Hebrew word · H8252
שָׁקַט
shoket
to quiet
To be quiet, calm, undisturbed, at rest. It is frequently used of a land at peace after war, and also of a person who is calm or unworried.
Appears 41 times in 41 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) to be quiet, be tranquil, be at peace, be quiet, rest, lie still, be undisturbed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be quiet, be undisturbed
1a1a) to be at peace (of land)
1a2) to be quiet, be inactive
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to show quietness
1b1a) quietness, display of quietness (subst)
1b2) to quiet, be quiet
1b3) to cause quietness, pacify, allay
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
To be quiet, calm, undisturbed, at rest. It is frequently used of a land at peace after war, and also of a person who is calm or unworried.
- Against the English
BSB 'keep still' and KJV/WEB 'rest' are both fair. 'Rest' can sound like personal relaxation, but the word suggests settling down as if the matter were finished.
- Used elsewhere in the period
'The land had rest (tishqot) forty years' (Judg 3:11). The 'quiet and secure' people of Laish (Judg 18:7). Isaiah 7:4 tells Ahaz to 'be quiet' (hashqet) and not fear. Isaiah 30:15 says 'in quietness and trust shall be your strength'.
- Range of meaning
To be quiet, undisturbed, at rest. It describes a land 'at rest' from war (Judges 3:11; 5:31) and a person or people who are settled and secure. This causative-type form (Hiphil) means 'show quietness, keep still, keep things calm'.
- Against the English
KJV and ESV 'be quiet', NIV 'keep calm', NASB 'be calm', WEB 'keep calm'. 'Be quiet' can be heard today as 'stop talking'. That is not the sense.
- How it drifted
Modern English hears 'quiet' either as silence or as inner calm. The Hebrew word belongs to the language of political and military rest: not being stirred up or thrown into turmoil.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Isaiah uses the same theme at the high point of his anti-alliance preaching: 'In returning and rest you shall be saved; in quietness (hašqēṭ) and trust shall be your strength' (Isaiah 30:15), spoken against reliance on Egypt. Compare Isaiah 32:17, 'the effect of righteousness, quietness and trust forever'. The Vulgate renders 'vide ut sileas' ('see that you keep still').
From the study of Proverbs 15:18
- Range of meaning
To be quiet, undisturbed, at rest. In the causative form used here: to make quiet, pacify, give rest.
- Against the English
KJV/WEB 'appeaseth' now suggests giving in to someone's demands. BSB, NASB and NIV 'calms' and ESV 'quiets' are closer. NLT's 'stops them' is accurate but flat.
- How it drifted
In the KJV era (1611), 'appease' meant to pacify or bring peace. Since the 1930s, mainly because of the 'appeasement' of Hitler, it has come to mean giving in to an aggressor to keep him quiet.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Used of the land after war: 'and the land had rest forty years' (Judges 3:11, 30; 5:31; 8:28; Joshua 11:23). The causative form appears in Psalm 94:13 ('to give him rest from days of trouble') and Job 34:29 ('when he gives quiet, who can condemn?').
Where it appears
Joshua · 2
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Joshua 11:23 שָׁקְטָ֖ה it was at peace
So Joshua took the entire land, in keeping with all that the LORD had spoken to Moses. And Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel according to the allotments to their tribes. Then the land had rest from war.
Here: 'Was quiet / became undisturbed'. The picture is calm after upheaval, the absence of fighting, not leisure or inner spiritual rest. It is the same phrase the book of Judges uses for its periods of peace between crises.
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Joshua 14:15 שָׁקְטָ֖ה it was at peace
(Hebron used to be called Kiriath-arba, after Arba, the greatest man among the Anakim.) Then the land had rest from war.
Judges · 6
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Judges 3:11 וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט and it was at peace
So the land had rest for forty years, until Othniel son of Kenaz died.
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Judges 3:30 וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט and it was at peace
So Moab was subdued under the hand of Israel that day, and the land had rest for eighty years.
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Judges 5:31 וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט and it was at peace
So may all Your enemies perish, O LORD! But may those who love You shine like the sun at its brightest.” And the land had rest for forty years.
Here: The narrator's prose returns: 'and the land was quiet'. It means free of war and raids, undisturbed, not 'rest' in a spiritual or Sabbath sense.
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Judges 8:28 וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט and it was at peace
In this way Midian was subdued before the Israelites and did not raise its head again. So the land had rest for forty years in the days of Gideon,
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Judges 18:7 שֹׁקֵ֣ט׀ at peace
So the five men departed and came to Laish, where they saw that the people were living securely, like the Sidonians, quiet and unsuspecting. There was nothing lacking in the land and no oppressive ruler. And they were far away from the Sidonians and had no alliance with anyone.
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Judges 18:27 שֹׁקֵ֣ט at peace
After they had taken Micah’s idols and his priest, they went to Laish, to a quiet and unsuspecting people, and they struck them with their swords and burned down the city.
