Greek word · G2816
κληρονομέω
klēronomeō
to inherit
'Receive an allotted share, take possession of, inherit.' In the Greek Old Testament it mostly translates Hebrew yarash, 'take possession of (the land)', and is tied to the promise of Canaan as Israel's allotted inheritance. The word does not need anyone to have died.
Appears 18 times in 17 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·
What it means
κληρονομέω, -ῶ
(κληρονόμος) [in LXX chiefly for יָרַשׁ, also for נָחַל, etc. ;]
1. to receive by lot.
2. to inherit (in cl., usually with genitive of thing(s)): absol., Galatians 4:30 (LXX); in general, to possess oneself of, receive as one's own, obtain (as Deuteronomy 4:5, al., cf. Psalms 25:3, Isaiah 61:7): with accusative of thing(s) (as generally in late Gk., see M, Pr., 65), of the Messianic Kingdom (cf. Psalms 37:11, Sirach 4:13 37:26, and see Dalman, Words, 125 ff.) and its blessings and privileges, τ. γῆν, Matthew 5:5 (cf. LXX); τ. βασιλείαν, β. θεοῦ, Matthew 25:34, 1 Corinthians 6:9-10 15:50, Galatians 5:21; ζωὴν αἰώνιον, Matthew 19:29, Mark 10:17, Luke 10:25 18:18; σωτηρίαν, Hebrews 1:14; τ. ἐπαγγελίας, Hebrews 6:12; ἀφθαρσίαν, 1 Corinthians 15:50; ὄνομα, Hebrews 1:4; τ. εὐλογίαν, Hebrews 12:17, 1 Peter 3:9; ταῦτα, Revelation 21:7 (cf. κατα-κληρονομέω).†
(AS)
From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
'Receive an allotted share, take possession of, inherit.' In the Greek Old Testament it mostly translates Hebrew yarash, 'take possession of (the land)', and is tied to the promise of Canaan as Israel's allotted inheritance. The word does not need anyone to have died. It means receiving what has been allotted to you.
- Against the English
English 'inherit' suggests receiving property when a relative dies. That picture is not present here. The idea is receiving one's God-given lot, as the tribes received their portions of the land.
- How it drifted
The modern legal and family sense of 'inheritance' has narrowed the English word. In Bible translation 'inherit' is a long-standing convention for yarash/klēronomeō.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Psalm 37 (Greek Psalm 36) repeats 'they shall inherit the land' five times (vv. 9, 11, 22, 29, 34) for the meek and righteous, set against the wicked who are cut off. Isaiah 60:21 says 'your people shall all be righteous; they shall possess the land for ever'. The same Greek phrase, klēronomēsousin tēn gēn, appears in Matthew 5:5.
From the study of Hebrews 1:14
- Range of meaning
To receive an inheritance or allotted portion. In the LXX it is constantly used for Israel taking possession of the promised land (Deut 1:8; 4:1). Later Jewish writing widens it to inheriting 'the earth,' 'eternal life,' or 'the age to come.'
- Against the English
KJV 'heirs of salvation' (a noun); most moderns 'inherit salvation.' Both are accurate. KJV's noun stresses status (heirs), the verb stresses the coming act of receiving.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Deut 4:1; Ps 37:9, 11 LXX ('the meek shall inherit the land'); Psalms of Solomon 14:10 ('the holy ones of the Lord shall inherit life in gladness'); Matt 5:5; 19:29. In Hebrews: 1:4 (the Son inherited a name), 6:12, 12:17; the noun klēronomos appears at 1:2, 6:17, 11:7.
- Range of meaning
To receive a share, to inherit, to come into possession of an allotment (klēros = lot, share). In the Septuagint it often translates Hebrew yarash, 'take possession of, occupy' the land, sometimes by driving out the people living there, and also the receiving of the tribal allotments in Joshua.
- Against the English
English 'inherit' suggests getting a parent's estate after a death. The biblical sense centres on receiving one's God-given allotment in the promised land; no one has to die for it.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Deuteronomy repeatedly: 'go in and inherit/possess the land'. Psalm 37 LXX uses it five times (vv. 9, 11, 22, 29, 34) for the righteous receiving the land while the wicked are cut off. Isaiah 60:21 LXX: 'they will inherit the land forever'; the Mishnah (Sanhedrin 10:1) cites that verse to prove that 'all Israel has a share in the world to come'. 1 Enoch 5:7: 'the elect... shall inherit the earth.'
Similar words
Where it appears
Matthew · 3
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Matthew 5:5 κληρονομήσουσιν will inherit
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth.
Here: Future tense: they will come into possession. The land comes to them as a gift and an allotted share from God, not as plunder taken by force.
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Matthew 19:29 κληρονομήσει.¶ will inherit.
And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or wife or children or fields for the sake of My name will receive a hundredfold and will inherit eternal life.
Here: "Will inherit", that is, receive as one's rightful share in God's family. It reverses the loss: people who gave up the family fields receive God's own inheritance.
