Hebrew word · H8165
שֵׂעִיר
se'ir
Seir
A mountainous region south-east of the Dead Sea, the homeland of Edom (Gen 32:3; 36:8–9: "Esau is Edom… Esau lived in the hill country of Seir"). It is used as another name for Edom (e.g. Ezek 35:2, "Mount Seir").
Appears 39 times in 38 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
§ Seir = "hairy" or "shaggy"
n pr terr
2) the land of Edom, south of the Dead Sea n pr mont
3) a mountain range in Edom extending from the Dead Sea to the Elanitic Gulf
3a) apparently also called 'Mount Seir' and extending most of the distance of the mountain range itself
4) a mountain in northern Judah lying westward from Kirjath-jearim
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Ezekiel 25:8
- Range of meaning
A mountainous region south-east of the Dead Sea, the homeland of Edom (Gen 32:3; 36:8–9: "Esau is Edom… Esau lived in the hill country of Seir"). It is used as another name for Edom (e.g. Ezek 35:2, "Mount Seir").
- Against the English
All versions simply say "Seir." Modern readers seldom realize it means Edom, Judah's "brother" nation descended from Esau.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Edom's hostility at the fall of Jerusalem is remembered bitterly in Obad 10–14, Ps 137:7 and Lam 4:21–22, and is attacked at length in Ezek 35. The Septuagint's text of Ezek 25:8 does not have "and Seir."
From the study of Genesis 32:3
- Range of meaning
Seir is the rugged highland on both sides of the Arabah valley south of the Dead Sea. Edom is the people and territory descended from Esau. In the Bible the two names often refer to the same region.
- Against the English
English presents them as plain place names, so the puns are lost.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Gen 25:25 (Esau born 'red', admoni, and 'like a hairy cloak', se'ar), 25:30 ('this red stuff', ha'adom, 'therefore his name was called Edom'), 27:11 ('my brother is a hairy man', ish sa'ir), 36:8–9 ('Esau dwelt in Mount Seir; Esau is Edom'). Egyptian texts from the late 2nd millennium BC name Seir and Edom (e.g. Papyrus Anastasi VI), and Shasu tribes are linked to the region.
From the study of Isaiah 21:11
- Range of meaning
The rugged highland southeast of the Dead Sea, the territory of Edom. 'Esau dwelt in Mount Seir; Esau is Edom' (Genesis 36:8). The word also sounds like 'hairy', recalling Esau (Genesis 27:11).
- Against the English
Rendered 'Seir' everywhere. NLT turns it into 'Edom' for clarity.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Genesis 32:3; Deuteronomy 2:1–8; Ezekiel 35 (an oracle against 'Mount Seir'). Egyptian texts also mention the Seir region and its people.
Where it appears
Genesis · 9
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Genesis 14:6 שֵׂעִ֑יר Seir
and the Horites in the area of Mount Seir, as far as El-paran, which is near the desert.
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Genesis 32:3 שֵׂעִ֖יר Seir
Jacob sent messengers ahead of him to his brother Esau in the land of Seir, the country of Edom.
Here: The hill country south-east of the Dead Sea. The name sounds like se'ar, 'hair', and recalls Esau the 'hairy' twin (25:25; 27:11).
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Genesis 33:14 שֵׂעִֽירָה׃ Seir towards
Please let my lord go ahead of his servant. I will continue on slowly, at a comfortable pace for the livestock and children, until I come to my lord at Seir.”
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Genesis 33:16 שֵׂעִֽירָה׃ Seir towards
So that day Esau started on his way back to Seir,
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Genesis 36:8 שֵׂעִ֔יר Seir
So Esau (that is, Edom) settled in the area of Mount Seir.
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Genesis 36:9 שֵׂעִֽיר׃ Seir
This is the account of Esau, the father of the Edomites, in the area of Mount Seir.
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Genesis 36:20 שֵׂעִיר֙ Seir
These are the sons of Seir the Horite, who were living in the land: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah,
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Genesis 36:21 שֵׂעִ֖יר Seir
Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan. They are the chiefs of the Horites, the descendants of Seir in the land of Edom.
