Hebrew word · H5116
נָוֶה
neveh
pasture
A pasture or grazing ground. Then a shepherd's encampment or fold. Then, in poetry, any settled dwelling or abode.
Appears 35 times in 34 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) abode, habitation, abode of shepherds or flocks, pasture
1a) abode (of sheep)
1b) abode (of shepherds)
1c) meadow
1d) habitation
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Proverbs 3:33
- Range of meaning
A pasture or grazing ground. Then a shepherd's encampment or fold. Then, in poetry, any settled dwelling or abode.
- Against the English
English versions use 'habitation', 'home' or 'dwelling'. All are acceptable, but none keeps the pastoral picture of a flock lying safely in its fold.
- Used elsewhere in the period
2 Sam 7:8 ('I took you from the pasture', min-hannaweh, said of David). Job 5:3 ('I saw the fool taking root, but suddenly I cursed his dwelling'), which combines curse and naweh. Job 5:24 ('you will visit your dwelling and miss nothing'). Job 8:6 (God will 'restore your righteous dwelling'). Prov 24:15 ('Do not lie in wait, wicked man, against the dwelling of the righteous'), which pairs naweh, the righteous and the wicked in a neighbour-harm setting much like this one.
From the study of Jeremiah 31:23
- Range of meaning
A pasture, a shepherd's fold or camp, a grazing place. By extension, a settled dwelling or homestead. In poetry it can mean God's dwelling.
- Against the English
KJV/BSB/WEB render it "habitation", "dwelling place" or "abode". These are accurate as far as they go, but they drop the pastoral image of a pasture where a flock lies safe.
- How it drifted
English lost the pastoral sense by choosing generic words for a dwelling. The Vulgate went another way: it seems to have connected the word with the similar-sounding nāʾweh ("lovely") and wrote pulchritudo, "beauty".
- Used elsewhere in the period
2 Samuel 7:8: "I took you from the nāweh, from following the sheep". Isaiah 65:10: Sharon a nĕwēh for flocks. Exodus 15:13: God leads his people to "your holy nāweh". Jeremiah 50:7, strikingly, calls Yahweh himself "the nĕwēh-ṣedeq", the rightful pasture of their fathers.
From the study of Isaiah 32:18
- Range of meaning
A pasture or grazing ground. The shepherd's camp or fold beside it. By extension a settled abode or homestead, and sometimes a poetic name for a land or for God's holy dwelling (Exod 15:13, "your holy naveh").
- Against the English
"Habitation" (KJV, WEB) and "place" (BSB) are accurate but colourless. They lose the pastoral picture of a flock lying down safely in good grazing land.
- How it drifted
Nothing has drifted. The shepherd image simply gets lost when the word is rendered with general words for a house or place.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Used of pasture for flocks (2 Sam 7:8, "I took you from the naveh, from following the sheep"; Isa 65:10; Jer 23:3, "I will bring them back to their naveh"). Isaiah 33:20 calls Jerusalem "a naveh at ease (shaʾanan), a tent that will not be moved." That verse uses two of this verse's words together. Psalm 23:2 uses the related plural noʾot ("green pastures") alongside menuchot ("rest").
Where it appears
Exodus · 1
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Exodus 15:13 נְוֵ֥ה [the] abode of
With loving devotion You will lead the people You have redeemed; with Your strength You will guide them to Your holy dwelling.
Here: "Pasture / abode of." It is a shepherd's term for grazing land and the encampment beside it (2 Sam 7:8). Since God is the shepherd here, the destination is his own home pasture, where his flock settles with him.
2 Samuel · 2
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2 Samuel 7:8 הַנָּוֶ֔ה the pasture
Now then, you are to tell My servant David that this is what the LORD of Hosts says: I took you from the pasture, from following the flock, to be the ruler over My people Israel.
Here: 'The grazing-ground.' The open pasture-land and shepherd's station where flocks were kept. The same word can mean a dwelling, and Exodus 15:13 uses it for God's own holy abode.
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2 Samuel 15:25 נָוֵֽהוּ׃ habitation his
Then the king said to Zadok, “Return the ark of God to the city. If I find favor in the eyes of the LORD, He will bring me back and let me see both it and His dwelling place again.
1 Chronicles · 1
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1 Chronicles 17:7 הַנָּוֶ֔ה the pasture
Now then, you are to tell My servant David that this is what the LORD of Hosts says: I took you from the pasture, from following the flock, to be the ruler over My people Israel.
Job · 4
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Job 5:3 נָוֵ֣הוּ habitation his
I have seen a fool taking root, but suddenly his house was cursed.
Here: "His homestead". The word comes from pastoral life and suggests the settled place of a man's family and flocks, which is the very thing the rooted fool has built.
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Job 5:24 נָ֝וְךָ estate your
You will know that your tent is secure, and find nothing amiss when inspecting your home.
