Hebrew word · H7385

רִיק

rik

vain

Emptiness. Used as an adverb: in vain, for nothing, to no purpose. Related to the adjective reiq, 'empty' (an empty pit or empty jars).

Appears 12 times in 12 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

emptiness, vanity, empty, idle, vain

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Isaiah 30:7

Range of meaning

Emptiness. Used as an adverb: in vain, for nothing, to no purpose. Related to the adjective reiq, 'empty' (an empty pit or empty jars).

Against the English

KJV/WEB 'to no purpose', BSB 'empty'. Both are fine.

Used elsewhere in the period

Ps 2:1 ('plot in vain'); Isa 49:4; Lev 26:16, 20 ('you will sow your seed in vain', 'your strength will be spent in vain'). These are covenant-curse contexts where effort produces nothing.

From the study of Isaiah 49:4

Range of meaning

Emptiness, vacancy; adverbially with lə- ('for emptiness') 'in vain, to no purpose, for nothing'. It is related to the verb 'to empty out' and the adjective 'empty' (of vessels, hands, people).

Against the English

'In vain' (KJV, BSB, WEB) is accurate. YLT's 'for a vain thing' keeps the Hebrew preposition. Nothing is lost in translation except the picture of an empty container, and the covenant echo described below.

Used elsewhere in the period

Leviticus 26:16 ('you will sow your seed lariq') and 26:20 ('your strength will be spent lariq', with koach) belong to the covenant curses. Psalm 2:1 has nations plotting riq. Isaiah 30:7 calls Egypt's help 'hevel and riq', the same pair of ideas as here. Isaiah 65:23 promises a restored people who 'will not toil lariq', using the same verb as this verse.

From the study of Isaiah 65:23

Range of meaning

Emptiness, vacancy; as an adverbial phrase, lariq means 'for nothing, to no purpose, in vain'. Related to the adjective req, 'empty', used of empty vessels and empty-handed people.

Against the English

'In vain' is still a living English idiom and is accurate. The Hebrew image is more physical: the hands, the barn or the house end up empty.

Used elsewhere in the period

Leviticus 26:16: 'you will sow your seed lariq, for your enemies will eat it'. Leviticus 26:20: 'your strength will be spent lariq'. Isaiah 49:4; Psalm 73:13; Job 39:16. The Septuagint uses eis kenon ('into emptiness'), the phrase Paul echoes in Galatians 2:2 and Philippians 2:16.

Where it appears

Leviticus · 2
  1. Leviticus 26:16 לָרִיק֙ to <the> emptiness

    then this is what I will do to you: I will bring upon you sudden terror, wasting disease, and fever that will destroy your sight and drain your life. You will sow your seed in vain, because your enemies will eat it.

    Here: 'For emptiness', meaning for nothing. All the farmer's labour comes to nothing.

  2. Leviticus 26:20 לָרִ֖יק to <the> emptiness

    and your strength will be spent in vain. For your land will not yield its produce, and the trees of the land will not bear their fruit.

    Here: 'For emptiness', meaning for nothing at all. The word pictures an empty container: all the effort goes in and nothing comes back out.

Job · 1
  1. Job 39:16 לְרִ֖יק [is] to emptiness

    She treats her young harshly, as if not her own, with no concern that her labor was in vain.

Psalms · 3
  1. Psalm 2:1 רִֽיק׃ vanity

    Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain?

    Here: Grammatically it is the thing they mutter: they plot 'emptiness', a plan with nothing inside it. It also carries the sense 'for nothing, futilely'. The plan is hollow, and it will come to nothing.

  2. Psalm 4:2 רִ֑יק vanity

    How long, O men, will my honor be maligned? How long will you love vanity and seek after lies? Selah

    Here: "Emptiness", something hollow with nothing in it. It could mean empty words (baseless accusations) or empty gods (idols). The Masoretic accents put a major pause here, so "you love emptiness" closes the first half of the verse.

  3. Psalm 73:13 רִ֭יק vanity

    Surely in vain I have kept my heart pure; in innocence I have washed my hands.

    Here: Emptiness, something with nothing inside. Used here as an adverb, "for nothing, to no purpose". The speaker is saying his integrity produced nothing: no reward, no protection.

Isaiah · 3
  1. Isaiah 30:7 וָרִ֖יק and vanity

    Egypt’s help is futile and empty; therefore I have called her Rahab Who Sits Still.

    Here: Emptiness, like a pot with nothing in it. Paired with hevel it gives 'thin air and nothing', a strong way of saying Egypt's help will come to zero.

  2. Isaiah 49:4 לְרִ֣יק to emptiness

    But I said, “I have labored in vain, I have spent My strength in futility and vanity; yet My vindication is with the LORD, and My reward is with My God.”

    Here: "For emptiness": work that yields nothing, like a container with nothing in it. It is placed first in the line for emphasis. The same phrase appears in the covenant curse of Leviticus 26:16, 20, where seed is sown and strength is spent "for nothing".

  3. Isaiah 65:23 לָרִ֔יק to <the> emptiness

    They will not labor in vain or bear children doomed to disaster; for they will be a people blessed by the LORD—they and their descendants with them.

    Here: 'For emptiness': for nothing, with empty hands at the end. It is the stock phrase of the covenant curse in Leviticus 26:16, 20, now cancelled.

Jeremiah · 2
  1. Jeremiah 51:34 רִ֔יק emptiness

    “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has devoured me; he has crushed me. He has set me aside like an empty vessel; he has swallowed me like a monster; he filled his belly with my delicacies and vomited me out.

    Here: 'Of emptiness,' that is, an empty dish. Jerusalem has been scraped clean of everything that filled her.

  2. Jeremiah 51:58 רִ֛יק emptiness

    This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Babylon’s thick walls will be leveled, and her high gates consumed by fire. So the labor of the people will be for nothing; the nations will exhaust themselves to fuel the flames.”

    Here: 'Emptiness.' Their labor produces a void. This is the sense of the old English 'in vain', not conceit.

Habakkuk · 1
  1. Habakkuk 2:13 רִ֥יק vanity

    Is it not indeed from the LORD of Hosts that the labor of the people only feeds the fire, and the nations weary themselves in vain?

    Here: Literally 'emptiness', what is left in an empty vessel. The second half of the line says plainly what the fire image implies: the labor yields nothing that lasts.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.