שְׁבִי

Exodus 12:29 הַשְּׁבִ֔י the prisoner

Now at midnight the LORD struck down every firstborn male in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on his throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner in the dungeon, as well as all the firstborn among the livestock.

Here: Literally 'the captivity,' used here for a captive person: a prisoner, probably a war captive held by the state. This is the bottom of the social ladder.

Numbers 21:1 שֶֽׁבִי׃ captive[s]

When the Canaanite king of Arad, who lived in the Negev, heard that Israel was coming along the road to Atharim, he attacked Israel and captured some prisoners.

Numbers 31:12 הַשְּׁבִ֧י the captive[s]

They brought the captives, spoils, and plunder to Moses, to Eleazar the priest, and to the congregation of Israel at the camp on the plains of Moab, by the Jordan across from Jericho.

Numbers 31:19 וּשְׁבִיכֶֽם׃ and captive[s] your

All of you who have killed a person or touched the dead are to remain outside the camp for seven days. On the third day and the seventh day you are to purify both yourselves and your captives.

Numbers 31:26 הַשְּׁבִ֔י <the> captivity

“You and Eleazar the priest and the family heads of the congregation are to take a count of what was captured, both of man and beast.

Deuteronomy 21:10 שִׁבְיֽוֹ׃ captive[s] his

When you go to war against your enemies and the LORD your God delivers them into your hand and you take them captive,

Deuteronomy 21:13 שִׁבְיָ֜הּ captivity her

and put aside the clothing of her captivity. After she has lived in your house a full month and mourned her father and mother, you may have relations with her and be her husband, and she shall be your wife.

Deuteronomy 28:41 בַּשֶּֽׁבִי׃ in <the> captivity

You will father sons and daughters, but they will not remain yours, because they will go into captivity.

Judges 5:12 שֶׁבְיְךָ֖ captive[s] your

‘Awake, awake, O Deborah! Awake, awake, sing a song! Arise, O Barak, and take hold of your captives, O son of Abinoam!’

Here: 'Your captives': a group noun for prisoners of war, from the same root as the verb. 'Capture your captives' is a deliberate echo, roughly 'round up your prisoners', the ones that rightly belong to the victor.

2 Chronicles 6:37 שִׁבְיָם֙ captivity their

and when they come to their senses in the land to which they were taken, and they repent and plead with You in the land of their captors, saying, ‘We have sinned and done wrong; we have acted wickedly,’

Here: 'The land of their captivity': the condition of being prisoners of war. A third word from the captivity root, keeping up the sound-play with shuv.

2 Chronicles 6:38 שִׁבְיָ֖ם captivity their

and when they return to You with all their heart and soul in the land of the enemies who took them captive, and when they pray in the direction of the land that You gave to their fathers, the city You have chosen, and the house I have built for Your Name,

2 Chronicles 28:17 שֶֽׁבִי׃ captive[s]

The Edomites had again come and attacked Judah and carried away captives.

2 Chronicles 29:9 בַּשְּׁבִ֖י [are] in <the> captivity

For behold, this is why our fathers have fallen by the sword, and our sons and daughters and wives are in captivity.

Ezra 2:1 מִשְּׁבִ֣י from [the] captivity of

Now these are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles carried away to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar its king. They returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to his own town,

Ezra 3:8 מֵהַשְּׁבִ֣י from the captivity

In the second month of the second year after they had arrived at the house of God in Jerusalem, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, Jeshua son of Jozadak, and the rest of their associates including the priests, the Levites, and all who had returned to Jerusalem from the captivity, began the work. They appointed Levites twenty years of age or older to supervise the construction of the house of the LORD.

Ezra 8:35 מֵֽהַשְּׁבִ֨י from the captivity

Then the exiles who had returned from captivity sacrificed burnt offerings to the God of Israel: 12 bulls for all Israel, 96 rams, 77 lambs, and a sin offering of 12 male goats. All this was a burnt offering to the LORD.

Ezra 9:7 בַּשְּׁבִ֧י by <the> captivity

From the days of our fathers to this day, our guilt has been great. Because of our iniquities, we and our kings and priests have been delivered into the hands of the kings of the earth and subjected to the sword and to captivity, to pillage and humiliation, as we are this day.

Here: Being taken captive and deported: the forced relocations of 722 and 597–582 BCE.

Nehemiah 1:2 הַשֶּׁ֖בִי the captivity

Hanani, one of my brothers, arrived with men from Judah. So I questioned them about the remnant of the Jews who had survived the exile, and also about Jerusalem.

