לִנְגֹּ֣ף לִנְגֹּֽף׃ to strike, to strike [you]

When the LORD passes through to strike down the Egyptians, He will see the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over that doorway; so He will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses and strike you down.

Here: To deal a blow. It is often used of God striking with a plague (the related noun negef, 'plague', appears in 12:13). Here it means the death of the firstborn.

Exodus 12:27 בְּנָגְפּ֥וֹ when struck he

you are to reply, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice to the LORD, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt when He struck down the Egyptians and spared our homes.’” Then the people bowed down and worshiped.

Exodus 21:22 וְנָ֨גְפ֜וּ and they will strike

If men who are fighting strike a pregnant woman and her child is born prematurely, but there is no further injury, he shall surely be fined as the woman’s husband demands and as the court allows.

Here: 'And they strike/knock into' her. The word covers a blow or a shove (an ox goring, v. 35). The impact is a side effect of the fight; it is not aimed at the pregnancy.

Exodus 21:35 יִגֹּ֧ף it will strike

If a man’s ox injures his neighbor’s ox and it dies, they must sell the live one and divide the proceeds; they also must divide the dead animal.

Exodus 32:35 וַיִּגֹּ֥ף and he struck

And the LORD sent a plague on the people because of what they had done with the calf that Aaron had made.

Leviticus 26:17 וְנִגַּפְתֶּ֖ם and you will be defeated

And I will set My face against you, so that you will be defeated by your enemies. Those who hate you will rule over you, and you will flee when no one pursues you.

Here: A passive form of 'strike'. It is the standard word for an army beaten in battle (e.g. 1 Sam 4:2, 10). It means routed and beaten, not necessarily killed to a man.

Numbers 14:42 תִּנָּ֣גְפ֔וּ you will be defeated

Do not go up, lest you be struck down by your enemies, because the LORD is not among you.

Deuteronomy 1:42 תִּנָּֽגְפ֔וּ you will be defeated

But the LORD said to me, “Tell them not to go up and fight, for I am not with you to keep you from defeat by your enemies.”

Deuteronomy 28:7 נִגָּפִ֖ים defeated

The LORD will cause the enemies who rise up against you to be defeated before you. They will march out against you in one direction but flee from you in seven.

Here: "Struck down": a passive form of a verb for a hard blow, used both of plague and of an army beaten in battle. The passive leaves the striker unnamed, but the sentence makes clear it is Yahweh's doing.

Deuteronomy 28:25 נִגָּף֮ defeated

The LORD will cause you to be defeated before your enemies. You will march out against them in one direction but flee from them in seven. You will be an object of horror to all the kingdoms of the earth.

Here: A passive participle: 'struck down', 'routed'. It is the standard word for an army beaten in the field (Lev 26:17; 1 Sam 4:2, 10). It reverses 28:7, where the enemies were the ones 'struck down before you'.

Joshua 24:5 וָאֶגֹּ֣ף and I struck

Then I sent Moses and Aaron, and I afflicted the Egyptians by what I did there, and afterward I brought you out.

Here: 'And I struck.' It is a physical, violent word for landing a blow. Here it sums up the series of blows God landed on Egypt in Exodus 7–12.

Judges 20:32 נִגָּפִ֥ים [are] defeated

“We are defeating them as before,” said the Benjamites. But the Israelites said, “Let us retreat and draw them away from the city onto the roads.”

Judges 20:35 וַיִּגֹּ֨ף and he defeated

The LORD defeated Benjamin in the presence of Israel, and on that day the Israelites slaughtered 25,100 Benjamites, all armed with swords.

Judges 20:36 נִגָּ֑פוּ they were defeated

Then the Benjamites realized they had been defeated. Now the men of Israel had retreated before Benjamin because they were relying on the ambush they had set against Gibeah.

Here: Passive ('they had been struck down'), the regular word for a defeat in battle. It picks up v. 35, 'the LORD struck Benjamin', using the same root, and turns around Benjamin's earlier boast that Israel was the one being 'struck' (v. 32, 39).

