Greek word · G2325
θερίζω
therizō
to reap
To harvest or reap. Figuratively it means receiving the results of one's actions, whether in this life or at the final judgment, depending on context (e.g. Gal 6:8–9 'in due season we will reap'; John 4:36–38).
Appears 21 times in 17 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·
What it means
θερίζω
(θέρος), [in LXX chiefly for קָצַר ;]
to reap: Matthew 6:26, Luke 12:24, James 5:4; figuratively, Matthew 25:24, 26, Luke 19:21-22, John 4:36-38, 2 Corinthians 9:6, Galatians 6:7, 9, Revelation 14:15; with accusative, τ. σαρκικά, 1 Corinthians 9:11; φθοράν, ζωὴν αἰώνιον, Galatians 6:8; τ. γῆν, Revelation 14:16.†
(AS)
From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of 2 Corinthians 9:6
- Range of meaning
To harvest or reap. Figuratively it means receiving the results of one's actions, whether in this life or at the final judgment, depending on context (e.g. Gal 6:8–9 'in due season we will reap'; John 4:36–38).
- Against the English
'Reap' is accurate. The question is what is reaped, and verses 8–14 answer it.
- Used elsewhere in the period
LXX Prov 22:8: 'whoever sows wickedness will reap evils'. The added line in the Greek, 22:8a, reads 'God blesses a cheerful and giving man'. Paul adapts that line in the very next verse (9:7: 'God loves a cheerful giver'). So Paul has this Proverbs passage in mind.
From the study of Galatians 6:9
- Range of meaning
To reap or harvest grain. Figuratively, to receive the outcome of what one has done. In Jewish and early Christian usage harvest is a stock image of the final judgment and gathering.
- Against the English
KJV/WEB 'reap' is exact. BSB adds 'a harvest' and NLT 'a harvest of blessing', which are interpretive expansions.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The sowing-and-reaping proverb was widespread in Greek and Jewish wisdom (Job 4:8; Prov 22:8; Hos 8:7; Ps 126:5–6, 'those who sow in tears will reap with joy'). Harvest as end-time judgment appears in Joel 3:13, Matt 13:30, 39 and Rev 14:15–16.
From the study of Galatians 6:7
- Range of meaning
To reap, harvest, gather a crop. In Jewish and early Christian use, harvest is a common image for God's final judgment and the gathering at the end of the age (Joel 3:13; Matt 13:30, 39; Rev 14:15–16).
- Against the English
"Reap" is accurate. BSB's "he will reap in return" drops Paul's emphasis that it is this very thing that comes back. NIV's "A man reaps what he sows" turns the future "will reap" into a timeless present, which can make it sound like a general law of life rather than a coming harvest.
- How it drifted
The phrase "you reap what you sow" now circulates as a secular proverb for natural consequences, or as an impersonal cosmic law ("karma"). That makes it easy to miss that Paul's reaper answers to God.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Harvest as judgment: Joel 3:13; Hos 6:11; 4 Ezra 4:28–32 (the evil seed sown in Adam must be harvested before the good field comes); Matt 13:30; Rev 14:14–20. In Galatians the harvest is "in due season" (6:9), God's appointed time.
Where it appears
Matthew · 3
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Matthew 6:26 θερίζουσιν do they reap
Look at the birds of the air: They do not sow or reap or gather into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not much more valuable than they?
Here: The second step: cutting the ripe grain in spring and early summer.
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Matthew 25:24 θερίζων reaping
Finally, the servant who had received the one talent came and said, ‘Master, I knew that you are a hard man, reaping where you have not sown and gathering where you have not scattered seed.
Here: "Reaping." A present participle, describing what he habitually does. It pictures a man who takes harvests from fields he did no work in.
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Matthew 25:26 θερίζω I reap
‘You wicked, lazy servant!’ replied his master. ‘You knew that I reap where I have not sown and gather where I have not scattered seed.
Here: 'I reap'. The present tense describes a habit: this is what the master does as a rule. He is quoting the slave's own picture of him (v. 24).