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Genesis 36:30 שֵׂעִֽיר׃ פ Seir
Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan. They are the chiefs of the Horites, according to their divisions in the land of Seir.
Numbers · 1
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Numbers 24:18 שֵׂעִ֖יר Seir
Edom will become a possession, as will Seir, his enemy; but Israel will perform with valor.
Deuteronomy · 10
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Deuteronomy 1:2 שֵׂעִ֑יר Seir
It is an eleven-day journey from Horeb to Kadesh-barnea by way of Mount Seir.
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Deuteronomy 1:44 בְּשֵׂעִ֖יר in Seir
Then the Amorites who lived in the hills came out against you and chased you like a swarm of bees. They routed you from Seir all the way to Hormah.
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Deuteronomy 2:1 שֵׂעִ֖יר Seir
Then we turned back and headed for the wilderness by way of the Red Sea, as the LORD had instructed me, and for many days we wandered around Mount Seir.
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Deuteronomy 2:4 בְּשֵׂעִ֑יר in Seir
and command the people: ‘You will pass through the territory of your brothers, the descendants of Esau, who live in Seir. They will be afraid of you, so you must be very careful.
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Deuteronomy 2:5 שֵׂעִֽיר׃ Seir
Do not provoke them, for I will not give you any of their land, not even a footprint, because I have given Mount Seir to Esau as his possession.
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Deuteronomy 2:8 בְּשֵׂעִ֔יר in Seir
So we passed by our brothers, the descendants of Esau, who live in Seir. We turned away from the Arabah road, which comes up from Elath and Ezion-geber, and traveled along the road of the Wilderness of Moab.
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Deuteronomy 2:12 וּבְשֵׂעִ֞יר and in Seir
The Horites used to live in Seir, but the descendants of Esau drove them out. They destroyed the Horites from before them and settled in their place, just as Israel did in the land that the LORD gave them as their possession.)
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Deuteronomy 2:22 בְּשֵׂעִ֑יר in Seir
just as He had done for the descendants of Esau who lived in Seir, when He destroyed the Horites from before them. They drove them out and have lived in their place to this day.
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Deuteronomy 2:29 בְּשֵׂעִ֔יר in Seir
just as the descendants of Esau who live in Seir and the Moabites who live in Ar did for us, until we cross the Jordan into the land that the LORD our God is giving us.”
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Deuteronomy 33:2 מִשֵּׂעִיר֙ from Seir
He said: “The LORD came from Sinai and dawned upon us from Seir; He shone forth from Mount Paran and came with myriads of holy ones, with flaming fire at His right hand.
Here: The highlands of Edom, south-east of the Dead Sea along the Arabah valley. It is a second point on the same southern horizon, parallel to Sinai.
Joshua · 4
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Joshua 11:17 שֵׂעִ֔יר Seir
from Mount Halak, which rises toward Seir, as far as Baal-gad in the Valley of Lebanon at the foot of Mount Hermon. He captured all their kings and struck them down, putting them to death.
Here: The mountain country of Edom, south-east of the Dead Sea. It has no preposition in front of it, which in Hebrew can mark the direction of movement: '[toward] Seir.' Seir lies outside the land being described. It only orients the reader.
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Joshua 12:7 שֵׂעִ֑ירָה Seir towards
And these are the kings of the land that Joshua and the Israelites conquered beyond the Jordan to the west, from Baal-gad in the Valley of Lebanon to Mount Halak, which rises toward Seir (according to the allotments to the tribes of Israel, Joshua gave them as an inheritance
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Joshua 15:10 שֵׂעִ֔יר Seir
The border curled westward from Baalah to Mount Seir, ran along the northern slope of Mount Jearim (that is, Chesalon), went down to Beth-shemesh, and crossed to Timnah.
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Joshua 24:4 שֵׂעִיר֙ Seir
and to Isaac I gave Jacob and Esau. I gave Esau Mount Seir to possess, but Jacob and his sons went down to Egypt.
Here: The rugged highlands of Edom, south-east of the Dead Sea on the east side of the Arabah valley. The name sounds like the Hebrew for 'hairy', and Genesis plays on this with Esau (Genesis 25:25; 27:11).