Ruth · 1
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Ruth 3:18 יִשְׁקֹט֙ he will be at peace
“Wait, my daughter,” said Naomi, “until you find out how things go, for he will not rest unless he has resolved the matter today.”
2 Kings · 1
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2 Kings 11:20 שָׁקָ֑טָה it was at peace
and all the people of the land rejoiced. And the city was quiet, because Athaliah had been put to the sword at the royal palace.
1 Chronicles · 1
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1 Chronicles 4:40 וְשֹׁקֶ֖טֶת and at peace
There they found rich, good pasture, and the land was spacious, peaceful, and quiet; for some Hamites had lived there formerly.
2 Chronicles · 5
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2 Chronicles 14:1 שָׁקְטָ֥ה it was at peace
Then Abijah rested with his fathers and was buried in the City of David. And his son Asa reigned in his place, and in his days the land was at peace for ten years.
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2 Chronicles 14:5 וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט and it was at peace
He also removed the high places and incense altars from all the cities of Judah, and under him the kingdom was at peace.
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2 Chronicles 14:6 שָׁקְטָ֣ה it was at peace
Because the land was at peace, Asa built fortified cities in Judah. In those days no one made war with him, because the LORD had given him rest.
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2 Chronicles 20:30 וַתִּשְׁקֹ֖ט and it was at peace
Then Jehoshaphat’s kingdom was at peace, for his God had given him rest on every side.
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2 Chronicles 23:21 שָׁקָ֑טָה it was at peace
and all the people of the land rejoiced. And the city was quiet, because Athaliah had been put to the sword.
Job · 4
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Job 3:13 וְאֶשְׁק֑וֹט and I may be at peace
For now I would be lying down in peace; I would be asleep and at rest
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Job 3:26 שָׁקַ֥טְתִּי I am at peace
I am not at ease or quiet; I have no rest, for trouble has come.”
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Job 34:29 יַשְׁקִ֨ט׀ he will keep quiet
But when He remains silent, who can condemn Him? When He hides His face, who can see Him? Yet He watches over both man and nation,
Here: This form of the verb can mean 'he grants calm/rest' (KJV, WEB, YLT) or 'he keeps still, does nothing' (BSB, ESV, NIV). Either way the picture is of God not acting visibly, or settling a matter in calm. Elihu is answering Job's complaint that God sits idle while the wicked prosper.
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Job 37:17 בְּהַשְׁקִ֥ט when is still
You whose clothes get hot when the land lies hushed under the south wind,
Psalms · 3
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Psalm 76:8 וְשָׁקָֽטָה׃ and it was quiet
From heaven You pronounced judgment, and the earth feared and was still
Here: The earth 'grew quiet'. This verb is the standard Hebrew way of saying a land has rest from war ('the land had rest forty years', Judges 3:11). The fighting stopped. The stillness is the calm that follows when war has been ended.
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Psalm 83:1 תִּשְׁקֹ֣ט you be inactive
A song. A Psalm of Asaph. O God, be not silent; be not speechless; be not still, O God.
Here: To sit undisturbed and inactive, like a land at peace or a sword back in its sheath. The plea is 'Do not stay calm and passive while this goes on'. The point is action, not speech.
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Psalm 94:13 לְהַשְׁקִ֣יט to give quiet
to grant him relief from days of trouble, until a pit is dug for the wicked.
Here: Literally 'to make quiet' or 'to cause to be undisturbed.' The 'to' marks purpose: this is what God's discipline and teaching in verse 12 are for. The picture is calm after turmoil, like a land that has stopped being invaded, not leisure.
Proverbs · 1
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Proverbs 15:18 יַשְׁקִ֥יט he makes quiet
A hot-tempered man stirs up strife, but he who is slow to anger calms dispute.
Here: 'Makes quiet'. The verb is used of a land at rest after war. The patient person doesn't just avoid the fight; he brings it to rest. The verb form describes what he characteristically does.
Isaiah · 7
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Isaiah 7:4 וְהַשְׁקֵ֜ט and show quietness
and say to him: Calm down and be quiet. Do not be afraid or disheartened over these two smoldering stubs of firewood—over the fierce anger of Rezin and Aram and of the son of Remaliah.
Here: 'Keep things quiet, stay undisturbed.' In Isaiah this is a political stance: do not rush into frantic counter-moves or foreign alliances. It is more than an inner feeling.
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Isaiah 14:7 שָׁקְטָ֖ה it is at peace
All the earth is at peace and at rest; they break out in song.
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Isaiah 18:4 אֶשְׁקֳטָ֖ה I will remain quiet
For this is what the LORD has told me: “I will quietly look on from My dwelling place, like shimmering heat in the sunshine, like a cloud of dew in the heat of harvest.”
Here: A form that expresses resolve: 'I will hold still' or 'let me stay quiet'. This is restraint God chooses, holding back from action for now. It does not mean he is idle or uninvolved.
