Hebrew word · H7887

שִׁלוֹ

shilo

Shiloh

A place name: a town in the hill country of Ephraim, about 30 km (20 miles) north of Jerusalem. It was Israel's central sanctuary before the monarchy, where the Tent of Meeting stood (Josh 18:1) and later a "house of YHWH" served by Eli's family (1 Sam 1:7, 9, 24; 3:3).

Appears 32 times in 30 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

Shiloh = "place of rest"

a city in Ephraim and temporary home of the Ark of the Covenant and the Tabernacle, the place where Samuel grew up

Also named: shi.lo.ni (שִׁילֹנִי "Shilonite" H7888)

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Jeremiah 26:6

Range of meaning

A place name: a town in the hill country of Ephraim, about 30 km (20 miles) north of Jerusalem. It was Israel's central sanctuary before the monarchy, where the Tent of Meeting stood (Josh 18:1) and later a "house of YHWH" served by Eli's family (1 Sam 1:7, 9, 24; 3:3).

Against the English

English versions all transliterate it "Shiloh" and so communicate nothing to a reader who does not know the story. NLT adds a short explanation that this is where the Tabernacle once stood.

How it drifted

No word drift. The danger is ignorance: modern readers rarely know what Shiloh stood for, and some confuse it with the obscure "until Shiloh comes" of Gen 49:10, which has nothing to do with this verse.

Used elsewhere in the period

1 Sam 4 tells how the Ark was captured by the Philistines at Aphek/Ebenezer, Eli's sons died, and Eli died. The narrative never returns the Ark to Shiloh. Ps 78:60–64 says God "abandoned the tabernacle of Shiloh, the tent he had set among men." Jer 7:12 calls it "my place in Shiloh, where I made my name dwell at first," which is Deuteronomy's language for the chosen sanctuary (Deut 12:5, 11). Excavations at Khirbet Seilun (ancient Shiloh) found a destruction layer from the Iron Age I period, usually dated to about the mid-11th century BC. Jer 41:5 shows that people still lived at Shiloh later, but the sanctuary was gone.

From the study of Jeremiah 7:14

Range of meaning

A town in the hill country of Ephraim, about 30 km (20 miles) north of Jerusalem. It held Israel's central sanctuary in the time of the judges: the tent of meeting and the ark (Josh 18:1; Judg 18:31; 1 Sam 1–4).

Against the English

English readers often meet the name without knowing its history. For Jeremiah's hearers it was a known ruin, a God-chosen sanctuary that no longer existed.

Used elsewhere in the period

1 Sam 4 tells of the ark's capture by the Philistines and the deaths of Eli's family. Ps 78:60–61 says God "forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh ... and gave his strength into captivity". Jer 26:6, 9 repeats the threat ("I will make this house like Shiloh"). Excavations at Khirbet Seilun (Danish digs in the 1920s–30s, Israel Finkelstein in the 1980s) found a destruction layer from the late Iron I period, around the 11th century BC, though how to read it is debated.

From the study of Joshua 18:1

Range of meaning

A place name, spelled several ways in the Hebrew Bible (שִׁלֹה, שִׁלוֹ, שִׁילוֹ). It is identified with Khirbet Seilun, about 30 km north of Jerusalem in the territory of Ephraim, east of the main hill-country road (compare Judges 21:19).

Against the English

All English versions transliterate it. Nothing is lost in translation, but modern readers usually miss what the name meant to later Israelites: the first central sanctuary, later lost.

Used elsewhere in the period

Shiloh is the site of the allotment (Joshua 18–19; 21:2; 22:9, 12) and the 'house of God' in the judges period (Judges 18:31; 21:19). Eli and Samuel serve there (1 Samuel 1–4), and the ark is taken from there and lost (1 Samuel 4). Psalm 78:60 and Jeremiah 7:12–14; 26:6, 9 remember it as abandoned by God. Excavations by Israel Finkelstein found a significant Iron Age I settlement destroyed around the mid-11th century BC. More recent digs continue, and some of their claims are still debated.

Where it appears

Joshua · 8
  1. Joshua 18:1 שִׁלֹ֔ה Shiloh

    Then the whole congregation of Israel assembled at Shiloh and set up the Tent of Meeting there. And though the land was subdued before them,

    Here: A town in the hill country of Ephraim. The Hebrew has no preposition, so the place name itself marks where they went: '(to) Shiloh'. From here on it is Israel's main sanctuary for generations.

