גָּאוֹן

Exodus 15:7 גְּאוֹנְךָ֖ majesty your

You overthrew Your adversaries by Your great majesty. You unleashed Your burning wrath; it consumed them like stubble.

Leviticus 26:19 גְּא֣וֹן [the] pride of

I will break down your stubborn pride and make your sky like iron and your land like bronze,

Here: "The eminence of" or "the pride of." It comes from a root meaning "to rise high." The word can mean a nation's glory, or the swagger that comes with it. Here it names the high, proud thing about Israel's strength, whatever they boast in and rely on.

Job 35:12 גְּא֣וֹן [the] pride of

There they cry out, but He does not answer, because of the pride of evil men.

Job 37:4 גְּאוֹנ֑וֹ majesty his

Then there comes a roaring sound; He thunders with His majestic voice. He does not restrain the lightning when His voice resounds.

Job 38:11 בִּגְא֥וֹן in [the] pride of

and I declared: ‘You may come this far, but no farther; here your proud waves must stop’?

Here: From a root meaning 'to rise high'. It names the physical heaving and surging of the waves and also their arrogant self-assertion, both together. The preposition can mean 'at' or 'against'.

Job 40:10 גָֽא֣וֹן majesty

Then adorn yourself with majesty and splendor, and clothe yourself with honor and glory.

Here: Towering majesty. In God it is the grandeur that overwhelms his enemies (Exod 15:7). In people and nations it usually means arrogance (Jer 48:29). The word comes from the same root as 'proud one' (gēʾeh) in the next verse, so the first thing Job is told to put on sounds like what he will then be told to crush.

Psalm 47:4 גְּא֨וֹן [the] pride of

He chooses our inheritance for us, the pride of Jacob, whom He loves. Selah

Here: 'The glory of' or 'the pride and boast of'. It means the thing Jacob is rightly proud of, the splendid possession, not the sin of arrogance.

Psalm 59:12 בִגְאוֹנָ֑ם in pride their

By the sins of their mouths and the words of their lips, let them be trapped in their pride, in the curses and lies they utter.

Here: 'In their pride.' The root idea is being high or lifted up. In humans it is haughty self-exaltation. The preposition can mean 'in' (caught inside their pride, as in a net) or 'by' (their pride is what catches them). Both are probably meant.

Proverbs 8:13 וְגָא֨וֹן׀ and arrogance

To fear the LORD is to hate evil; I hate arrogant pride, evil conduct, and perverse speech.

Here: 'And arrogance': a sound-alike from the same root as gēʾâ. The pair gēʾâ wĕgāʾôn rings like 'pride and pridefulness' and doubles the force. Elsewhere the same word means God's own 'majesty', so in a human it means claiming a height that is not yours.

Proverbs 16:18 גָּא֑וֹן pride

Pride goes before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall.

Here: From a root meaning 'to rise up, be high'. Used of a human being, as here, it means lifting yourself up: arrogance, putting yourself above where you belong. It is the 'pride' that walks ahead of the crash.

Isaiah 2:10 גְּאֹנֽוֹ׃ majesty his

Go into the rocks and hide in the dust from the terror of the LORD and the splendor of His majesty.

Here: 'His majesty.' The word means being lifted high. Used of God it is majesty. Used of humans it usually means arrogance (Isa 13:11; 16:6). In a chapter about cutting down human loftiness, it points to the one height that stays standing.

Isaiah 2:19 גְּאוֹנ֔וֹ majesty his

Men will flee to caves in the rocks and holes in the ground, away from the terror of the LORD and from the splendor of His majesty, when He rises to shake the earth.

Here: 'His exaltedness'. The root means 'to be high'. In God it is rightful supremacy. In humans the same word usually means arrogance (Isa 13:11; 16:6). In a chapter about bringing down everything 'high', it insists only one being is truly high.

Isaiah 2:21 גְּאוֹנ֔וֹ majesty his

They will flee to caverns in the rocks and crevices in the cliffs, away from the terror of the LORD and from the splendor of His majesty, when He rises to shake the earth.