Here: "The captivity": the Babylonian deportations of 597 and 586 BC. The word can mean both the state of being a captive and the captives as a group.

Nehemiah 1:3 הַשְּׁבִי֙ the captivity

And they told me, “The remnant who survived the exile are there in the province, in great trouble and disgrace. The wall of Jerusalem is broken down, and its gates have been burned with fire.”

Here: Captivity, a body of captives: the Babylonian deportations of 597–582 BC, by now well over a century in the past.

Nehemiah 7:6 מִשְּׁבִ֣י from [the] captivity of

These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles carried away to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar its king. They returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to his own town,

Here: 'From the captivity of.' This is the language of war captives. It names the condition they were taken into by force, and it can also name the captive people as a group.

Nehemiah 8:17 הַשְּׁבִ֥י׀ the captivity

The whole assembly that had returned from exile made booths and lived in them. From the days of Joshua son of Nun until that day, the Israelites had not celebrated like this. And there was great rejoicing.

Psalm 68:18 שֶּׁ֗בִי captive[s]

You have ascended on high; You have led captives away. You have received gifts from men, even from the rebellious, that the LORD God may dwell there.

Here: 'Captives.' The noun comes from the same root as the verb, so the phrase reads 'you captured a capture', meaning 'you took prisoners'. Here it is a collective noun for the band of prisoners, not the abstract idea of 'captivity'.

Psalm 78:61 לַשְּׁבִ֣י to <the> captivity

He delivered His strength to captivity, and His splendor to the hand of the adversary.

Isaiah 20:4 שְׁבִ֨י [the] captive[s] of

so the king of Assyria will lead away the captives of Egypt and the exiles of Cush, young and old alike, naked and barefoot, with bared buttocks—to Egypt’s shame.

Here: An abstract noun, 'captivity,' used for the whole group of captives. Egypt's people become a single mass of prisoners.

Isaiah 46:2 בַּשְּׁבִ֥י in <the> captivity

The gods cower; they crouch together, unable to relieve the burden; but they themselves go into captivity.

Isaiah 49:24 שְׁבִ֥י [the] captive[s] of

Can the plunder be snatched from the mighty, or the captives of a tyrant be delivered?

Here: A collective noun for a group of war captives, linked to the captor who owns them: 'the captives of …'. It is the standard word for deportees taken in war (e.g. Deut 21:10; Amos 4:10).

Isaiah 49:25 שְׁבִ֤י a captive of

Indeed, this is what the LORD says: “Even the captives of the mighty will be taken away, and the plunder of the tyrant will be retrieved; I will contend with those who contend with you, and I will save your children.

Here: A collective noun: the body of people taken captive in war. Linked to 'the captivity of a warrior', it means the prisoners a conqueror has carried off.

Isaiah 52:2 שְׁבִיָּ֖ה O captive [one]

Shake off your dust! Rise up and sit on your throne, O Jerusalem. Remove the chains from your neck, O captive Daughter of Zion.

Here: 'Captive one' (feminine), a direct address. This feminine form appears only here in the Hebrew Bible. It echoes shevi ('sit') earlier in the verse: the one who was a captive is told to take her seat.

Jeremiah 15:2 לַשְּׁבִ֖י לַשֶּֽׁבִי׃ [are] for <the> captivity, to <the> captivity

If they ask you, ‘Where shall we go?’ you are to tell them that this is what the LORD says: ‘Those destined for death, to death; those destined for the sword, to the sword; those destined for famine, to famine; and those destined for captivity, to captivity.’

Here: Being taken as a prisoner of war and deported. Those who live through plague, sword and famine do not go free. They are marched away.

Jeremiah 20:6 בַּשֶּׁ֑בִי in <the> captivity

And you, Pashhur, and all who live in your house, will go into captivity. You will go to Babylon, and there you will die and be buried—you and all your friends to whom you have prophesied these lies.’”

Here: 'In the captivity': the state of people seized in a conquest and led away. The same phrase appears in the covenant curses of Deuteronomy 28:41, so it sounds like a known threat coming true.

Jeremiah 22:22 בַּשְּׁבִ֣י in <the> captivity

The wind will drive away all your shepherds, and your lovers will go into captivity. Then you will be ashamed and humiliated because of all your wickedness.

Here: 'Into the captivity': being taken away as prisoners of war. With 'the' attached, it points to the well-known fate of deportation by a conqueror.

Jeremiah 30:10 שִׁבְיָ֑ם captivity their

As for you, O Jacob My servant, do not be afraid, declares the LORD, and do not be dismayed, O Israel. For I will surely save you out of a distant place, your descendants from the land of their captivity! Jacob will return to quiet and ease, with no one to make him afraid.

