Hebrew word · H6679
צוּד
tzod
to hunt
To hunt game (Gen 27:3, Esau hunting), and figuratively to stalk or ensnare a person (Lam 3:52; Mic 7:2; Ezek 13:18).
Appears 18 times in 15 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) to hunt
1a) (Qal) to hunt
1b) (Poel) to hunt, hunt eagerly or keenly
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Proverbs 6:26
- Range of meaning
To hunt game (Gen 27:3, Esau hunting), and figuratively to stalk or ensnare a person (Lam 3:52; Mic 7:2; Ezek 13:18).
- Against the English
KJV/WEB/YLT 'hunt(s)', ESV 'hunts down' and NIV/BSB 'preys on' all keep the predator image. NLT replaces it with what it costs the man and loses the image.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Proverbs often pictures the seductress as hunter or trapper: the bird hurrying into the snare and the ox to slaughter (7:22–23), the deep pit (22:14; 23:27).
- Range of meaning
To hunt game; to lie in wait for or catch, whether animals, birds or people. Related nouns are tsayid ('game, hunted food, provisions') and tsayyad ('hunter').
- Against the English
English 'hunt' is accurate. What it can hide is that in Hebrew the same root also names the result of hunting, the food. So 'hunting for' someone means feeding them.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Used of Esau hunting game for Isaac (Gen 27:3, 5, 33). Of people being hunted (Lam 3:52; 4:18; Mic 7:2). Of Job's accusation against God: 'like a lion you hunt me' (Job 10:16). The noun returns two verses later: 'Who provides for the raven its prey (tsedo)?' (38:41).
- Range of meaning
A reflexive verb form (Hebrew 'hithpael') of ṣwd II, made from the noun ṣêdāh / ṣēdāh, 'provisions for a journey'. Meaning: 'to supply oneself with provisions', 'to pack food for the road'. It is a different word from the identical-looking ṣwd I, 'to hunt' (ṣayid, 'game'). The two are probably related, since a hunter's catch was food for the road.
- Against the English
KJV/WEB: 'we took ... for our provision(s)'; BSB: 'packed'. All are accurate. 'Packed' is natural English, though it loses the echo of the elders' instruction in 9:11 ('take provisions [ṣêdāh] for the road').
- Used elsewhere in the period
The verb is very rare: here and possibly in Joshua 9:4 (see textual notes). The noun ṣêdāh is common for travel or campaign rations (Genesis 42:25; 45:21; Exodus 12:39; Joshua 1:11).
Where it appears
Genesis · 3
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Genesis 27:3 וְצ֥וּדָה and hunt !
Take your weapons—your quiver and bow—and go out into the field to hunt some game for me.
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Genesis 27:5 לָצ֥וּד to hunt
Now Rebekah was listening to what Isaac told his son Esau. So when Esau went into the field to hunt game and bring it back,
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Genesis 27:33 הַצָּֽד־ who hunted
Isaac began to tremble violently and said, “Who was it, then, who hunted the game and brought it to me? Before you came in, I ate it all and blessed him—and indeed, he will be blessed!”
Leviticus · 1
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Leviticus 17:13 יָצ֜וּד he will hunt
And if any Israelite or foreigner living among them hunts down a wild animal or bird that may be eaten, he must drain its blood and cover it with dirt.
Joshua · 1
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Joshua 9:12 הִצְטַיַּ֤דְנוּ we took as our provisions
This bread of ours was warm when we packed it at home on the day we left to come to you. But look, it is now dry and moldy.
Here: 'We provisioned ourselves (with it)': a rare reflexive verb built from the noun 'travel provisions' (ṣêdāh), the same word the elders used in 9:11. It means packing food for a journey.
Job · 2
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Job 10:16 תְּצוּדֵ֑נִי you hunt me
Should I hold my head high, You would hunt me like a lion, and again display Your power against me.
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Job 38:39 הֲתָצ֣וּד ¿ will you hunt
Can you hunt the prey for a lioness or satisfy the hunger of young lions
Here: The prefix ha- turns the sentence into a question, and the verb is 'you will hunt / can you hunt'. Coming first, it puts Job in the hunter's role and asks whether he can go out and kill game. It echoes Job's own complaint in 10:16 that God 'hunts' him like a lion.
Psalms · 1
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Psalm 140:11 יְ֝צוּדֶ֗נּוּ let it hunt him
May no slanderer be established in the land; may calamity hunt down the man of violence.
Here: 'Let it hunt him' or 'it will hunt him'. The verb is used for hunting game. The man who laid snares, nets and traps for the psalmist (v. 5) becomes the hunted animal.
Proverbs · 1
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Proverbs 6:26 תָצֽוּד׃ פ she hunts
For the levy of the prostitute is poverty, and the adulteress preys upon your very life.
Here: 'She hunts': the picture is a hunter stalking prey. The verb's form describes something she habitually does. In the second line the married woman is the one who acts, and the man is the game.
Jeremiah · 1
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Jeremiah 16:16 וְצָד֞וּם and they will hunt them
But for now I will send for many fishermen, declares the LORD, and they will catch them. After that I will send for many hunters, and they will hunt them down on every mountain and hill, even from the clefts of the rocks.
Here: 'And they will hunt them': stalk, trap and take as prey. The word is used elsewhere for hunting a person's life (1 Sam 24:11; Lam 3:52).
Lamentations · 3
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Lamentations 3:52 צ֥וֹד צָד֛וּנִי certainly <to hunt>, they hunted me
Without cause my enemies hunted me like a bird.
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Lamentations 4:18 צָד֣וּ they hunted
They stalked our every step, so that we could not walk in our streets. Our end drew near, our time ran out, for our end had come!
Here: A hunter's word, used for tracking and taking game. The people of Jerusalem describe themselves as prey being tracked by an unnamed 'they', the enemy. The perfect form looks back on what happened.
Ezekiel · 4
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Ezekiel 13:18 לְצוֹדֵ֣ד תְּצוֹדֵ֣דְנָה to hunt, will you hunt
and tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: Woe to the women who sew magic charms on their wrists and make veils for the heads of people of every height, in order to ensnare their souls. Will you ensnare the souls of My people but preserve your own?
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Ezekiel 13:20 מְצֹדְד֨וֹת מְצֹדְד֥וֹת [are] hunting
Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: See, I am against the magic charms with which you ensnare souls like birds, and I will tear them from your arms. So I will free the souls you have ensnared like birds.
Micah · 1
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Micah 7:2 יָצ֥וּדוּ they hunt
The godly man has perished from the earth; there is no one upright among men. They all lie in wait for blood; they hunt one another with a net.
Here: The verb for hunting game, as Esau hunted. People treat their kin as prey to be tracked and caught. The plural verb with the singular 'each' gives the sense 'they hunt, every one of them, his brother'.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.