Isaiah 4:2 לְגָא֣וֹן <into> exaltation

On that day the Branch of the LORD will be beautiful and glorious, and the fruit of the land will be the pride and glory of Israel’s survivors.

Here: 'For majesty / something to be proud of.' Isaiah usually uses this word for human arrogance that God brings low, or for God's own majesty. Here it is a pride the survivors may rightly feel, and God is the one who grants it.

Isaiah 13:11 גְּא֣וֹן [the] pride of

I will punish the world for its evil and the wicked for their iniquity. I will end the haughtiness of the arrogant and lay low the pride of the ruthless.

Here: Comes from a root meaning 'to rise high'. It can be honourable majesty (God's own, Isa 2:10) or arrogant self-exaltation. Here, joined to 'insolent ones', it is the second kind: rising above others and against God.

Isaiah 13:19 גְּא֣וֹן [the] pride of

And Babylon, the jewel of the kingdoms, the glory of the pride of the Chaldeans, will be overthrown by God like Sodom and Gomorrah.

Here: Height, eminence, grandeur. Applied to humans it often means arrogance. Verse 11 has just used it: God will end 'the ge'on of the arrogant'. So 'the splendor of the Chaldeans' ge'on' means both their magnificence and their arrogance.

Isaiah 14:11 גְּאוֹנֶ֖ךָ pride your

Your pomp has been brought down to Sheol, along with the music of your harps. Maggots are your bed and worms your blanket.

Isaiah 16:6 גְאוֹן־ וּגְאוֹנ֛וֹ [the] pride of, and pride its

We have heard of Moab’s pomposity, his exceeding pride and conceit, his overflowing arrogance. But his boasting is empty.

Here: 'The pride of' Moab. The word comes from a root meaning 'to rise high'. It can mean real majesty, but here it is self-exaltation: a nation that has grown taller in its own eyes than it really is.

Isaiah 23:9 גְּא֣וֹן [the] pride of

The LORD of Hosts planned it, to defile all its glorious beauty, to disgrace all the renowned of the earth.

Here: "The loftiness of." It means eminence and majesty, and when humans claim it, the arrogance that comes with it. Here it is both: the real grandeur of Tyre and the self-exaltation it produced.

Isaiah 24:14 בִּגְא֣וֹן in [the] majesty of

They raise their voices, they shout for joy; from the west they proclaim the majesty of the LORD.

Here: 'Over the majesty of.' The preposition gives the reason for the shout or what it is about. In humans this word means arrogance (Isa 13:11; 16:6). In YHWH it means real, towering supremacy, the same 'majesty' that the proud flee from in Isa 2:10, 19, 21.

Isaiah 60:15 לִגְא֣וֹן <into> an exaltation of

Whereas you have been forsaken and despised, with no one passing through, I will make you an everlasting pride, a joy from age to age.

Here: 'Into a majesty / an object of pride'. The point is that others look at her and see splendour, not that she is arrogant. Elsewhere in Isaiah this word names the arrogance God brings down, as with Babylon (13:11, 19). Here God hands it to Zion as a gift.

Jeremiah 12:5 בִּגְא֥וֹן in [the] thicket of

“If you have raced with men on foot and they have worn you out, how can you compete with horses? If you stumble in a peaceful land, how will you do in the thickets of the Jordan?

Here: "In the pride of..." Used of the Jordan, it means the river's lush, towering jungle growth, a known haunt of lions (Jer 49:19; 50:44; Zech 11:3).

Jeremiah 13:9 גְּא֧וֹן גְּא֥וֹן [the] pride of

“This is what the LORD says: In the same way I will ruin the pride of Judah and the great pride of Jerusalem.

Jeremiah 48:29 גְאוֹן־ וּגְאוֹנ֛וֹ [the] pride of, and pride its

We have heard of Moab’s pomposity, his exceeding pride and conceit, his proud arrogance and haughtiness of heart.