  2. Joshua 18:8 בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ in Shiloh

    As the men got up to go out, Joshua commanded them to map out the land, saying, “Go and survey the land, map it out, and return to me. Then I will cast lots for you here in Shiloh in the presence of the LORD.”

  3. Joshua 18:9 שִׁלֹֽה׃ Shiloh

    So the men departed and went throughout the land, mapping it city by city into seven portions. Then they returned with the document to Joshua at the camp in Shiloh.

  4. Joshua 18:10 בְּשִׁלֹ֖ה in Shiloh

    And Joshua cast lots for them in the presence of the LORD at Shiloh, where he distributed the land to the Israelites according to their divisions.

    Here: The place where Israel had assembled and set up the tent of meeting (18:1). The location matters because it makes the procedure happen at the sanctuary, not in an ordinary camp setting.

  5. Joshua 19:51 בְּשִׁלֹה֙ at Shiloh

    These are the inheritances that Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Nun, and the heads of the families distributed by lot to the tribes of Israel at Shiloh before the LORD at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. So they finished dividing up the land.

  6. Joshua 21:2 בְּשִׁלֹ֗ה at Shiloh

    at Shiloh in the land of Canaan and said to them, “The LORD commanded through Moses that we be given cities in which to live, together with pasturelands for our livestock.”

    Here: Shiloh is where the tent of meeting had just been set up (Josh 18:1) and where the later land allotments were made by lot “before the LORD” (18:10; 19:51). Making the request there puts it in front of God's sanctuary.

  7. Joshua 22:9 מִשִּׁלֹ֖ה from Shiloh

    So the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh left the Israelites at Shiloh in the land of Canaan to return to their own land of Gilead, which they had acquired according to the command of the LORD through Moses.

  8. Joshua 22:12 שִׁלֹ֔ה Shiloh

    And when they heard this, the whole congregation of Israel assembled at Shiloh to go to war against them.

Judges · 5
  1. Judges 18:31 בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ פ at Shiloh

    So they set up for themselves Micah’s graven image, and it was there the whole time the house of God was in Shiloh.

  2. Judges 21:12 שִׁלֹ֔ה Shiloh

    So they found among the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead four hundred young women who had not had relations with a man, and they brought them to the camp at Shiloh in the land of Canaan.

  3. Judges 21:19 בְּשִׁל֜וֹ [is] in Shiloh

    “But look,” they said, “there is a yearly feast to the LORD in Shiloh, which is north of Bethel east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah.”

  4. Judges 21:21 שִׁילוֹ֮ שִׁיל֑וֹ Shiloh

    and watch. When you see the daughters of Shiloh come out to perform their dances, each of you is to come out of the vineyards, catch for himself a wife from the daughters of Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin.

1 Samuel · 10
  1. 1 Samuel 1:3 בְּשִׁלֹ֑ה at Shiloh

    Year after year Elkanah would go up from his city to worship and sacrifice to the LORD of Hosts at Shiloh, where Eli’s two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were priests to the LORD.

    Here: "At Shiloh," the central sanctuary in the hill country of Ephraim, where the ark and the tent of meeting had stood since Joshua (Josh 18:1).

  2. 1 Samuel 1:9 בְשִׁלֹ֖ה in Shiloh

    So after they had finished eating and drinking in Shiloh, Hannah stood up. Now Eli the priest was sitting on a chair by the doorpost of the temple of the LORD.

  3. 1 Samuel 1:24 שִׁל֑וֹ Shiloh

    Once she had weaned him, Hannah took the boy with her, along with a three-year-old bull, an ephah of flour, and a skin of wine. Though the boy was still young, she brought him to the house of the LORD at Shiloh.

  4. 1 Samuel 2:14 בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ at Shiloh

    and plunge it into the pan or kettle or cauldron or cooking pot. And the priest would claim for himself whatever the meat fork brought up. This is how they treated all the Israelites who came to Shiloh.

  5. 1 Samuel 3:21 בְשִׁלֹ֑ה בְּשִׁל֖וֹ at Shiloh

    And the LORD continued to appear at Shiloh, because there He revealed Himself to Samuel by His word.