Judges 20:39 נִגּ֨וֹף נִגָּ֥ף certainly <to defeated>, [is] defeated

the men of Israel would turn in the battle. When the Benjamites had begun to strike them down, killing about thirty men of Israel, they said, “They are defeated before us as in the first battle.”

1 Samuel 4:2 וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף and it was defeated

The Philistines arrayed themselves against Israel, and as the battle spread, Israel was defeated by the Philistines, who struck down about four thousand men on the battlefield.

1 Samuel 4:3 נְגָפָ֧נוּ has he defeated us

When the troops returned to the camp, the elders of Israel asked, “Why has the LORD brought defeat on us before the Philistines today? Let us bring the ark of the covenant of the LORD from Shiloh, so that it may go with us to save us from the hand of our enemies.”

Here: “Has he struck us down,” a word for a blow or defeat in battle, often sent by God. The elders correctly name Yahweh, not the Philistines, as the one behind the defeat. The same root appears in verse 2: “Israel was struck down.”

1 Samuel 4:10 וַיִּנָּ֤גֶף and it was defeated

So the Philistines fought, and Israel was defeated, and each man fled to his tent. The slaughter was very great—thirty thousand foot soldiers of Israel fell.

Here: "And Israel was struck down." The form is passive and names no striker. A few verses earlier (v. 3) the elders asked why YHWH had "struck us" with this same verb, so the hearer already knows who is behind the blow.

1 Samuel 7:10 וַיִּנָּגְפ֖וּ and they were defeated

As the Philistines drew near to fight against Israel, Samuel was offering up the burnt offering. But that day the LORD thundered loudly against the Philistines and threw them into such confusion that they fled before Israel.

Here: Passive of 'strike.' It is the very verb used twice when Israel 'was struck before the Philistines' (4:2, 10). Now the roles are reversed.

1 Samuel 25:38 וַיִּגֹּ֧ף and he struck

About ten days later, the LORD struck Nabal dead.

Here: A strong verb for a blow that defeats or brings disease, often used of God sending a plague or of an army routed in battle. Here it names the death as God's own act, not David's.

1 Samuel 26:10 יִגָּפֶ֑נּוּ he will strike him

David added, “As surely as the LORD lives, the LORD Himself will strike him down; either his day will come and he will die, or he will go into battle and perish.

Here: Strike with a blow, often a God-sent blow such as a plague or a sudden fatal stroke. The verb looks straight back to 25:38, where 'YHWH struck Nabal and he died.' David has just watched this happen.

2 Samuel 2:17 וַיִּנָּ֤גֶף and he was defeated

The battle that day was intense, and Abner and the men of Israel were defeated by the servants of David.

2 Samuel 10:15 נִגַּ֖ף it was defeated

When the Arameans saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they regrouped.

2 Samuel 10:19 נִגְּפוּ֙ they were defeated

When all the kings who were subject to Hadadezer saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they made peace with Israel and became subject to them. So the Arameans were afraid to help the Ammonites anymore.

2 Samuel 12:15 וַיִּגֹּ֣ף and he struck

After Nathan had gone home, the LORD struck the child that Uriah’s wife had borne to David, and he became ill.

2 Samuel 18:7 וַיִּנָּ֤גְפוּ and they were defeated

There the people of Israel were defeated by David’s servants, and the slaughter was great that day—twenty thousand men.

1 Kings 8:33 בְּֽהִנָּגֵ֞ף when are defeated

When Your people Israel are defeated before an enemy because they have sinned against You, and they return to You and confess Your name, praying and pleading with You in this temple,

Here: 'When [Israel] is struck down.' The preposition 'in/when' plus a passive form of the verb pictures Israel being hit and broken in battle. The same root is used for God-sent plagues, so a hearer would take the defeat as a blow from God, not just bad luck on the battlefield.

2 Kings 14:12 וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף and it was defeated

And Judah was routed before Israel, and every man fled to his home.

1 Chronicles 19:16 נִגְּפוּ֮ they had been defeated

When the Arameans saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they sent messengers to bring more Arameans from beyond the Euphrates, with Shophach the commander of Hadadezer’s army leading them.

