Hebrew word · H8052

שְׁמוּעָה

shemu'ah

tidings

From shama', "to hear". It means something heard: news, a report, tidings, a rumour. It is often news of disaster (1 Sam 4:19; Jer 49:23; Ezek 7:26 "rumour upon rumour"). It can also be a message received from God (Isa 28:9, 19; Jer 49:14 and Obad 1, "we have heard a report from the LORD").

Appears 27 times in 24 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) report, news, rumour

1a) report, news, tidings

1b) mention

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Isaiah 53:1

Range of meaning

From shama', "to hear". It means something heard: news, a report, tidings, a rumour. It is often news of disaster (1 Sam 4:19; Jer 49:23; Ezek 7:26 "rumour upon rumour"). It can also be a message received from God (Isa 28:9, 19; Jer 49:14 and Obad 1, "we have heard a report from the LORD").

Against the English

KJV "report" and BSB/NIV/NASB "message" both suggest something the speakers proclaim. NRSV-type renderings ("what we have heard") take it as something the speakers received. ESV ("what he has heard from us") picks the proclaimed sense outright.

How it drifted

Modern "report" suggests a formal account or document, and "message" suggests a sermon. The Hebrew word is about hearing: news passing by word of mouth.

Used elsewhere in the period

Obadiah 1 and Jeremiah 49:14 use shemu'ah for a report the prophet has heard from the LORD. In 1 Kings 10:7 it is news heard about Solomon. The Greek Septuagint translates akoē, "hearing", and the Latin Vulgate auditus, "hearing". Both keep the ambiguity.

From the study of Isaiah 28:9

Range of meaning

A thing heard: a report, news or rumour, and by extension a prophetic message or revelation received from God. It comes from shama', "to hear."

Against the English

KJV has "doctrine." BSB, NIV, ESV and WEB have "message" and YLT has "report." To a modern reader "doctrine" suggests a body of systematic beliefs. The Hebrew means a message that has been heard and announced.

How it drifted

In 1611 "doctrine" (from Latin doctrina, teaching) could mean simply "instruction" or "what is taught." Since then it has narrowed to mean formal theological dogma.

Used elsewhere in the period

1 Sam 2:24, "it is no good report (shemu'ah) that I hear"; 2 Sam 4:4, the news about Saul and Jonathan; Jer 49:14 and Obad 1, "we have heard a report from the LORD." In Isaiah: 28:19, "it will be sheer terror to understand the message (havin shemu'ah)"; 37:7; 53:1, "Who has believed our report?" The Vulgate has auditum ("what is heard"). The LXX has angelia ("announcement").

From the study of Psalm 112:7

Range of meaning

A thing heard: a report, news, rumour or message. It is used for both good and bad news, but it often names news of war and disaster that reaches people before they can see the event for themselves.

Against the English

KJV "tidings" and YLT "report" keep the sense of a message arriving. BSB/WEB "news" is accurate and natural. Nothing important is lost in any of them.

Used elsewhere in the period

Jer 49:23: "Hamath and Arpad are confounded, for they have heard bad news (shemuʿah raʿah); they melt in fear." These are the exact words of Ps 112:7, used of cities collapsing in panic. Ezek 7:26: "disaster upon disaster, rumour upon rumour." 2 Sam 4:4: the news of Saul's and Jonathan's death that made a nurse flee in panic. 1 Kgs 2:28: the news that sent Joab running for the altar.

Where it appears

1 Samuel · 2
  1. 1 Samuel 2:24 הַשְּׁמֻעָה֙ the report

    No, my sons; it is not a good report I hear circulating among the LORD’s people.

  2. 1 Samuel 4:19 הַשְּׁמֻעָ֔ה the report

    Now Eli’s daughter-in-law, the wife of Phinehas, was pregnant and about to give birth. When she heard the news of the capture of God’s ark and the deaths of her father-in-law and her husband, she collapsed and gave birth, for her labor pains overtook her.

2 Samuel · 2
  1. 2 Samuel 4:4 שְׁמֻעַת֩ [the] report of

    And Jonathan son of Saul had a son who was lame in his feet. He was five years old when the report about Saul and Jonathan came from Jezreel. His nurse picked him up and fled, but as she was hurrying to escape, he fell and became lame. His name was Mephibosheth.

  2. 2 Samuel 13:30 וְהַשְּׁמֻעָ֣ה and the report

    While they were on the way, a report reached David: “Absalom has struck down all the sons of the king; not one of them is left!”

1 Kings · 2
  1. 1 Kings 2:28 וְהַשְּׁמֻעָה֙ and the report

    When the news reached Joab, who had conspired with Adonijah but not with Absalom, he fled to the tent of the LORD and took hold of the horns of the altar.

  2. 1 Kings 10:7 הַשְּׁמוּעָ֖ה the report

    But I did not believe these things until I came and saw with my own eyes. Indeed, not even half was told to me. Your wisdom and prosperity have far exceeded the report I heard.

2 Kings · 1
  1. 2 Kings 19:7 שְׁמוּעָ֖ה a report

    Behold, I will put a spirit in him so that he will hear a rumor and return to his own land, where I will cause him to fall by the sword.’”

2 Chronicles · 1
  1. 2 Chronicles 9:6 הַשְּׁמוּעָ֖ה the report

    But I did not believe the reports until I came and saw with my own eyes. Indeed, not half of the greatness of your wisdom was told to me. You have far exceeded the report I heard.