Here: A pastoral word for the place where flocks graze or are penned, and so the herding homestead. It pairs with 'tent' as the second half of the same picture: the family and the livestock.
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Job 8:6 נְוַ֣ת [the] abode of
if you are pure and upright, even now He will rouse Himself on your behalf and restore your righteous estate.
Here: A shepherd's word: the grazing ground and the settled dwelling around it, a herdsman's estate. It fits Job, a patriarch of flocks and herds whose house and livestock have just been wiped out.
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Job 18:15 נָוֵ֣הוּ estate his
Fire resides in his tent; burning sulfur rains down on his dwelling.
Psalms · 2
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Psalm 68:12 וּנְוַת and [the] beautiful woman of
“Kings and their armies flee in haste; she who waits at home divides the plunder.
Here: A feminine form bound to "house". It can mean "she who abides in (the house)", from the root for dwelling or settling, or "the beautiful one / the lady of (the house)", from a similar-sounding root for "lovely". Either way it is the woman who stayed home, not the fighters, and she ends up with the spoil.
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Psalm 79:7 נָוֵ֥הוּ habitation its
for they have devoured Jacob and devastated his homeland.
Here: 'His pasture-dwelling': the grazing ground and settled home of a flock and its shepherd. It continues the picture of Jacob as a flock. The same word can also name God's holy dwelling (Exod 15:13), so it may also point to Jerusalem and the temple.
Proverbs · 3
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Proverbs 3:33 וּנְוֵ֖ה and [the] habitation of
The curse of the LORD is on the house of the wicked, but He blesses the home of the righteous.
Here: A poetic word that first meant a pasture or shepherd's encampment and then any settled home. It is a homelier, more pastoral word than 'house', and it pictures a household safely at rest.
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Proverbs 21:20 בִּנְוֵ֣ה [are] in [the] habitation of
Precious treasures and oil are in the dwelling of the wise, but a foolish man consumes them.
Here: The word first meant a pasture or shepherd's camp, then a settled home. It pictures the wise person's household, with its stores still on hand.
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Proverbs 24:15 לִנְוֵ֣ה to [the] habitation of
Do not lie in wait, O wicked man, near the dwelling of the righteous; do not destroy his resting place.
Here: 'Against the homestead of.' Navéh is a pastoral word for a shepherd's pasture-dwelling, the fold and home where a family and its flocks live. It echoes Proverbs 3:33, where the LORD 'blesses the abode (navéh) of the righteous.'
Isaiah · 6
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Isaiah 27:10 נָוֶ֕ה a habitation
For the fortified city lies deserted—a homestead abandoned, a wilderness forsaken. There the calves graze, and there they lie down; they strip its branches bare.
Here: The word usually names a herder's grazing ground or a settled homestead. Here it is ironic: the place people lived in has become a pasture in the literal sense.
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Isaiah 32:18 בִּנְוֵ֣ה in a habitation of
Then my people will dwell in a peaceful place, in safe and secure places of rest.
Here: "In a pasture-home of." Naveh is first of all a shepherd's word for the grazing ground where a flock rests, and the encampment beside it. From there it widens to mean a settled home. The picture is pastoral: a flock lying down in good pasture.
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Isaiah 33:20 נָוֶ֣ה a habitation
Look upon Zion, the city of our appointed feasts. Your eyes will see Jerusalem, a peaceful pasture, a tent that does not wander; its tent pegs will not be pulled up, nor will any of its cords be broken.
Here: A herder's word: the grazing ground and the camp beside it where a flock rests. Applied to a walled city, it pictures Jerusalem as a safe fold, and recalls 'your holy abode' of Exod 15:13.
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Isaiah 34:13 נְוֵ֣ה a habitation of
Her towers will be overgrown with thorns, her fortresses with thistles and briers. She will become a haunt for jackals, an abode for ostriches.
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Isaiah 35:7 בִּנְוֵ֤ה in a habitation of
The parched ground will become a pool, the thirsty land springs of water. In the haunt where jackals once lay, there will be grass and reeds and papyrus.
Here: "In the abode of." The word usually means a grazing place or a shepherd's encampment. Here it is used with grim irony for a lair of wild animals in a ruined, empty land.
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Isaiah 65:10 לִנְוֵה־ <into> a pasture of
Sharon will become a pasture for flocks, and the Valley of Achor a resting place for herds, for My people who seek Me.
Jeremiah · 11
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Jeremiah 10:25 נָוֵ֖הוּ habitation his
Pour out Your wrath on the nations that do not acknowledge You, and on the families that do not call on Your name. For they have devoured Jacob; they have consumed him and finished him off; they have devastated his homeland.
Here: 'His pasture-home.' The word means a grazing ground or shepherd's encampment, and by extension a homeland. It continues the flock imagery of v. 21, where the flock is scattered.