1 Chronicles 19:19 נִגְּפוּ֙ they had been defeated

When Hadadezer’s subjects saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they made peace with David and became subject to him. So the Arameans were unwilling to help the Ammonites anymore.

2 Chronicles 6:24 יִנָּגֵ֞ף it will be defeated

When Your people Israel are defeated before an enemy because they have sinned against You, and they return to You and confess Your name, praying and pleading before You in this temple,

2 Chronicles 13:15 נָגַ֤ף he defeated

and the men of Judah raised the battle cry. And when they raised the cry, God routed Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah.

2 Chronicles 13:20 וַיִּגְּפֵ֥הוּ and he struck him

Jeroboam did not again recover his power during the days of Abijah, and the LORD struck him down and he died.

2 Chronicles 14:12 וַיִּגֹּ֤ף and he defeated

So the LORD struck down the Cushites before Asa and Judah, and the Cushites fled.

2 Chronicles 20:22 וַיִּנָּגֵֽפוּ׃ and they were defeated

The moment they began their shouts and praises, the LORD set ambushes against the men of Ammon, Moab, and Mount Seir who had come against Judah, and they were defeated.

Here: "And they were struck down / routed": a passive form of the verb for striking a blow, the usual term for an army defeated in battle. Nobody human is named as the striker. Verse 23 shows how it happened.

2 Chronicles 21:14 נֹגֵ֛ף [is] about to strike

So behold, the LORD is about to strike your people, your sons, your wives, and all your possessions with a serious blow.

2 Chronicles 21:18 נְגָפ֨וֹ he struck him

After all this, the LORD afflicted Jehoram with an incurable disease of the bowels.

2 Chronicles 25:22 וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף and it was defeated

And Judah was routed before Israel, and every man fled to his own home.

Psalm 89:23 אֶגּֽוֹף׃ I will strike down

I will crush his foes before him and strike down those who hate him.

Here: "I will strike." The word is used for a deadly blow, for defeating an army, and often for God striking people with plague, as with Egypt. Putting it last in the line ends the verse on God's own blow.

Psalm 91:12 תִּגֹּ֖ף you should strike

They will lift you up in their hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.

Here: To strike against something. With a foot, it means to stub or catch it and stumble. The form can be read as "you strike (your foot)" or as "(your foot) strikes". The supplied parsing takes "foot" as the subject: "lest your foot stumble on the stone."

Proverbs 3:23 תִגּֽוֹף׃ it will strike

Then you will go on your way in safety, and your foot will not stumble.

Here: 'Will (not) strike.' The picture is a foot knocking against a stone or obstacle: stubbing a toe, tripping, getting hurt. It stands for coming to sudden harm along the road of life.

Isaiah 19:22 וְנָגַ֧ף נָגֹ֣ף and he will strike, striking

And the LORD will strike Egypt with a plague; He will strike them but heal them. They will turn to the LORD, and He will hear their prayers and heal them.

Jeremiah 13:16 יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּ they will stumble

Give glory to the LORD your God before He brings darkness, before your feet stumble on the dusky mountains. You wait for light, but He turns it into deep gloom and thick darkness.

Here: From a verb meaning 'to strike'. This form appears only here and suggests feet knocking themselves against rocks. It describes stubbing and tripping on a path you can no longer see.

Zechariah 14:12 יִגֹּ֤ף he will strike

And this will be the plague with which the LORD strikes all the peoples who have warred against Jerusalem: Their flesh will rot while they stand on their feet, their eyes will rot in their sockets, and their tongues will rot in their mouths.

Here: The verb from the same root as maggefah: literally "the blow which the LORD will blow," a sound-play that ties the punishment tightly to its divine source. It is the verb used of God striking Egypt in the Exodus (Exod 12:23, 27).

Zechariah 14:18 יִגֹּ֤ף he will strike

And if the people of Egypt will not go up and enter in, then the rain will not fall on them; this will be the plague with which the LORD strikes the nations who do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles.