רָגַז

Genesis 45:24 תִּרְגְּז֖וּ you stir up

Then Joseph sent his brothers on their way, and as they were leaving, he said to them, “Do not quarrel on the way!”

Here: The key word. Its basic picture is shaking: the earth quaking, nations trembling. Applied to people it covers any inner upheaval that shows outwardly, whether anger or fear. 'Don't get worked up' catches the core; the context makes heated mutual blame the most likely sense, though fear can't be ruled out.

Exodus 15:14 יִרְגָּז֑וּן they tremble !

The nations will hear and tremble; anguish will grip the dwellers of Philistia.

Here: Physical shaking or quaking, the same verb used for the earth shaking. The extra -ûn ending is an old poetic form that adds weight. The news makes whole nations shudder.

Deuteronomy 2:25 וְרָגְז֥וּ and they will tremble

This very day I will begin to put the dread and fear of you upon all the nations under heaven. They will hear the reports of you and tremble in anguish because of you.”

Here: A physical shaking or agitation, used of earth, mountains and bodies gripped by strong emotion. The verb form carries the future forward: they will hear, and then they will shake.

1 Samuel 14:15 וַתִּרְגַּ֣ז and it quaked

Then panic struck the Philistines in the camp, in the field, and among all the people. Even those in the outposts and raiding parties trembled. Indeed, the earth quaked, and panic spread from God.

1 Samuel 28:15 הִרְגַּזְתַּ֖נִי have you disturbed me

Then Samuel said to Saul, “Why have you disturbed me by bringing me up?” “I am deeply distressed,” replied Saul. “The Philistines are fighting against me, and God has turned away from me. He no longer answers me, either by prophets or by dreams. So I have called on you to tell me what to do.”

Here: Literally 'you have made me quake.' This is the stock word for disturbing the dead in their resting place, the same verb used in ancient tomb curses: 'do not disturb me.'

2 Samuel 7:10 יִרְגַּ֖ז it will be agitated

And I will provide a place for My people Israel and will plant them so that they may dwell in a place of their own and be disturbed no more. No longer will the sons of wickedness oppress them as they did at the beginning

Here: 'He will shake / tremble.' The verb is used of earthquakes, of people trembling in terror, and of anger. Here it means the nation will no longer be shaken by raids, panic and displacement.

2 Samuel 18:33 וַיִּרְגַּ֣ז and he was agitated

The king was shaken and went up to the chamber over the gate and wept. And as he walked, he cried out, “O my son Absalom! My son, my son Absalom! If only I had died instead of you, O Absalom, my son, my son!”

2 Samuel 22:8 יִרְגָּ֑זוּ they trembled

Then the earth shook and quaked; the foundations of the heavens trembled; they were shaken because He burned with anger.

2 Kings 19:27 הִֽתְרַגֶּזְךָ֥ raging you

But I know your sitting down, your going out and coming in, and your raging against Me.

2 Kings 19:28 הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ֣ raging you

Because your rage and arrogance against Me have reached My ears, I will put My hook in your nose and My bit in your mouth; I will send you back the way you came.’

Here: A verb used as a noun: 'your working yourself up', 'your raging'. The root means shaking or quaking, so the picture is a body trembling with fury. This rare reflexive form appears only here, in v. 27, and in the Isaiah parallel.

1 Chronicles 17:9 יִרְגַּ֖ז it will be agitated

And I will provide a place for My people Israel and will plant them so that they may dwell in a place of their own and be disturbed no more. No longer will the sons of wickedness oppress them as they did at the beginning

Here: Physical shaking (earth, mountains) and the shaking of fear or turmoil. Here: Israel will no longer be rattled and jolted around, neither knocked loose nor kept in alarm.

Job 9:6 הַמַּרְגִּ֣יז the [one who] shakes

He shakes the earth from its place, so that its foundations tremble.

Here: A causative participle with the definite article: "the One who makes [something] quake." It works like a title, "the Earth-Shaker", and continues the string of hymn-style descriptions of God that begins in v. 5 ("the One who moves mountains").

Job 12:6 לְמַרְגִּ֣יזֵי [belong] to provokers of

The tents of robbers are safe, and those who provoke God are secure—those who carry their god in their hands.

Here: 'Belonging to those who make [God] shake with anger.' The root means trembling or turmoil. The irony is that those who stir God up live without any tremor themselves.

