Hebrew word · H6723

צִיָּה

tziyah

dryness

Dryness, drought; dry, waterless land (Ps 63:1; 78:17; Isa 35:1; Jer 2:6, "a land of drought and deep darkness"; Job 24:19).

Appears 16 times in 16 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

dryness, drought, desert

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Hosea 2:3

Range of meaning

Dryness, drought; dry, waterless land (Ps 63:1; 78:17; Isa 35:1; Jer 2:6, "a land of drought and deep darkness"; Job 24:19).

Against the English

"Dry land" (KJV/WEB) can sound neutral, like dry land as opposed to sea (Gen 1:9, a different word). BSB's "parched land" carries the sense of land that has failed and has no water.

Used elsewhere in the period

Often paired with midbar to describe the wilderness of wandering (Jer 2:6; Ps 78:17–19).

From the study of Psalm 105:41

Range of meaning

Dryness, drought; dry, parched land; desert. Often paired with 'wilderness' and 'thirsty land'.

Against the English

'Dry places' (KJV, WEB, YLT, NASB) is literal and keeps the plural. 'Desert' (BSB, NIV, ESV) is fine but loses the sense of 'thirst-land'. To an English reader 'desert' can just mean an empty place, while ṣiyyāh names the dryness itself.

Used elsewhere in the period

Psalm 63:1 'a dry (ṣiyyāh) and weary land without water'. Isaiah 35:1 'the wilderness and the dry land (ṣiyyāh) shall be glad'. Isaiah 41:18 and 43:19–20 use the same picture of rivers in dry land for God's new acts of rescue.

From the study of Psalm 107:35

Range of meaning

Dryness, drought, parched land. Used as a noun ('dry land') and in phrases like 'land of dryness'.

Against the English

'Dry land' and 'dry ground' are accurate. 'Parched' (ESV, NIV) gets the sense of land burnt by heat.

Used elsewhere in the period

Psalm 63:1 ('a dry and weary land where there is no water'). Isaiah 35:1; 41:18; 53:2 ('a root out of dry ground'). Job 30:3.

Where it appears

Job · 2
  1. Job 24:19 צִיָּ֤ה drought

    As drought and heat consume the melting snow, so Sheol steals those who have sinned.

  2. Job 30:3 צִיָּ֑ה a dry region

    Gaunt from poverty and hunger, they gnawed the dry land, and the desolate wasteland by night.

Psalms · 4
  1. Psalm 63:1 צִיָּ֖ה dry

    A Psalm of David, when he was in the Wilderness of Judah. O God, You are my God. Earnestly I seek You; my soul thirsts for You. My body yearns for You in a dry and weary land without water.

    Here: 'Dryness'. Together with the previous word it means a land of drought, a parched desert country.

  2. Psalm 78:17 בַּצִּיָּֽה׃ in the dry region

    But they continued to sin against Him, rebelling in the desert against the Most High.

  3. Psalm 105:41 בַּצִּיּ֥וֹת in the dry regions

    He opened a rock, and water gushed out; it flowed like a river in the desert.

    Here: 'In the dry places': the preposition 'in', the article 'the', and the plural of ṣiyyāh, 'drought, parched ground'. The plural suggests stretches of waterless country, the land of thirst, which is exactly where a river should not be.

  4. Psalm 107:35 צִ֝יָּ֗ה dry

    He turns a desert into pools of water and a dry land into flowing springs.

    Here: Ground baked dry, with no water source of its own. Psalm 63:1 uses it for 'a dry and weary land where there is no water'.

Isaiah · 3
  1. Isaiah 35:1 וְצִיָּ֑ה and [the] dry region

    The wilderness and the dry land will be glad; the desert will rejoice and blossom like a rose.

    Here: 'And the parched land': ground defined by its lack of water. It pairs with midbar to describe one landscape from two angles, uncultivated and waterless.

  2. Isaiah 41:18 צִיָּ֖ה dry

    I will open rivers on the barren heights, and fountains in the middle of the valleys. I will turn the desert into a pool of water, and the dry land into flowing springs.

    Here: Parched, arid ground. The same phrase is used in Ps 63:1: 'a dry and weary land where there is no water'.

  3. Isaiah 53:2 צִיָּ֔ה dry

    He grew up before Him like a tender shoot, and like a root out of dry ground. He had no stately form or majesty to attract us, no beauty that we should desire Him.

    Here: 'Of dryness', meaning parched, desert ground (compare Isa 35:1 and 41:18). Nothing healthy is expected to grow there, so the plant is stunted and unpromising.

Jeremiah · 3
  1. Jeremiah 2:6 צִיָּ֣ה dry

    They did not ask, ‘Where is the LORD who brought us up from the land of Egypt, who led us through the wilderness, through a land of deserts and pits, a land of drought and darkness, a land where no one travels and no one lives?’

    Here: Parched ground with no water at all, the thirst land of Deut 8:15 and Ps 63:1.

  2. Jeremiah 50:12 צִיָּ֥ה a desert

    your mother will be greatly ashamed; she who bore you will be disgraced. Behold, she will be the least of the nations, a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert.

  3. Jeremiah 51:43 צִיָּ֣ה dry

    Her cities have become a desolation, a dry and arid land, a land where no one lives, where no son of man passes through.

Ezekiel · 1
  1. Ezekiel 19:13 צִיָּ֥ה dry

    Now it is planted in the wilderness, in a dry and thirsty land.

Hosea · 1
  1. Hosea 2:3 צִיָּ֔ה dry

    Otherwise, I will strip her naked and expose her like the day of her birth. I will make her like a desert and turn her into a parched land, and I will let her die of thirst.

    Here: "Of dryness": waterless, parched ground (Ps 63:1, "a dry and weary land"). It names the exact failure a farming people dreaded most: no rain.

Joel · 1
  1. Joel 2:20 צִיָּ֣ה dry

    The northern army I will drive away from you, banishing it to a barren and desolate land, its front ranks into the Eastern Sea, and its rear guard into the Western Sea. And its stench will rise; its foul odor will ascend. For He has done great things.

    Here: Waterless steppe or desert, which for Judah meant the wilderness to the south and southeast. It is a place where nothing can feed.

Zephaniah · 1
  1. Zephaniah 2:13 צִיָּ֖ה a dry region

    And He will stretch out His hand against the north and destroy Assyria; He will make Nineveh a desolation, as dry as a desert.

    Here: Waterless ground. It stands next to 'desolation' to describe it further, and it is ironic: Nineveh was famous for its river, canals, aqueduct and irrigated gardens.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.