ἀντί

Matthew 2:22 ἀντὶ in place of

But when he learned that Archelaus was reigning in Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there. And having been warned in a dream, he withdrew to the district of Galilee,

Here: "In place of": the son has stepped into the father's position. It echoes the Greek Old Testament's formula for royal succession, "and his son reigned in his place."

Matthew 5:38 ἀντὶ ἀντὶ for

You have heard that it was said, ‘Eye for eye and tooth for tooth.’

Here: The preposition of equivalence and exchange: one thing given in place of another of equal value. It translates the Hebrew tachat, "in place of". This is the language of payment and matching, not of rage.

Matthew 17:27 ἀντὶ for

“But so that we may not offend them, go to the sea, cast a hook, and take the first fish you catch. When you open its mouth, you will find a four-drachma coin. Take it and give it to them for My tax and yours.”

Here: 'In exchange for' or 'on behalf of'. The coin stands in for what each man owes. It is the same preposition as 'a ransom for (anti) many' in 20:28.

Matthew 20:28 ἀντὶ for

just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many.”

Here: Marks an exchange: his one life stands in the place of the many and is given for their release.

Mark 10:45 ἀντὶ for

For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many.”

Here: "Instead of / in exchange for": his one life is set against, and given in place of, the lives of the many.

Luke 1:20 ἀνθ᾽ in return for

And now you will be silent and unable to speak until the day this comes to pass, because you did not believe my words, which will be fulfilled at their proper time.”

Here: Joined with the next word as anth' hōn, 'in return for which', so 'because'. Greek translations of the Old Testament often use this phrase where a prophet gives the reason for a judgment.

Luke 11:11 ἀντὶ instead of

What father among you, if his son asks for a fish, will give him a snake instead?

Here: The word for substitution. The horror lies in a swap: what was asked for is replaced by something that looks like an answer and is actually its opposite.

Luke 12:3 ἀνθ᾽ Instead

What you have spoken in the dark will be heard in the daylight, and what you have whispered in the inner rooms will be proclaimed from the housetops.

Luke 19:44 ἀνθ᾽ because

They will level you to the ground—you and the children within your walls. They will not leave one stone on another, because you did not recognize the time of your visitation from God.”

Here: With 'which' it forms the idiom 'in return for which', meaning 'because'. It is a solemn phrase from the Greek Old Testament, used in announcements of judgment that give the reason for what is coming.

John 1:16 ἀντὶ for

From His fullness we have all received grace upon grace.

Here: The usual sense is replacement or exchange. One gift stands in the place of another, either as a never-ending succession or as the new gift taking the place of the earlier one (see v.17).

Acts 12:23 ἀνθ᾽ in return

Immediately, because Herod did not give glory to God, an angel of the Lord struck him down, and he was eaten by worms and died.

Here: This is the first half of the idiom anth' hōn, 'because', or literally 'in exchange for the things that'. The root idea of exchange gives the clause the feel of payment: the blow answers what he did.

Romans 12:17 ἀντὶ for

Do not repay anyone evil for evil. Carefully consider what is right in the eyes of everybody.

Here: The preposition of equivalent exchange. It is the same word as in 'eye for (anti) eye' (Exod 21:24 LXX; Matt 5:38), so it brings to mind the whole logic of tit-for-tat.

1 Corinthians 11:15 ἀντὶ instead

but that if a woman has long hair, it is her glory? For long hair is given to her as a covering.

Ephesians 5:31 ἀντὶ Because of

“For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh.”

Here: Opens the fixed phrase 'because of this / for this reason.' Paul has anti where the Greek Old Testament of Genesis 2:24 has heneken. It is a small stylistic change and the meaning is the same.

1 Thessalonians 5:15 ἀντὶ for

Make sure that no one repays evil for evil. Always pursue what is good for one another and for all people.

Here: The language of exchange and equivalence: one harm handed over as payment for another. It names tit-for-tat directly.

2 Thessalonians 2:10 ἀνθ᾽ in return for

and with every wicked deception directed against those who are perishing, because they refused the love of the truth that would have saved them.

Here: With ὧν it forms the idiom 'because'. The basic sense of exchange ('in return for') still shows through: what happens to them corresponds to what they did.

Hebrews 12:2 ἀντὶ in view of

Let us fix our eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy set before Him endured the cross, scorning its shame, and sat down at the right hand of the throne of God.

Here: This can be read two ways: 'for the sake of' the joy ahead (the prize that made the pain worth it) or 'instead of' a joy within reach (which he gave up). See the debates.

Hebrews 12:16 ἀντὶ for

See to it that no one is sexually immoral, or is godless like Esau, who for a single meal sold his birthright.

Here: The language of a price: one thing given up for another. Hebrews used the same preposition in 12:2, where Jesus 'for (anti) the joy set before him endured the cross'. Jesus gave up present comfort for future joy. Esau gave up his future for present comfort.

James 4:15 ἀντὶ Instead [ought]

Instead, you ought to say, “If the Lord is willing, we will live and do this or that.”

Here: Sets up a swap: one kind of speech replaces another. It points back to verse 13 ("you who say, 'Today or tomorrow we will go…'"), so the thought runs "you who say X, instead of saying Y."

1 Peter 3:9 ἀντὶ ἀντὶ for

Do not repay evil with evil or insult with insult, but with blessing, because to this you were called so that you may inherit a blessing.

Here: The preposition of exchange and equivalence: one thing handed over for another. It names the logic of getting even, harm traded for harm.