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Matthew 25:34 κληρονομήσατε do inherit
Then the King will say to those on His right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.
Here: An aorist imperative, a decisive command: 'take possession now!' This is family and land language for receiving one's rightful portion as an heir. No death is implied.
Mark · 1
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Mark 10:17 κληρονομήσω;¶ I may inherit?
As Jesus started on His way, a man ran up and knelt before Him. “Good Teacher,” he asked, “what must I do to inherit eternal life?”
Here: 'May I inherit': receive as your own share, as a member of God's family. The word comes from Israel's tribes receiving their portions of the promised land. It does not suggest anyone dying.
Luke · 2
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Luke 10:25 κληρονομήσω; will I inherit?
One day an expert in the law stood up to test Him. “Teacher,” he asked, “what must I do to inherit eternal life?”
Here: "Will I inherit?" (future tense). This is the language of receiving one's allotted share as a rightful heir, the way Israel "inherited" the land. He is asking how to make sure he has a share in the promised future.
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Luke 18:18 κληρονομήσω; will I inherit?
Then a certain ruler asked Him, “Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?”
Here: 'Will I inherit?' To receive your allotted share as a rightful heir. It echoes Israel inheriting the Promised Land, and later the hope of 'a share in the age to come'. The future tense looks ahead to that age.
1 Corinthians · 4
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1 Corinthians 6:9 κληρονομήσουσιν;¶ will inherit?
Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men who submit to or perform homosexual acts,
Here: Future tense, pointing to the final judgment. Inheritance language recalls Israel receiving the promised land. Here the 'land' is a share in God's coming reign, received as an heir and not earned as wages.
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1 Corinthians 6:10 κληρονομήσουσιν. will inherit.
nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor verbal abusers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God.
Here: Future tense: 'they will inherit', looking ahead to the final day. The word means receiving one's allotted share as a rightful heir, the way Israel's tribes received the land. That picture assumes belonging to the family.
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1 Corinthians 15:50 κληρονομῆσαι κληρονομεῖ. to inherit, does inherit.
Now I declare to you, brothers, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable.
Here: To come into possession of an allotted share as an heir. The word echoes Israel receiving the promised land as its inheritance. Here it means entering and possessing the coming kingdom.
Galatians · 2
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Galatians 4:30 κληρονομήσει will inherit
But what does the Scripture say? “Expel the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.”
Here: To receive an heir's share. In Galatians the inheritance is the promise God made to Abraham (3:18, 29; 4:7). The future tense looks ahead to who finally receives it.
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Galatians 5:21 κληρονομήσουσιν. will inherit.
and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.
Here: Future: 'will inherit'. It means receiving one's share as a rightful heir. In Galatians this ties straight into Paul's argument about who the true heirs of Abraham are (3:18, 29; 4:7, 30).
Hebrews · 4
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Hebrews 1:4 κεκληρονόμηκεν He has inherited
So He became as far superior to the angels as the name He has inherited is excellent beyond theirs.
Here: 'He has inherited (and still holds).' The perfect tense describes a completed act with a lasting result. It picks up v.2, where God appointed the Son 'heir of all things': what he receives, he receives as the son and rightful heir.
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Hebrews 1:14 κληρονομεῖν to inherit
Are not the angels ministering spirits sent to serve those who will inherit salvation?
Here: To receive what belongs to you as a family member. It echoes the Son, 'heir of all things' (1:2), who 'inherited' a better name than the angels (1:4). Believers share the Son's inheritance; angels are servants in the house, not heirs.
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Hebrews 6:12 κληρονομούντων inheriting
Then you will not be sluggish, but will imitate those who through faith and patience inherit what has been promised.
Here: 'Those who inherit' or 'are inheriting.' The present tense describes the kind of people who come into the promised portion, as a general description, without fixing a moment. The word recalls Israel receiving its allotted inheritance from God.
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Hebrews 12:17 κληρονομῆσαι to inherit
For you know that afterward, when he wanted to inherit the blessing, he was rejected. He could find no ground for repentance, though he sought the blessing with tears.
Here: "To inherit": receive what passes to an heir. This is a key word in Hebrews (1:14; 6:12, 17), where believers are heirs of the promise. Esau stands for an heir who lost the inheritance.
1 Peter · 1
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1 Peter 3:9 κληρονομήσητε. you may inherit.
Do not repay evil with evil or insult with insult, but with blessing, because to this you were called so that you may inherit a blessing.
Here: To receive something as an heir, by right of belonging to the family, not by buying or earning it. It recalls Israel's inheritance of the land and 1 Peter's "inheritance imperishable" (1:4).
Revelation · 1
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Revelation 21:7 κληρονομήσει he will inherit
The one who overcomes will inherit all things, and I will be his God, and he will be My son.
Here: Future: 'will receive as an inheritance'. This is the language of Israel receiving the promised land as its allotted share, and of an heir taking up an estate. The word leads directly to the word 'son' at the end of the verse.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.