נָגַשׂ

Exodus 3:7 נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו taskmasters its

The LORD said, “I have indeed seen the affliction of My people in Egypt. I have heard them crying out because of their oppressors, and I am aware of their sufferings.

Here: A participle of a verb meaning to drive hard or to demand payment: "those who drive [them]." These are the Egyptian labor overseers who enforce quotas (Exod 5:6–14). The 'its' is singular and probably looks back to the people as one body.

Exodus 5:6 הַנֹּגְשִׂ֣ים the taskmasters

That same day Pharaoh commanded the taskmasters of the people and their foremen:

Exodus 5:10 נֹגְשֵׂ֤י [the] taskmasters of

So the taskmasters and foremen of the people went out and said to them, “This is what Pharaoh says: ‘I am no longer giving you straw.

Exodus 5:13 וְהַנֹּגְשִׂ֖ים and the taskmasters

The taskmasters kept pressing them, saying, “Fulfill your quota each day, just as you did when straw was provided.”

Exodus 5:14 נֹגְשֵׂ֥י [the] taskmasters of

Then the Israelite foremen, whom Pharaoh’s taskmasters had set over the people, were beaten and asked, “Why have you not fulfilled your quota of bricks yesterday or today, as you did before?”

Deuteronomy 15:2 יִגֹּ֤שׂ he will press

This is the manner of remission: Every creditor shall cancel what he has loaned to his neighbor. He is not to collect anything from his neighbor or brother, because the LORD’s time of release has been proclaimed.

Deuteronomy 15:3 תִּגֹּ֑שׂ you will press

You may collect something from a foreigner, but you must forgive whatever your brother owes you.

1 Samuel 13:6 נִגַּ֖שׂ it was hard pressed

Seeing that they were in danger because their troops were hard-pressed, the men of Israel hid in caves and thickets, among the rocks, and in cellars and cisterns.

Here: A passive form of the verb used for Egypt's slave-drivers. The army was being pushed and hemmed in by enemy pressure. It describes outward force, not just a mood.

1 Samuel 14:24 נִגַּ֖שׂ he was hard pressed

Now the men of Israel were in distress that day, for Saul had placed the troops under an oath, saying, “Cursed is the man who eats any food before evening, before I have taken vengeance on my enemies.” So none of the troops tasted any food.

Here: A passive form of a verb for driving or oppressing, the root behind the Egyptian 'taskmasters' of Exodus. The troops were being driven to exhaustion. The same verb described Israel's plight in 13:6, which casts a shadow over a day the LORD had just turned to victory.

2 Kings 23:35 נָגַ֞שׂ he exacted

So Jehoiakim paid the silver and gold to Pharaoh Neco, but to meet Pharaoh’s demand he taxed the land and exacted the silver and the gold from the people, each according to his wealth.

Job 3:18 נֹגֵֽשׂ׃ a taskmaster

The captives enjoy their ease; they do not hear the voice of the oppressor.

Job 39:7 נ֝וֹגֵ֗שׂ a driver

He scorns the tumult of the city and never hears the shouts of a driver.

Isaiah 3:5 וְנִגַּ֣שׂ and it will oppress

The people will oppress one another, man against man, neighbor against neighbor; the young will rise up against the old, and the base against the honorable.

Here: The verb of the taskmaster and the debt collector, in a form that means either 'be hard pressed' or 'press one another'. The 'and' carries on from verse 4: God sets boys over them, and this is what follows.

Isaiah 3:12 נֹגְשָׂ֣יו oppressors its

Youths oppress My people, and women rule over them. O My people, your guides mislead you; they turn you from your paths.

Here: Literally 'its drivers / exactors'. The word was used for Pharaoh's slave-drivers (Exodus 3:7; 5:6) and for officials who squeezed out tribute (2 Kings 23:35). Here it is a bitter name for Judah's own rulers: they behave like Egypt's taskmasters toward their own people.

Isaiah 9:4 הַנֹּגֵ֣שׂ the [one who] oppresses

For as in the day of Midian You have shattered the yoke of their burden, the bar across their shoulders, and the rod of their oppressor.

Here: 'The one driving': the taskmaster who forces labor or the official who squeezes out tribute. It is the same word used for Pharaoh's slave-drivers in Exodus 3 and 5, so it carries an Exodus echo.

Isaiah 14:2 בְּנֹגְשֵׂיהֶֽם׃ ס over oppressors their

The nations will escort Israel and bring it to its homeland. Then the house of Israel will possess the nations as menservants and maidservants in the LORD’s land. They will make captives of their captors and rule over their oppressors.

Here: 'Over their taskmasters.' A nogeś is the overseer who drives forced labor or squeezes out tribute. It is the word for Pharaoh's slave-drivers in Exodus 3 and 5, and the 'oppressor' who falls in Isa 14:4.

Isaiah 14:4 נֹגֵ֔שׂ [the] oppressor

you will sing this song of contempt against the king of Babylon: How the oppressor has ceased, and how his fury has ended!

Here: 'Taskmaster', 'slave-driver', 'exactor'. This is the word for the Egyptian taskmasters of Exodus 3:7 and 5:6–14, and for collectors who squeeze out payments (2 Kgs 23:35). It is narrower and harsher than the general English 'oppressor': it names the man who forces labor and tribute.

Isaiah 53:7 נִגַּ֨שׂ he was oppressed

He was oppressed and afflicted, yet He did not open His mouth. He was led like a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is silent, so He did not open His mouth.

Here: Passive: 'he was driven hard, pressed'. It is the verb of the Egyptian taskmasters and of creditors pressing for payment. It opens the verse with harsh treatment imposed from outside.

Isaiah 58:3 תִּנְגֹּֽשׂוּ׃ you drive hard

“Why have we fasted, and You have not seen? Why have we humbled ourselves, and You have not noticed?” “Behold, on the day of your fast, you do as you please, and you oppress all your workers.

Here: 'You drive hard.' This is the word for Pharaoh's slave-drivers (Exodus 5) and for demanding payment of a debt (Deuteronomy 15:2–3). Those who fast act like Egypt's taskmasters.

Isaiah 60:17 וְנֹגְשַׂ֖יִךְ and taskmasters your

Instead of bronze I will bring you gold; I will bring silver in place of iron, bronze instead of wood, and iron instead of stones. I will appoint peace as your governor and righteousness as your ruler.

Here: "And your taskmasters / exactors": a participle, "those who drive you." It is the word for Pharaoh's slave-drivers and for officials who squeeze out tribute and debts. It is a harsh word, used here on purpose.

Daniel 11:20 נוֹגֵ֖שׂ an oppressor

In his place one will arise who will send out a tax collector for the glory of the kingdom; but within a few days he will be destroyed, though not in anger or in battle.

Zechariah 9:8 נֹגֵ֑שׂ an oppressor

But I will camp around My house because of an army, because of those who march to and fro, and never again will an oppressor overrun My people, for now I keep watch with My own eyes.

Here: 'A taskmaster.' This is the person who drives forced labour or squeezes out tribute. It is the word for Pharaoh's slave-drivers in Exodus 3 and 5, so it carries the memory of Egypt.

Zechariah 10:4 נוֹגֵ֖שׂ ruler

The cornerstone will come from Judah, the tent peg from him, as well as the battle bow and every ruler together.

Here: Literally 'one who drives or presses'. It is the word for Egypt's slave-drivers (Exodus 3:7; 5:6) and for tribute-collectors. Here it means a ruler with real, hard-edged authority. Most likely that power is now turned outward against Judah's enemies, or redeemed into just rule as in Isaiah 60:17. Its exact tone is debated.