Judges · 1
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Judges 5:4 מִשֵּׂעִיר֙ from Seir
O LORD, when You went out from Seir, when You marched from the land of Edom, the earth trembled, the heavens poured out rain, and the clouds poured down water.
Here: 'From Seir': the mountain range of Edom, south-east of the Dead Sea and far south of the battlefield. It names where the march begins.
1 Chronicles · 2
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1 Chronicles 1:38 שֵׂעִ֔יר Seir
The sons of Seir: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan.
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1 Chronicles 4:42 שֵׂעִ֔יר Seir
And five hundred of these Simeonites led by Pelatiah, Neariah, Rephaiah, and Uzziel, the sons of Ishi, went to Mount Seir
2 Chronicles · 6
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2 Chronicles 20:10 שֵׂעִ֗יר Seir
And now, here are the men of Ammon, Moab, and Mount Seir, whom You did not let Israel invade when they came out of the land of Egypt. So Israel turned away from them and did not destroy them.
Here: The rugged highlands south-east of the Dead Sea, the homeland of Edom, Esau's descendants (Genesis 36:8; Deuteronomy 2:5). So all three named groups are Israel's 'relatives'.
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2 Chronicles 20:22 שֵׂעִ֛יר Seir
The moment they began their shouts and praises, the LORD set ambushes against the men of Ammon, Moab, and Mount Seir who had come against Judah, and they were defeated.
Here: The rugged highlands south and southeast of the Dead Sea, linked with Edom. In this chapter the term probably covers Edomite or Meunite groups (compare 20:1, 10).
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2 Chronicles 20:23 שֵׂעִ֖יר שֵׂעִ֔יר Seir
The Ammonites and Moabites rose up against the inhabitants of Mount Seir, devoting them to destruction. And when they had finished off the inhabitants of Seir, they helped to destroy one another.
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2 Chronicles 25:11 שֵׂעִ֖יר Seir
Amaziah, however, summoned his strength and led his troops to the Valley of Salt, where he struck down 10,000 men of Seir,
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2 Chronicles 25:14 שֵׂעִ֔יר Seir
When Amaziah returned from the slaughter of the Edomites, he brought back the gods of the Seirites, set them up as his own gods, bowed before them, and burned sacrifices to them.
Isaiah · 1
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Isaiah 21:11 מִשֵּׂעִ֔יר from Seir
This is the burden against Dumah: One calls to me from Seir, “Watchman, what is left of the night? Watchman, what is left of the night?”
Here: Seir is the mountain country of Edom, the homeland of Esau's descendants (Genesis 36:8). The voice comes from Judah's nearest kin and long-time rival to the southeast.
Ezekiel · 5
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Ezekiel 25:8 וְשֵׂעִ֔יר and Seir
This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Because Moab and Seir said, “Look, the house of Judah is like all the other nations,”
Here: Seir is the mountain country of Edom, south of the Dead Sea, and often stands for Edom itself (Gen 36:8). Here it adds Edom's voice to Moab's taunt. The Greek translation does not have it (see textual notes).
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Ezekiel 35:2 שֵׂעִ֑יר Seir
“Son of man, set your face against Mount Seir and prophesy against it,
Here: The traditional homeland of Esau's descendants, the Edomites, Israel's nearest kin among the nations. The name recalls that shared family history, which is what makes the betrayal condemned in this chapter so bitter.
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Ezekiel 35:3 שֵׂעִ֑יר Seir
and declare that this is what the Lord GOD says: Behold, I am against you, O Mount Seir. I will stretch out My hand against you and make you a desolate waste.
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Ezekiel 35:7 שֵׂעִ֔יר Seir
I will make Mount Seir a desolate waste and will cut off from it those who come and go.
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Ezekiel 35:15 שֵׂעִיר֙ Seir
As you rejoiced when the inheritance of the house of Israel became desolate, so will I do to you. You will become a desolation, O Mount Seir, and so will all of Edom. Then they will know that I am the LORD.
Here: The rugged highland east and south of the Dead Sea, Edom's heartland. Genesis 36:8 says Esau settled there.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.