Psalm 4:4 רִגְז֗וּ tremble

Be angry, yet do not sin; on your bed, search your heart and be still. Selah

Here: A plural command: 'Quake! Be shaken!' The verb covers any strong inner upheaval: fear, awe, grief or anger. In this setting, where it follows 'know that the LORD has set apart the godly' (v. 3), it most naturally means 'tremble' before God, though the Greek translators took it as 'be angry'.

Psalm 18:7 יִרְגָּ֑זוּ they trembled

Then the earth shook and quaked, and the foundations of the mountains trembled; they were shaken because He burned with anger.

Here: "Trembled." The word is used for shuddering in fear and also for being stirred up. The mountains react the way a person does when they see an overwhelming power coming. In this old poetic style the verb form describes a past event.

Psalm 77:16 יִרְגְּז֥וּ they trembled

The waters saw You, O God; the waters saw You and swirled; even the depths were shaken.

Here: A physical shaking, as of the ground in an earthquake or a body shaking with fear or rage. The same verb is used of the nations at the Red Sea in Exodus 15:14.

Psalm 77:18 רָגְזָ֖ה it trembled

Your thunder resounded in the whirlwind; the lightning lit up the world; the earth trembled and quaked.

Here: 'It trembled'. The word covers both physical shaking and emotional agitation (fear, anger, distress). The same verb was used one verse earlier of the deep waters that 'trembled' when they saw God; now the dry land does the same.

Psalm 99:1 יִרְגְּז֣וּ let them tremble

The LORD reigns; let the nations tremble! He is enthroned above the cherubim; let the earth quake!

Here: Physical and emotional shaking: the upheaval of people unsettled by a power greater than theirs. The form can be read as a wish ('let them tremble') or a statement ('they tremble'); the same verb can also mean 'rage', which is how the Greek translators took it.

Proverbs 29:9 וְרָגַ֥ז and he rages

If a wise man goes to court with a fool, there will be raving and laughing with no resolution.

Here: The basic picture is shaking or churning. Here it means the agitated, heated outburst of someone stirred up. Most read the fool as the subject: he blows up.

Proverbs 30:21 רָ֣גְזָה it quakes

Under three things the earth trembles, under four it cannot bear up:

Here: 'It quakes.' The verb pictures a physical shudder, like an earthquake or a body shaking with fear or rage. Here the ground itself shakes under something wrong. The completed verb form states it as a known fact: this is what the earth does.

Isaiah 5:25 וַֽיִּרְגְּזוּ֙ and they have quaked

Therefore the anger of the LORD burns against His people; His hand is raised against them to strike them down. The mountains quake, and the corpses lie like refuse in the streets. Despite all this, His anger is not turned away; His hand is still upraised.

Here: 'And they quaked.' The earth convulses when God comes to act (Ps 18:7; Hab 3:6). It may also recall a real earthquake people remembered (see setting).

Isaiah 13:13 אַרְגִּ֔יז I will make tremble

Therefore I will make the heavens tremble, and the earth will be shaken from its place at the wrath of the LORD of Hosts on the day of His burning anger.

Here: Causative form, first person: "I will set quaking." God himself is the one who agitates the sky. The root covers physical trembling and the trembling of fear or rage.

Isaiah 14:9 רָגְזָ֥ה it is excited

Sheol beneath is eager to meet you upon your arrival. It stirs the spirits of the dead to greet you—all the rulers of the earth. It makes all the kings of the nations rise from their thrones.

Isaiah 14:16 מַרְגִּ֣יז [who] made tremble

Those who see you will stare; they will ponder your fate: “Is this the man who shook the earth and made the kingdoms tremble,

Isaiah 23:11 הִרְגִּ֖יז he has made tremble

The LORD has stretched out His hand over the sea; He has made kingdoms tremble. He has given a command that the strongholds of Canaan be destroyed.

Isaiah 28:21 יִרְגָּ֑ז he will rage

For the LORD will rise up as at Mount Perazim. He will rouse Himself as in the Valley of Gibeon, to do His work, His strange work, and to perform His task, His disturbing task.

Here: Yahweh will be violently stirred, "shaken up" into action. The verb covers the earth quaking as well as inner agitation (anger, dread, distress). Here it pictures God's roused, storm-like fury, not a calm decision.

Isaiah 32:10 תִּרְגַּ֖זְנָה you will be agitated

In a little more than a year you will tremble, O secure ones. For the grape harvest will fail and the fruit harvest will not arrive.

Isaiah 32:11 רְגָ֖זָה be agitated

Shudder, you ladies of leisure; tremble, you daughters of complacency. Strip yourselves bare and put sackcloth around your waists.