Here: "Their captivity": the state of being prisoners of war deported by a conqueror. The shift to "their" points to the scattered descendants.

Jeremiah 30:16 בַּשְּׁבִ֣י in <the> captivity

Nevertheless, all who devour you will be devoured, and all your adversaries—every one of them—will go off into exile. Those who plundered you will be plundered, and all who raided you will be raided.

Here: 'Into the captivity': the condition of war captives led away. The enemies will suffer the same deportation they forced on Judah. It also sounds like the 'restore the fortunes' language (šûb šəbût) of vv.3 and 18.

Jeremiah 43:11 לַשְּׁבִי֙ לַשֶּׁ֔בִי [are] for <the> captivity, to <the> captivity

He will come and strike down the land of Egypt, bringing death to those destined for death, captivity to those destined for captivity, and the sword to those destined for the sword.

Here: Those assigned to be captured and deported. In the ancient Near East, survivors of a conquered population were often marched off as forced labour or resettled elsewhere.

Jeremiah 46:27 שִׁבְיָ֑ם captivity their

But you, O Jacob My servant, do not be afraid, and do not be dismayed, O Israel. For I will surely save you out of a distant place, your descendants from the land of their captivity! Jacob will return to quiet and ease, with no one to make him afraid.

Here: Captivity as in being taken away by a conqueror, war-deportation. It can also mean the captives themselves, as a group.

Jeremiah 48:46 בַּשֶּׁ֔בִי in <the> captivity

Woe to you, O Moab! The people of Chemosh have perished; for your sons have been taken into exile and your daughters have gone into captivity.

Lamentations 1:5 שְׁבִ֖י captivity

Her foes have become her masters; her enemies are at ease. For the LORD has brought her grief because of her many transgressions. Her children have gone away as captives before the enemy.

Here: "Captivity": used like an adverb, "they went as captivity", meaning as captives.

Lamentations 1:18 בַשֶּֽׁבִי׃ ס in <the> captivity

The LORD is righteous, yet I rebelled against His command. Listen, all you people; look upon my suffering. My young men and maidens have gone into captivity.

Here: 'Into captivity', meaning deportation as prisoners of war. It echoes v. 5 and the covenant curse of Deut 28:41: your sons and daughters 'will go into captivity.'

Ezekiel 12:11 בַשְּׁבִ֖י in <the> captivity

You are to say, ‘I am a sign to you.’ Just as it happened here, so will it be done to them; they will go into exile as captives.

Ezekiel 30:17 בַּשְּׁבִ֥י in <the> captivity

The young men of On and Pi-beseth will fall by the sword, and those cities will go into captivity.

Ezekiel 30:18 בַּשְּׁבִ֥י in <the> captivity

The day will be darkened in Tahpanhes when I break the yoke of Egypt and her proud strength comes to an end. A cloud will cover her, and her daughters will go into captivity.

Daniel 11:8 בַּשְּׁבִ֖י in <the> captivity

He will take even their gods captive to Egypt, with their metal images and their precious vessels of silver and gold. For some years he will stay away from the king of the North,

Daniel 11:33 בִּשְׁבִ֥י by captivity

Those with insight will instruct many, though for a time they will fall by sword or flame, or be captured or plundered.

Here: Being taken captive: arrest, deportation, or enslavement of men, women and children.

Amos 4:10 שְׁבִ֣י [the] capture of

“I sent plagues among you like those of Egypt; I killed your young men with the sword, along with your captured horses. I filled your nostrils with the stench of your camp, yet you did not return to Me,” declares the LORD.

Here: 'The capture of', a noun normally used for prisoners of war. Here it is applied to the war-horses taken by the enemy as plunder.

Amos 9:4 בַשְּׁבִי֙ in <the> captivity

Though they are driven by their enemies into captivity, there I will command the sword to slay them. I will fix My eyes upon them for harm and not for good.”

Here: 'Into captivity' or 'as captives': the state of being prisoners of war. For Israel in Amos's day this meant mass deportation by a conquering empire.

Nahum 3:10 בַשֶּׁ֔בִי in <the> captivity

Yet she became an exile; she went into captivity. Her infants were dashed to pieces at the head of every street. They cast lots for her dignitaries, and all her nobles were bound in chains.

Here: "Into captivity" or "as captives". Paired with the previous word, it doubles the idea: deported and made prisoners of war.

Habakkuk 1:9 שֶֽׁבִי׃ captive[s]

All of them come bent on violence; their hordes advance like the east wind; they gather prisoners like sand.