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Isaiah 30:15 בְּהַשְׁקֵט֙ in being quiet
For the Lord GOD, the Holy One of Israel, has said: “By repentance and rest you would be saved; your strength would lie in quiet confidence—but you were not willing.”
Here: 'In keeping calm': the same word Isaiah gave King Ahaz in 7:4, 'Be careful, keep calm, do not fear.' Composure that refuses panic-driven action, not silence of the voice.
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Isaiah 32:17 הַשְׁקֵ֥ט [will be] quietness
The work of righteousness will be peace; the service of righteousness will be quiet confidence forever.
Here: A verb form used here as a noun: 'being quiet, being left undisturbed.' This verb describes a land that 'had rest' from war (Judges 3:11), and Isaiah uses it for the calm, trusting stance toward God he urged on Judah's kings (7:4; 30:15).
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Isaiah 57:20 הַשְׁקֵט֙ to be quiet
But the wicked are like the storm-tossed sea, for it cannot be still, and its waves churn up mire and muck.
Here: 'To become still, settle, be at peace and undisturbed'. Isaiah uses the same word for the quiet trust God asks of his people (7:4; 30:15) and the quiet that righteousness produces (32:17). It is put first in its clause for emphasis: '*stillness* it cannot manage'.
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Isaiah 62:1 אֶשְׁק֑וֹט I will remain quiet
For Zion’s sake I will not keep silent, and for Jerusalem’s sake I will not keep still, until her righteousness shines like a bright light, her salvation like a blazing torch.
Here: This is the quiet of things being settled and calm. It is often used of a land 'at rest' from war. The speaker refuses to sit back as though all were well.
Jeremiah · 6
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Jeremiah 30:10 וְשָׁקַ֥ט and he will be undisturbed
As for you, O Jacob My servant, do not be afraid, declares the LORD, and do not be dismayed, O Israel. For I will surely save you out of a distant place, your descendants from the land of their captivity! Jacob will return to quiet and ease, with no one to make him afraid.
Here: The calm of a land free from war, as in Judges' "the land had rest". It describes outward peace, not only an inner feeling.
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Jeremiah 46:27 וְשָׁקַ֥ט and he will be undisturbed
But you, O Jacob My servant, do not be afraid, and do not be dismayed, O Israel. For I will surely save you out of a distant place, your descendants from the land of their captivity! Jacob will return to quiet and ease, with no one to make him afraid.
Here: Quiet as in no war: the word Judges uses for 'the land had rest'. It is a political and military calm.
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Jeremiah 47:6 תִשְׁקֹ֑טִי you will be inactive
‘Alas, O sword of the LORD, how long until you rest? Return to your sheath; cease and be still!’
Here: 'Will you be quiet'. This is the verb used for a land that 'had rest' from war (Judges 3:11). The speaker longs for that hush after battle.
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Jeremiah 47:7 תִּשְׁקֹ֔טִי will you be inactive
How can it rest when the LORD has commanded it? He has appointed it against Ashkelon and the shore of its coastland.”
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Jeremiah 48:11 וְשֹׁקֵ֥ט and [has been] undisturbed
Moab has been at ease from youth, settled like wine on its dregs; he has not been poured from vessel to vessel or gone into exile. So his flavor has remained the same, and his aroma is unchanged.
Here: A participle describing a lasting state: 'and he is lying still'. It is used of a land at rest from war (Judg 3:11), and here also of wine that has never been stirred up.
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Jeremiah 49:23 הַשְׁקֵ֖ט to be quiet
Concerning Damascus: “Hamath and Arpad are put to shame, for they have heard a bad report; they are agitated like the sea; their anxiety cannot be calmed.
Here: 'To be still, to be at rest.' The same verb describes a land that has 'rest' from war (Judg 3:11). Here it is the calm the sea, and the frightened people, cannot reach.
Ezekiel · 3
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Ezekiel 16:42 וְשָׁ֣קַטְתִּ֔י and I will be at peace
So I will lay to rest My wrath against you, and My jealousy will turn away from you. Then I will be calm and no longer angry.
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Ezekiel 16:49 הַשְׁקֵ֗ט quietness
Now this was the iniquity of your sister Sodom: She and her daughters were arrogant, overfed, and complacent; they did not help the poor and needy.
Here: A verb form used as a noun: 'keeping quiet, being undisturbed'. Together with the previous word it means 'the ease of being left in peace', a life nothing disturbs. It does not mean laziness.
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Ezekiel 38:11 הַשֹּׁ֣קְטִ֔ים those at peace
You will say, ‘I will go up against a land of unwalled villages; I will come against a quiet people who dwell securely, all of them living without walls or bars or gates—
Zechariah · 1
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Zechariah 1:11 וְשֹׁקָֽטֶת׃ and [is] undisturbed
And the riders answered the angel of the LORD who was standing among the myrtle trees, “We have patrolled the earth, and behold, all the earth is at rest and tranquil.”
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.