  6. 1 Samuel 4:3 מִשִּׁלֹ֗ה from Shiloh

    When the troops returned to the camp, the elders of Israel asked, “Why has the LORD brought defeat on us before the Philistines today? Let us bring the ark of the covenant of the LORD from Shiloh, so that it may go with us to save us from the hand of our enemies.”

    Here: Shiloh was Israel's central sanctuary, where Eli and his sons served (1 Sam 1–3). It lay about 30 km (20 miles) from the battle. Shiloh was later remembered as a place God abandoned (Ps 78:60; Jer 7:12).

  7. 1 Samuel 4:4 שִׁלֹ֔ה Shiloh

    So the people sent men to Shiloh, and they brought back the ark of the covenant of the LORD of Hosts, who sits enthroned between the cherubim. And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God.

    Here: The sanctuary town in the hill country of Ephraim where the ark was kept under Eli's priestly family (1 Sam 1–3). Hebrew uses no preposition here: the place name alone marks where they sent, 'sent Shiloh-ward'.

  8. 1 Samuel 4:12 שִׁלֹ֖ה Shiloh

    That same day a Benjamite ran from the battle line all the way to Shiloh, with his clothes torn and dirt on his head.

  9. 1 Samuel 14:3 בְּשִׁל֖וֹ in Shiloh

    including Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod. He was the son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of the LORD in Shiloh. But the troops did not know that Jonathan had left.

1 Kings · 3
  1. 1 Kings 2:27 בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ פ in Shiloh

    So Solomon banished Abiathar from the priesthood of the LORD and thus fulfilled the word that the LORD had spoken at Shiloh against the house of Eli.

  2. 1 Kings 14:2 שִׁלֹ֗ה Shiloh

    and Jeroboam said to his wife, “Now get up, disguise yourself so they will not recognize you as my wife, and go to Shiloh. For Ahijah the prophet is there; it was he who spoke about my kingship over this people.

  3. 1 Kings 14:4 שִׁלֹ֔ה Shiloh

    Jeroboam’s wife did as instructed; she arose and went to Shiloh and arrived at Ahijah’s house. Now Ahijah could not see, for his eyes were dim because of his age.

Psalms · 1
  1. Psalm 78:60 שִׁל֑וֹ Shiloh

    He abandoned the tabernacle of Shiloh, the tent He had pitched among men.

Jeremiah · 5
  1. Jeremiah 7:12 בְּשִׁיל֔וֹ [was] in Shiloh

    But go now to the place in Shiloh where I first made a dwelling for My Name, and see what I did to it because of the wickedness of My people Israel.

    Here: 'In Shiloh': the Ephraimite town where the tent-sanctuary and the Ark stood in the days of Joshua, the judges and Eli (Josh 18:1; 1 Sam 1–4).

  2. Jeremiah 7:14 לְשִׁלֽוֹ׃ to Shiloh

    therefore what I did to Shiloh I will now do to the house that bears My Name, the house in which you trust, the place that I gave to you and your fathers.

    Here: Shiloh was Israel's earlier central shrine, where the tent sanctuary and the ark stood in the time of Eli and Samuel (Josh 18:1; 1 Sam 1–4). By Jeremiah's day it was a ruin, a byword for a sanctuary that God had abandoned. The verse ends on this name, with the force of a closing blow.

  3. Jeremiah 26:6 כְּשִׁלֹ֑ה like Shiloh

    then I will make this house like Shiloh, and I will make this city an object of cursing among all the nations of the earth.’”

    Here: Shiloh was the earlier sanctuary where the Tent and the Ark stood in the days of Eli and Samuel. By Jeremiah's day it had long been in ruins. To say "like Shiloh" is to say "a chosen sanctuary that God let be destroyed."

  4. Jeremiah 26:9 כְּשִׁלוֹ֙ like Shiloh

    How dare you prophesy in the name of the LORD that this house will become like Shiloh and this city will be desolate and deserted!” And all the people assembled against Jeremiah in the house of the LORD.

  5. Jeremiah 41:5 מִשִּׁל֤וֹ from Shiloh

    eighty men who had shaved off their beards, torn their garments, and cut themselves came from Shechem, Shiloh, and Samaria, carrying grain offerings and frankincense for the house of the LORD.

    Here: Shiloh was the site of Israel's early sanctuary, which had long been in ruins. Jeremiah had used it as his great warning: 'I will make this house like Shiloh' (Jer 7:12–14; 26:6). Now men from Shiloh come to grieve over Jerusalem's ruined temple.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.