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Jeremiah 23:3 נְוֵהֶ֖ן pasture their
Then I Myself will gather the remnant of My flock from all the lands to which I have banished them, and I will return them to their pasture, where they will be fruitful and multiply.
Here: 'Their pasture' or 'their home range'. The grazing land and settlement a flock belongs to. Here it stands for the land of Israel as the people's home ground.
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Jeremiah 25:30 נָוֵ֔הוּ habitation his
So you are to prophesy all these words against them and say to them: ‘The LORD will roar from on high; He will raise His voice from His holy habitation. He will roar loudly over His pasture; like those who tread the grapes, He will call out with a shout against all the inhabitants of the earth.
Here: A naveh is a shepherd's grazing ground or homestead. Elsewhere it is used for Israel's land and Jerusalem as God's own pasture (Jer 10:25; 31:23; Exod 15:13). God roars against his own fold, as vv. 34–38 go on to show with ruined pastures and wailing shepherds.
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Jeremiah 31:23 נְוֵה־ O abode of
This is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: “When I restore them from captivity, they will once again speak this word in the land of Judah and in its cities: ‘May the LORD bless you, O righteous dwelling place, O holy mountain.’
Here: Literally a shepherd's pasture or encampment, and from there a settled home. It prepares for verse 24, where farmers and people who move with their flocks live in the land again.
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Jeremiah 33:12 נְוֵ֣ה pasture of
This is what the LORD of Hosts says: In this desolate place, without man or beast, and in all its cities, there will once more be pastures for shepherds to rest their flocks.
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Jeremiah 49:19 נְוֵ֣ה pastureland of
Behold, one will come up like a lion from the thickets of the Jordan to the watered pasture. For in an instant I will chase Edom from her land. Who is the chosen one I will appoint for this? For who is like Me, and who can challenge Me? What shepherd can stand against Me?”
Here: 'Pasture of': a herders' grazing ground, and by extension a settled home. Edom is pictured as a flock at rest in its fold. The next verse picks the word up again: 'their pasture will be appalled' (v. 20).
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Jeremiah 49:20 נְוֵהֶֽם׃ pastureland their
Therefore hear the plans that the LORD has drawn up against Edom and the strategies He has devised against the people of Teman: Surely the little ones of the flock will be dragged away; certainly their pasture will be made desolate because of them.
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Jeremiah 50:7 נְוֵה־ [the] habitation of
All who found them devoured them, and their enemies said, ‘We are not guilty, for they have sinned against the LORD, their true pasture, the LORD, the hope of their fathers.’
Here: 'Pasture of', the grazing ground and fold where a flock lives safely. It answers v. 6, where the sheep 'forgot their resting place.' Here Yahweh himself is the pasture they left.
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Jeremiah 50:19 נָוֵ֔הוּ pasture its
I will return Israel to his pasture, and he will graze on Carmel and Bashan; his soul will be satisfied on the hills of Ephraim and Gilead.
Here: 'His pasture': the home range where a flock grazes and rests, with the camp or fold that goes with it. It is both food and home. The possessive says it belongs to him.
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Jeremiah 50:44 נְוֵ֣ה pastureland of
Behold, one will come up like a lion from the thickets of the Jordan to the watered pasture. For in an instant I will chase Babylon from her land. Who is the chosen one I will appoint for this? For who is like Me, and who can challenge Me? What shepherd can stand against Me?”
Here: 'Pasture of': the grazing ground and fold where flocks rest. KJV's 'habitation' is possible, but the shepherd image of the verse shows a sheep pasture is meant. Babylon is pictured as a well-fed flock in its fold.
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Jeremiah 50:45 נָוֶֽה׃ [the] pastureland
Therefore hear the plans that the LORD has drawn up against Babylon and the strategies He has devised against the land of the Chaldeans: Surely the little ones of the flock will be dragged away; certainly their pasture will be made desolate because of them.
Ezekiel · 3
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Ezekiel 25:5 לִנְוֵ֣ה into a pasture of
I will make Rabbah a pasture for camels, and Ammon a resting place for sheep. Then you will know that I am the LORD.’
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Ezekiel 34:14 נְוֵהֶ֑ם בְּנָ֣וֶה pastureland their, in pastureland
I will feed them in good pasture, and the lofty mountains of Israel will be their grazing land. There they will lie down in a good grazing land; they will feed in rich pasture on the mountains of Israel.
Hosea · 1
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Hosea 9:13 בְנָוֶ֑ה in pastureland
I have seen Ephraim, like Tyre, planted in a meadow. But Ephraim will bring out his children for slaughter.
Here: 'In a meadow / in pastureland.' The word means a grassy pasture, and by extension a settled, safe dwelling. It is a picture of a well-watered, secure, flourishing spot. KJV's 'pleasant place' catches the feeling.
Zephaniah · 1
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Zephaniah 2:6 נְוֹ֛ת pastures of
So the seacoast will become a land of pastures, with wells for shepherds and folds for sheep.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.