Luke · 3
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Luke 12:24 θερίζουσιν they reap
Consider the ravens: They do not sow or reap, they have no storehouse or barn; yet God feeds them. How much more valuable you are than the birds!
Here: Harvesting, the last stage of the farming year. With 'sow' it covers the whole cycle of planting and gathering, and ravens take part in none of it.
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Luke 19:21 θερίζεις you reap
For I was afraid of you, because you are a harsh man. You withdraw what you did not deposit and reap what you did not sow.’
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Luke 19:22 θερίζων reaping
His master replied, ‘You wicked servant, I will judge you by your own words. So you knew that I am a harsh man, withdrawing what I did not deposit and reaping what I did not sow?
Here: 'Reaping.' A farming picture: gathering a harvest.
John · 4
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John 4:36 θερίζων θερίζων. reaping, is reaping.
Already the reaper draws his wages and gathers a crop for eternal life, so that the sower and the reaper may rejoice together.
Here: 'The reaper': the field hand cutting ripe grain. The present tense pictures someone in the middle of the job right now, which picks up 'the fields are already white for harvest' (v. 35).
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John 4:37 θερίζων. is reaping.
For in this case the saying ‘One sows and another reaps’ is true.
Here: "The reaper": the person who brings in the grain at harvest. In v. 36 this is the one who "draws wages" and "gathers fruit for eternal life". In v. 38 it is the disciples.
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John 4:38 θερίζειν to reap
I sent you to reap what you have not worked for; others have done the hard work, and now you have taken up their labor.”
Here: Their purpose is to reap. This picks up 4:35–37, where the fields are 'white for harvest'. In Jewish imagery, harvest pointed to the gathering of God's people at the decisive moment.
1 Corinthians · 1
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1 Corinthians 9:11 θερίσομεν; will reap?
If we have sown spiritual seed among you, is it too much for us to reap a material harvest from you?
2 Corinthians · 2
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2 Corinthians 9:6 θερίσει, θερίσει. will reap,, will reap.
Remember this: Whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and whoever sows generously will also reap generously.
Here: Future tense: the harvest follows the sowing, as it does in farming. Verses 8–11 say what this harvest is.
Galatians · 4
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Galatians 6:7 θερίσει· he will reap;
Do not be deceived: God is not to be mocked. Whatever a man sows, he will reap in return.
Here: "He will reap." The future tense matters. The harvest comes later, at the proper time (v. 9). Verse 8 shows Paul has God's final judgment in view: ruin or eternal life.
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Galatians 6:8 θερίσει θερίσει will reap
The one who sows to please his flesh, from the flesh will reap destruction; but the one who sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life.
Here: Future tense: the harvest still lies ahead, at the final reckoning ('in due time', v.9). In Jewish and early Christian speech 'harvest' was a common picture of the end-time judgment.
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Galatians 6:9 θερίσομεν we will reap a harvest
Let us not grow weary in well-doing, for in due time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up.
Here: Future indicative, a flat statement of certainty: 'we will reap'. It continues the sowing and reaping image of vv. 7–8, where the Spirit's harvest is 'eternal life'.
James · 1
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James 5:4 θερισάντων having harvested
Look, the wages you withheld from the workmen who mowed your fields are crying out against you. The cries of the harvesters have reached the ears of the Lord of Hosts.
Here: The ordinary word for harvesting, a variation on "mowed" above. Same people, same finished work. The harvest image also sets up the coming harvest of judgment (5:5, 5:7).
Revelation · 3
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Revelation 14:15 θέρισον, θερίσαι, do reap,, to reap,
Then another angel came out of the temple, crying out in a loud voice to the One seated on the cloud, “Swing Your sickle and reap, because the time has come to harvest, for the crop of the earth is ripe.”
Here: Cut and gather the grain. In biblical imagery this means the final gathering at the end of the age. The aorist command is decisive: 'reap!'
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Revelation 14:16 ἐθερίσθη was harvested
So the One seated on the cloud swung His sickle over the earth, and the earth was harvested.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.