סוּפָה

Numbers 21:14 בְּסוּפָ֔ה in Suphah

Therefore it is stated in the Book of the Wars of the LORD: “Waheb in Suphah and the wadis of the Arnon,

Job 21:18 סוּפָֽה׃ a storm-wind

Are they like straw before the wind, like chaff swept away by a storm?

Here: A violent, sweeping storm. In Hebrew poetry this kind of wind ends things and carries them off (Isaiah 17:13; Proverbs 1:27). It comes last in the line for emphasis: the storm itself is the thief.

Job 27:20 סוּפָֽה׃ a storm-wind

Terrors overtake him like a flood; a tempest sweeps him away in the night.

Job 37:9 סוּפָ֑ה a storm-wind

The tempest comes from its chamber, and the cold from the driving north winds.

Psalm 83:15 וּבְסוּפָתְךָ֥ and with storm-wind your

so pursue them with Your tempest, and terrify them with Your storm.

Here: 'And with your storm-wind.' A sweeping, destructive wind that drives chaff and dust before it, which links back to the tumbleweed and chaff of verse 13. It stands in parallel with 'tempest', so the two words together paint one great storm.

Proverbs 1:27 כְּסוּפָ֣ה like a storm-wind

when your dread comes like a storm, and your destruction like a whirlwind, when distress and anguish overwhelm you.

Here: A violent, sweeping windstorm such as the desert gales that strip land bare. Proverbs 10:25 uses the same picture: 'When the storm has passed, the wicked are no more.'

Proverbs 10:25 ס֭וּפָה a storm-wind

When the whirlwind passes, the wicked are no more, but the righteous are secure forever.

Here: A sudden, violent windstorm, the kind that flattens what is not well built. In Proverbs and the prophets it stands for sudden disaster or divine judgment (Prov 1:27; Hos 8:7; Nah 1:3).

Isaiah 5:28 כַּסּוּפָֽה׃ like <the> storm-wind

Their arrows are sharpened, and all their bows are strung. The hooves of their horses are like flint; their chariot wheels are like a whirlwind.

Isaiah 17:13 סוּפָֽה׃ a storm-wind

The nations rage like the rush of many waters. He rebukes them, and they flee far away, driven before the wind like chaff on the hills, like tumbleweeds before a gale.

Here: 'A storm-wind' — a violent gale, often the vehicle of God's appearing and judgment (Nahum 1:3). The wind of the first image has risen to a storm.

Isaiah 21:1 כְּסוּפ֤וֹת like storm-winds

This is the burden against the Desert by the Sea: Like whirlwinds sweeping through the Negev, an invader comes from the desert, from a land of terror.

Here: The preposition 'like' is attached to the plural of sûpâ, a violent windstorm. The comparison describes the speed and force of what is coming. These are the destructive gales of the desert, not necessarily spinning tornadoes.

Isaiah 29:6 סוּפָה֙ a storm-wind

you will be visited by the LORD of Hosts with thunder and earthquake and loud noise, with windstorm and tempest and consuming flame of fire.

Here: A violent storm-wind that sweeps things away. It follows straight from v. 5, where the enemy hordes are 'chaff passing by': this is the wind that blows them off.

Isaiah 66:15 וְכַסּוּפָ֖ה and [will be] like the storm-wind

For behold, the LORD will come with fire—His chariots are like a whirlwind—to execute His anger with fury and His rebuke with flames of fire.

Here: 'And like the gale'. A sufah is a violent, destructive windstorm, not necessarily a spinning tornado. His chariots come on with the speed and force of a storm that flattens everything in its path.

Jeremiah 4:13 וְכַסּוּפָה֙ and like the storm-wind

Behold, he advances like the clouds, his chariots like the whirlwind. His horses are swifter than eagles. Woe to us, for we are ruined!

Here: A violent gale that sweeps everything away. It picks up the scorching desert wind of vv. 11–12 and compares the roar and dust of massed chariots to it.

Hosea 8:7 וְסוּפָ֣תָה and a storm-wind <towards>

For they sow the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind. There is no standing grain; what sprouts fails to yield flour. Even if it should produce, the foreigners would swallow it up.

Here: "And a storm." This is a violent, destructive gale, much stronger than the *rûaḥ* that was sown. The extra *-āh* ending is most likely a poetic flourish, not a real "towards" (see textual notes). Like "wind," it comes first for emphasis.

Amos 1:14 סוּפָֽה a storm-wind

So I will kindle a fire in the walls of Rabbah to consume its citadels amid war cries on the day of battle and a violent wind on the day of tempest.

Here: A destructive gale that sweeps things away, often a desert windstorm (Isa 21:1). Paired with saʿar, it makes a storm-on-storm climax: Rabbah's fall comes like a natural disaster no wall can stop.

Nahum 1:3 בְּסוּפָ֤ה [is] in storm-wind

The LORD is slow to anger and great in power; the LORD will by no means leave the guilty unpunished. His path is in the whirlwind and storm, and clouds are the dust beneath His feet.

Here: 'In a gale'. A violent, sweeping windstorm that scatters chaff and flattens things. It is the vehicle of his coming. The letter bet here is usually taken as the B-line of the poem's partial alphabet sequence.