Here: 'Be shaken!' The word covers inner and outer upheaval: quaking, agitation, distress. It mirrors 'tremble' and repeats the verb of verse 10, 'you will tremble'. What was predicted there is now ordered.

Isaiah 37:28 הִֽתְרַגֶּזְךָ֥ raging you

But I know your sitting down, your going out and coming in, and your raging against Me.

Isaiah 37:29 הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ֣ raging you

Because your rage and arrogance against Me have reached My ears, I will put My hook in your nose and My bit in your mouth; I will send you back the way you came.’

Here: A verbal noun, 'your raging'. The reflexive form pictures someone shaking himself into a fury, a churning, agitated rage. The phrase repeats v. 28, so God's charge rests on it.

Isaiah 64:2 יִרְגָּֽזוּ׃ they will quake

as fire kindles the brushwood and causes the water to boil, to make Your name known to Your enemies, so that the nations will tremble at Your presence!

Here: A violent shaking, physical or emotional: shuddering, agitation, even turmoil. It echoes the Song of the Sea, 'the peoples heard, they trembled' (Exod 15:14), where the same verb describes the nations' terror after the Exodus. Within the plea the verb looks forward: 'so that the nations will quake'.

Jeremiah 33:9 וְרָֽגְז֗וּ and they will tremble

So this city will bring Me renown, joy, praise, and glory before all the nations of the earth, who will hear of all the good I do for it. They will tremble in awe because of all the goodness and prosperity that I will provide for it.

Here: To shake or be agitated, often physically. Joined with pachad it pictures nations shaken by what YHWH has done, perhaps with an edge of unease that this God has such power.

Jeremiah 50:34 וְהִרְגִּ֖יז and to cause disquiet

Their Redeemer is strong; the LORD of Hosts is His name. He will fervently plead their case so that He may bring rest to the earth, but turmoil to those who live in Babylon.

Here: 'And to bring turmoil.' The word sounds almost the same as hirgia' (rest). The prophet pairs two near-rhyming verbs with opposite meanings: rest for the earth, trembling for Babylon.

Ezekiel 16:43 וַתִּרְגְּזִי־ and you were enraged

Because you did not remember the days of your youth, but enraged Me with all these things, I will surely bring your deeds down upon your own head, declares the Lord GOD. Have you not committed this lewdness on top of all your other abominations?

Here: 'And you shook/raged.' The root means violent agitation, whether fear, turmoil or anger. With 'to me' it means either 'you raged against me' or, as most translations take it, 'you stirred me up / provoked me'.

Joel 2:1 יִרְגְּז֕וּ let them tremble

Blow the ram’s horn in Zion; sound the alarm on My holy mountain! Let all who dwell in the land tremble, for the Day of the LORD is coming; indeed, it is near—

Here: 'Let them tremble', or 'they will tremble'. The form can be read either way. The word is physical: shaking, convulsing, the way the ground quakes or a body shakes with dread.

Joel 2:10 רָ֣גְזָה it trembles

Before them the earth quakes; the heavens tremble. The sun and moon grow dark, and the stars lose their brightness.

Here: The ground shudders. This is the same verb Joel used in 2:1, where he called 'all the inhabitants of the land' to tremble. Now the land itself does what its people were told to do, as if it were a frightened person.

Amos 8:8 תִרְגַּ֣ז will it tremble

Will not the land quake for this, and all its dwellers mourn? All of it will swell like the Nile; it will surge and then subside like the Nile in Egypt.

Here: The ground shaking violently. The verb also covers trembling in fear or turmoil, so the land is pictured shuddering almost like a living thing. Its subject is feminine, "the land."

Micah 7:17 יִרְגְּז֖וּ they will quake

They will lick the dust like a snake, like reptiles slithering on the ground. They will come trembling from their strongholds in the presence of the LORD our God; they will tremble in fear of You.

Here: To shake or be thrown into turmoil, whether from fear, rage or upheaval. With 'from their enclosures' it means they come out quaking, shaken out of hiding. The same verb describes the nations in the Song of the Sea (Exodus 15:14).

Habakkuk 3:7 יִרְגְּז֕וּן they tremble !

I saw the tents of Cushan in distress; the curtains of Midian were trembling.

Habakkuk 3:16 וַתִּרְגַּ֣ז אֶרְגָּ֑ז and it trembled, I trembled

I heard and trembled within; my lips quivered at the sound. Decay entered my bones; I trembled where I stood. Yet I must wait patiently for the day of distress to come upon the people who invade us.

Here: This is a violent, whole-body shaking. It is the same verb used for the tent curtains of Midian quaking before God in 3:7. The prophet shakes the way the nations do.