נָהַג

Genesis 31:18 וַיִּנְהַ֣ג and he drove

and he drove all his livestock before him, along with all the possessions he had acquired in Paddan-aram, to go to his father Isaac in the land in Canaan.

Genesis 31:26 וַתְּנַהֵג֙ and you have led away

Then Laban said to Jacob, “What have you done? You have deceived me and carried off my daughters like captives of war!

Exodus 3:1 וַיִּנְהַ֤ג and he drove

Meanwhile, Moses was shepherding the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian. He led the flock to the far side of the wilderness and came to Horeb, the mountain of God.

Here: The ordinary herding verb for moving livestock along, driving them from behind or leading them on. This verb starts the forward action of the story. Later Scripture uses the same verb for God leading Israel 'like a flock in the wilderness' (Ps 78:52).

Exodus 10:13 נִהַ֤ג he drove

So Moses stretched out his staff over the land of Egypt, and throughout that day and night the LORD sent an east wind across the land. By morning the east wind had brought the locusts.

Exodus 14:25 וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֖הוּ and he caused to drive it

He caused their chariot wheels to wobble, so that they had difficulty driving. “Let us flee from the Israelites,” said the Egyptians, “for the LORD is fighting for them against Egypt!”

Here: 'And he drove it'. The singular 'it' is the chariotry as a whole. The subject is ambiguous: either God made the chariots go heavily, or each Egyptian driver could only drive heavily. The form is intensive, the normal one for driving a chariot or team (compare 2 Kings 9:20, Jehu 'drives like a madman').

Deuteronomy 4:27 יְנַהֵ֧ג he will drive away

Then the LORD will scatter you among the peoples, and only a few of you will survive among the nations to which the LORD will drive you.

Here: "He will drive": the intensive form used for driving livestock or marching off captives (Gen 31:26). Yahweh, Israel's shepherd, herds his flock out of the land and into foreign territory.

Deuteronomy 28:37 יְנַהֶגְךָ֥ he will drive away you

You will become an object of horror, scorn, and ridicule among all the nations to which the LORD will drive you.

Here: "He will drive you": the verb for driving herds or leading off captives. Here it is the forced march of deportation, and Yahweh is its subject: the exile is his act, not merely an enemy's.

1 Samuel 23:5 וַיִּנְהַג֙ and he drove away

Then David and his men went to Keilah, fought against the Philistines, and carried off their livestock, striking them with a mighty blow. So David saved the people of Keilah.

1 Samuel 30:2 וַיִּֽנְהֲג֔וּ and they had driven them away

They had taken captive the women and all who were there, both young and old. They had not killed anyone, but had carried them off as they went on their way.

1 Samuel 30:20 נָהֲג֗וּ they drove [them]

And he took all the flocks and herds, which his men drove ahead of the other livestock, calling out, “This is David’s plunder!”

1 Samuel 30:22 וְיִנְהֲג֖וּ so they may lead [them] away

but all the wicked and worthless men among those who had gone with David said, “Because they did not go with us, we will not share with them the plunder we recovered, except for each man’s wife and children. They may take them and go.”

2 Samuel 6:3 נֹהֲגִ֖ים [were] leading

They set the ark of God on a new cart and brought it from the house of Abinadab, which was on the hill. Uzzah and Ahio, the sons of Abinadab, were guiding the new cart,

2 Kings 4:24 נְהַ֣ג lead on

Then she saddled the donkey and told her servant, “Drive onward; do not slow the pace for me unless I tell you.”

2 Kings 9:20 יִנְהָֽג׃ he drives

Again the watchman reported, “He reached them, but he is not coming back. And the charioteer is driving like Jehu son of Nimshi—he is driving like a madman!”

1 Chronicles 13:7 נֹהֲגִ֖ים [were] leading

So they carried the ark of God from the house of Abinadab on a new cart, with Uzzah and Ahio guiding the cart.

1 Chronicles 20:1 וַיִּנְהַ֣ג and he lead out

In the spring, at the time when kings march out to war, Joab led out the army and ravaged the land of the Ammonites. He came to Rabbah and besieged it, but David remained in Jerusalem. And Joab attacked Rabbah and demolished it.

2 Chronicles 25:11 וַיִּנְהַג֙ and he led out

Amaziah, however, summoned his strength and led his troops to the Valley of Salt, where he struck down 10,000 men of Seir,

Job 24:3 יִנְהָ֑גוּ they drive away

They drive away the donkey of the fatherless and take the widow’s ox in pledge.

Psalm 48:14 יְנַהֲגֵ֣נוּ he will guide us

For this God is our God forever and ever; He will be our guide even till death.