Psalms · 1
  1. Psalm 112:7 מִשְּׁמוּעָ֣ה from new[s]

    He does not fear bad news; his heart is steadfast, trusting in the LORD.

    Here: "From a report": literally "something heard," from the verb shamaʿ, "to hear." It means news that arrives by word of mouth, by messenger or rumour. The prefix "from" marks what fear would normally come from.

Proverbs · 2
  1. Proverbs 15:30 שְׁמוּעָ֥ה a report

    The light of the eyes cheers the heart, and good news nourishes the bones.

    Here: Literally 'a thing heard', from shama', 'to hear'. It means news brought by word of mouth, from a messenger or traveller. Elsewhere it is often bad news or rumour, so 'good' is needed to mark it as welcome.

  2. Proverbs 25:25 וּשְׁמוּעָ֥ה and a report

    Like cold water to a weary soul is good news from a distant land.

    Here: 'And a report': news that reaches someone by hearing, from the verb 'to hear'. The 'and' simply joins the second picture to the first. Hebrew uses no 'like… so' here.

Isaiah · 4
  1. Isaiah 28:9 שְׁמוּעָ֑ה [the] message

    Whom is He trying to teach? To whom is He explaining His message? To infants just weaned from milk? To babies removed from the breast?

    Here: Literally "a thing heard": a report or piece of news, here the prophet's message from God. It is not "doctrine" in the sense of a system of teaching. The same word comes back in 28:19, and in 53:1: "Who has believed our report?"

  2. Isaiah 28:19 שְׁמוּעָֽה׃ [the] message

    As often as it passes through, it will carry you away; it will sweep through morning after morning, by day and by night.” The understanding of this message will bring sheer terror.

  3. Isaiah 37:7 שְׁמוּעָ֖ה a report

    Behold, I will put a spirit in him so that he will hear a rumor and return to his own land, where I will cause him to fall by the sword.’”

  4. Isaiah 53:1 לִשְׁמֻעָתֵ֑נוּ <to> report our

    Who has believed our message? And to whom has the arm of the LORD been revealed?

    Here: The preposition le- ("to") + shemu'ah ("something heard", news) + "our". Literally "our hearing". It can mean the news we heard or the news we passed on, and the grammar allows both. The main pause of the verse falls here and divides the two questions.

Jeremiah · 6
  1. Jeremiah 10:22 שְׁמוּעָה֙ a report

    Listen! The sound of a report is coming—a great commotion from the land to the north. It will make the cities of Judah a desolation, a haunt for jackals.

  2. Jeremiah 49:14 שְׁמוּעָ֤ה a report

    I have heard a message from the LORD; an envoy has been sent to the nations: “Assemble yourselves to march against her! Rise up for battle!”

  3. Jeremiah 49:23 שְׁמֻעָ֥ה new[s]

    Concerning Damascus: “Hamath and Arpad are put to shame, for they have heard a bad report; they are agitated like the sea; their anxiety cannot be calmed.

    Here: Something heard: news, a report or a rumour, here of an approaching army. It comes from the same root as the verb 'they heard' two words later, so the line sounds like 'a hearing... they have heard'.

  4. Jeremiah 51:46 בַּשְּׁמוּעָ֖ה הַשְּׁמוּעָ֗ה הַשְּׁמוּעָ֔ה at the report, the report

    Do not let your heart grow faint, and do not be afraid when the rumor is heard in the land; for a rumor will come one year—and then another the next year—of violence in the land and of ruler against ruler.

Ezekiel · 4
  1. Ezekiel 7:26 וּשְׁמֻעָ֥ה שְׁמוּעָ֖ה and report, report

    Disaster upon disaster will come, and rumor after rumor. Then they will seek a vision from a prophet, but instruction from the priests will perish, as will counsel from the elders.

    Here: 'And report': news that is heard, here meaning messengers' reports of the approaching disaster. It does not imply gossip or something unconfirmed.

  2. Ezekiel 16:56 לִשְׁמוּעָ֖ה <into> a mention

    Did you not treat your sister Sodom as an object of scorn in the day of your pride,

  3. Ezekiel 21:7 שְׁמוּעָ֣ה a report

    And when they ask, ‘Why are you groaning?’ you are to say, ‘Because of the news that is coming. Every heart will melt, and every hand will go limp. Every spirit will faint, and every knee will turn to water.’ Yes, it is coming and it will surely happen, declares the Lord GOD.”

    Here: Literally 'a thing heard'. In war contexts it is the dreaded report of an invasion or a defeat. Ezekiel groans now over news that has not arrived yet.

Daniel · 1
  1. Daniel 11:44 וּשְׁמֻע֣וֹת and reports

    But news from the east and the north will alarm him, and he will go out with great fury to destroy many and devote them to destruction.

Obadiah · 1
  1. Obadiah 1:1 שְׁמוּעָ֨ה a report

    This is the vision of Obadiah: This is what the Lord GOD says about Edom—We have heard a message from the LORD; an envoy has been sent among the nations to say, “Rise up, and let us go to battle against her!”—

    Here: Something heard: news or a message. This noun shares its root with the verb that follows, giving the sound-play “a hearing we have heard.” The source is God, so this is no vague rumour.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.