Hebrew word · H6522
פְּרִזִּי
vehapperizi
Perizzite
A people group in pre-Israelite Canaan. It appears in the standard lists of the land's inhabitants (Gen 15:20; Exod 3:8) and is often paired with the Canaanites (Gen 34:30; Judg 1:4–5). Its origin is uncertain. Others suggest a non-Semitic (possibly Hurrian) origin.
Appears 23 times in 23 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
Someone descended from Periz(?), first mentioned at Gen.13.7
§ Perizzite = "belonging to a village"
a people who inhabited southern Canaan prior to the conquest
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Genesis 13:7
- Range of meaning
A people group in pre-Israelite Canaan. It appears in the standard lists of the land's inhabitants (Gen 15:20; Exod 3:8) and is often paired with the Canaanites (Gen 34:30; Judg 1:4–5). Its origin is uncertain. Many link it to perazi/perazot, "open country, unwalled villages" (Deut 3:5; Esth 9:19; Ezek 38:11). On that view it may be a description of a way of life ("village-dwellers") rather than an ethnic name. Others suggest a non-Semitic (possibly Hurrian) origin.
- Against the English
English keeps the name as "Perizzites," which suggests a distinct nation. The Hebrew may have described people living in open settlements, as opposed to walled towns.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Mentioned in Genesis–Joshua and Judges, and in 1 Kgs 9:20 among the peoples Solomon put to forced labour. No inscription outside the Bible clearly names them.
- Range of meaning
A people of Canaan named almost only in lists of pre-Israelite nations. Many lexicons (BDB, HALOT) note a possible link with perazi / perazot, 'open country, unwalled villages' (Deut 3:5; 1 Sam 6:18; Ezek 38:11). On that view the name may describe a way of life, rural villagers, rather than an ethnic descent.
- Against the English
English readers take 'Perizzites' as the name of a nation like 'Moabites'. The Hebrew may carry a social or geographic sense, 'hamlet-dwellers', but the link is not certain.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Gen 13:7 and 34:30 (Canaanites and Perizzites together); Josh 17:15 (Perizzites in the forested hill country); Judg 1:4–5. There is no clear mention outside the Bible.
- Range of meaning
A group living in the central hill country (Gen 34:30; Josh 17:15; Judg 1:4–5). Many scholars connect the name with pərāzôt / pərāzî, 'open country, unwalled settlement' (Deut 3:5; Esth 9:19; Ezek 38:11).
- Against the English
English 'Perizzites' looks like a nation's name. If the derivation is right, Hebrew hearers may have heard something more like 'the open-village people'. The derivation is not certain.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Not attested outside the Bible. Usually paired with 'the Canaanite' (Gen 13:7; 34:30; Judg 1:4–5).
Where it appears
Genesis · 3
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Genesis 13:7 וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י and the Perizzite[s]
And there was discord between the herdsmen of Abram and the herdsmen of Lot. At that time the Canaanites and the Perizzites were also living in the land.
Here: "And the Perizzite." Another local population. The name may be connected to a Hebrew word for open, unwalled villages, so it may mean something like "village-dwellers." Its exact identity is uncertain.
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Genesis 15:20 הַפְּרִזִּ֖י the Perizzite[s]
Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites,
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Genesis 34:30 וּבַפְּרִזִּ֑י and among the Perizzite[s]
Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have brought trouble upon me by making me a stench to the Canaanites and Perizzites, the people of this land. We are few in number; if they unite against me and attack me, I and my household will be destroyed.”
Here: A second local population. The same pair appears in Genesis 13:7, where Abram and Lot's herdsmen quarrel 'while the Canaanite and the Perizzite were dwelling in the land.' Here too it signals outsiders surrounded by locals.
Exodus · 5
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Exodus 3:8 וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י and the Perizzite[s]
I have come down to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land to a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey—the home of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.
Here: 'And the Perizzite.' The group is not known outside the Bible. The name may be linked to the Hebrew word for open, unwalled villages, but that is uncertain.
-
Exodus 3:17 וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י and the Perizzite[s]
And I have promised to bring you up out of your affliction in Egypt, into the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites—a land flowing with milk and honey.’
Here: Probably connected with perazot, 'open, unwalled villages,' so possibly 'villagers' or rural people rather than a single ethnic group. They are linked with the central hills around Bethel and Shechem (Gen 13:7; 34:30).
-
Exodus 23:23 וְהַפְּרִזִּי֙ and the Perizzite[s]
For My angel will go before you and bring you into the land of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hivites, and Jebusites, and I will annihilate them.
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Exodus 33:2 וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י and the Perizzite[s]
And I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.
Here: "And the Perizzite." No source outside the Bible mentions them. The name may be linked to perazi, 'open, unwalled country', which would make them village people rather than city dwellers. That link is uncertain.