Here: "He will lead us." The verb is the one used for a shepherd driving or leading a flock (Gen 31:18; Ps 78:52; Ps 80:1). It pictures God as the herdsman who moves his people along, a more active picture than a guide giving directions. The form looks to the future or describes ongoing action.

Psalm 78:26 וַיְנַהֵ֖ג and he led forth

He stirred the east wind from the heavens and drove the south wind by His might.

Here: 'And he drove.' This is a herdsman's verb for driving livestock. God herds the south wind the way a shepherd drives a flock, and the same verb is used of God leading Israel 'like a flock' in v. 52.

Psalm 78:52 וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֥ם and he led them

He led out His people like sheep and guided them like a flock in the wilderness.

Here: 'And he drove/led them'. This is the herdsman's verb. It covers walking ahead of animals and also moving them along from behind. It is the same word used when Moses 'led the flock to the far side of the wilderness' (Exodus 3:1). The verb's ending switches to 'them', so the one people is now a crowd of many individuals being moved along.

Psalm 80:1 נֹהֵ֣ג O [you who] lead

For the choirmaster. To the tune of “The Lilies of the Covenant.” A Psalm of Asaph. Hear us, O Shepherd of Israel, who leads Joseph like a flock; You who sit enthroned between the cherubim, shine forth

Here: A participle: 'the One who leads/drives.' The word is used for moving herds along (Gen 31:18; Exod 3:1). It recalls God guiding Israel through the wilderness 'like a flock' (Ps 78:52). It describes a herder actively moving the animals somewhere, not a gentle stroll.

Ecclesiastes 2:3 נֹהֵ֤ג [was] guiding

I sought to cheer my body with wine and to embrace folly—my mind still guiding me with wisdom—until I could see what was worthwhile for men to do under heaven during the few days of their lives.

Here: A participle describing continuing action: his mind was 'driving', as a herdsman drives a flock or a man drives a chariot. In later Hebrew the verb also means 'to conduct oneself'. In both readings, wisdom stays at the reins.

Song of Songs 8:2 אֶנְהָֽגֲךָ֗ I will lead you

I would lead you and bring you to the house of my mother who taught me. I would give you spiced wine to drink, the nectar of my pomegranates.

Isaiah 11:6 נֹהֵ֥ג [will be] leading

The wolf will live with the lamb, and the leopard will lie down with the goat; the calf and young lion and fatling will be together, and a little child will lead them.

Here: The ordinary word for herding animals or driving a chariot. The participle form shows an ongoing activity: the boy is herding them along, as a shepherd boy does.

Isaiah 20:4 יִנְהַ֣ג he will lead away

so the king of Assyria will lead away the captives of Egypt and the exiles of Cush, young and old alike, naked and barefoot, with bared buttocks—to Egypt’s shame.

Here: 'He will drive.' The verb is used for driving flocks and herds and for marching captives off; the picture is people herded along like animals, not escorted.

Isaiah 49:10 יְנַהֲגֵ֔ם he will guide them

They will not hunger or thirst, nor will scorching heat or sun beat down on them. For He who has compassion on them will guide them and lead them beside springs of water.

Here: 'Will lead them.' A herding word: Moses 'led the flock' (Exod 3:1), and God 'led them like a flock' through the wilderness (Ps 78:52). God is pictured as the shepherd walking his flock home.

Isaiah 60:11 נְהוּגִֽים׃ [will be] led

Your gates will always stand open; they will never be shut, day or night, so that the wealth of the nations may be brought into you, with their kings being led in procession.

Here: A passive form, 'being led / driven / conducted'. The verb is used for driving flocks, leading captives and escorting people. The clause does not say who leads the kings, or whether they come willingly or under compulsion.

Isaiah 63:14 נִהַ֣גְתָּ you led

Like cattle going down to the valley, the Spirit of the LORD gave them rest. You led Your people this way to make for Yourself a glorious name.

Lamentations 3:2 נָהַ֛ג he has driven

He has driven me away and made me walk in darkness instead of light.

Here: A completed action: 'he has driven'. The word is a herder's verb for moving animals along from behind, and it is also used for marching captives away. Coming right after the 'rod' of verse 1, it pictures the speaker being herded like an animal under a stick.

Nahum 2:7 מְנַֽהֲגוֹת֙ [are] moaning

It is decreed that the city be exiled and carried away; her maidservants moan like doves, and beat upon their breasts.

Here: Most likely 'moaning,' from a rare verb that fits the dove simile. The common homonym 'drive, lead' (used for driving herds and captives) stays in the background, which suits women who are being led away.