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Exodus 34:11 וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י and the Perizzite[s]
Observe what I command you this day. I will drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.
Here: 'And the Perizzite': a group known only from the Bible. The name may come from perazi, 'dweller in open, unwalled country' (Deut 3:5), but that is uncertain.
Deuteronomy · 2
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Deuteronomy 7:1 וְהַפְּרִזִּ֗י and the Perizzite[s]
When the LORD your God brings you into the land that you are entering to possess, and He drives out before you many nations—the Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations larger and stronger than you—
Here: 'And the Perizzite.' The name may be connected with perazi, 'open, unwalled villages'. If so, it may describe people who lived in hamlets rather than a separate ethnic group.
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Deuteronomy 20:17 וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י and the Perizzite[s]
For you must devote them to complete destruction—the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites—as the LORD your God has commanded you,
Joshua · 6
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Joshua 3:10 הַפְּרִזִּי֙ the Perizzite[s]
He continued, “This is how you will know that the living God is among you and that He will surely drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites.
Here: An obscure group. The name may be related to perazot, 'open, unwalled villages' (compare Deut 3:5), so possibly 'country-dwellers.' That link is uncertain.
-
Joshua 9:1 הַפְּרִזִּ֔י the Perizzite[s]
Now when news of this reached all the kings west of the Jordan—those in the hill country, the foothills, and all along the coast of the Great Sea toward Lebanon (the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites)—
Here: An obscure group. The name may be connected with perazot, 'open, unwalled villages,' which would make them rural village-dwellers, but this is uncertain.
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Joshua 11:3 וְהַפְּרִזִּ֥י and the Perizzite[s]
to the Canaanites in the east and west; to the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites in the hill country; and to the Hivites at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpah.
Here: 'And the Perizzite', a people known almost only from these lists. The name may be linked to a word for open, unwalled villages, which would make them 'village folk' of the highlands.
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Joshua 12:8 הַפְּרִזִּ֔י the Perizzite[s]
the hill country, the foothills, the Arabah, the slopes, the wilderness, and the Negev—the lands of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites):
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Joshua 17:15 הַפְּרִזִּ֖י the Perizzite[s]
Joshua answered them, “If you have so many people that the hill country of Ephraim is too small for you, go to the forest and clear for yourself an area in the land of the Perizzites and the Rephaim.”
Here: The Perizzites, one of the peoples listed as living in Canaan. The singular with 'the' is a collective, meaning the whole group. The name may be linked to pərāzî, 'open country / unwalled settlement'.
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Joshua 24:11 וְהַפְּרִזִּ֜י and the Perizzite[s]
After this, you crossed the Jordan and came to Jericho. The people of Jericho fought against you, as did the Amorites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hittites, Girgashites, Hivites, and Jebusites, and I delivered them into your hand.
Judges · 3
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Judges 1:4 וְהַפְּרִזִּ֖י and the Perizzite[s]
When Judah attacked, the LORD delivered the Canaanites and Perizzites into their hands, and they struck down ten thousand men at Bezek.
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Judges 1:5 הַפְּרִזִּֽי׃ the Perizzite[s]
And there they found Adoni-bezek and fought against him, striking down the Canaanites and Perizzites.
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Judges 3:5 וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י and the Perizzite[s]
Thus the Israelites continued to live among the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.
Here: A group known only from the Bible. The name may be connected with the word for an open, unwalled village (pərāzôt). If so, it may describe rural highland villagers rather than a separate nation. Uncertain.
1 Kings · 1
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1 Kings 9:20 הַפְּרִזִּי֙ the Perizzite[s]
As for all the people who remained of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites (the people who were not Israelites)—
2 Chronicles · 1
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2 Chronicles 8:7 וְהַפְּרִזִּי֙ and the Perizzite[s]
As for all the people who remained of the Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites (these people were not Israelites)—
Ezra · 1
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Ezra 9:1 הַפְּרִזִּ֣י the Perizzite[s]
After these things had been accomplished, the leaders approached me and said, “The people of Israel, including the priests and Levites, have not kept themselves separate from the surrounding peoples whose abominations are like those of the Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Jebusites, Ammonites, Moabites, Egyptians, and Amorites.
Here: An obscure pre-Israelite group, known only from the Bible's lists. Some link the name to 'open, unwalled villages', but that is uncertain. It too belongs to the Deuteronomy 7:1 list.
Nehemiah · 1
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Nehemiah 9:8 וְהַפְּרִזִּ֛י and the Perizzite[s]
You found his heart faithful before You, and made a covenant with him to give the land of the Canaanites and Hittites, of the Amorites and Perizzites, of the Jebusites and Girgashites—to give it to his descendants. You have kept Your promise, because You are righteous.
Here: A group in the central hill country; the name may be connected with unwalled villages, but that is uncertain.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.