Jeremiah 49:19 מִגְּא֣וֹן from [the] thicket[s] of

Behold, one will come up like a lion from the thickets of the Jordan to the watered pasture. For in an instant I will chase Edom from her land. Who is the chosen one I will appoint for this? For who is like Me, and who can challenge Me? What shepherd can stand against Me?”

Here: 'From the pride of': here the word means the Jordan's lush, towering growth, the dense thicket on its banks where lions lived. It does not mean arrogance or flooding.

Jeremiah 50:44 מִגְּא֣וֹן from [the] thicket[s] of

Behold, one will come up like a lion from the thickets of the Jordan to the watered pasture. For in an instant I will chase Babylon from her land. Who is the chosen one I will appoint for this? For who is like Me, and who can challenge Me? What shepherd can stand against Me?”

Here: 'From the pride of': here not arrogance but the 'glory' of the Jordan, its dense, overgrown thickets along the riverbanks, where lions lay hidden.

Ezekiel 7:20 לְגָא֣וֹן into pride

His beautiful ornaments they transformed into pride and used them to fashion their vile images and detestable idols. Therefore I will make these into something unclean for them.

Here: The word means 'loftiness'. It can be splendour that rightly impresses, or the arrogance that comes from it. Here it is what the ornament was made into: something to boast in and rely on.

Ezekiel 7:24 גְּא֣וֹן [the] pride of

So I will bring the most wicked of nations to take possession of their houses. I will end the pride of the mighty, and their holy places will be profaned.

Ezekiel 16:49 גָּא֨וֹן pride

Now this was the iniquity of your sister Sodom: She and her daughters were arrogant, overfed, and complacent; they did not help the poor and needy.

Here: Height and grandeur. Said of God it means majesty; said of a city or people it means swollen self-exaltation. It heads the list, and the other items show what it looked like in daily life.

Ezekiel 16:56 גְּאוֹנָֽיִךְ׃ pride<s> your

Did you not treat your sister Sodom as an object of scorn in the day of your pride,

Ezekiel 24:21 גְּא֣וֹן [the] pride of

Tell the house of Israel that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘I am about to desecrate My sanctuary, the pride of your power, the desire of your eyes, and the delight of your soul. And the sons and daughters you left behind will fall by the sword.’

Here: 'The pride of': something that rises high and that people glory in. It sits between legitimate glory and arrogant over-confidence, and here it leans toward the confidence the people placed in the temple.

Ezekiel 30:6 גְּא֣וֹן [the] pride of

For this is what the LORD says: The allies of Egypt will fall, and her proud strength will collapse. From Migdol to Syene they will fall by the sword within her, declares the Lord GOD.

Ezekiel 30:18 גְּא֣וֹן [the] pride of

The day will be darkened in Tahpanhes when I break the yoke of Egypt and her proud strength comes to an end. A cloud will cover her, and her daughters will go into captivity.

Ezekiel 32:12 גְּא֣וֹן [the] pride of

I will make your hordes fall by the swords of the mighty, the most ruthless of all nations. They will ravage the pride of Egypt and all her multitudes will be destroyed.

Ezekiel 33:28 גְּא֣וֹן [the] pride of

I will make the land a desolate waste, and the pride of her strength will come to an end. The mountains of Israel will become desolate, so that no one will pass through.

Here: Literally 'height, rising up.' Here it is the proud grandeur of the land's power, what Israel gloried in. It carries a note of self-confidence that is about to be broken, as in the covenant curse of Leviticus 26:19.

Hosea 5:5 גְאֽוֹן־ [the] pride of

Israel’s arrogance testifies against them; Israel and Ephraim stumble in their iniquity; even Judah stumbles with them.

Here: Israel's 'height': its national grandeur and the arrogant self-confidence that came with it. Here the word is the witness that speaks against Israel.

Hosea 7:10 גְאֽוֹן־ [the] pride of

Israel’s arrogance testifies against them, yet they do not return to the LORD their God; despite all this, they do not seek Him.

Here: Israel's 'height': national swagger and self-confidence, the sense that they are great and secure. The witness against Israel is its own arrogance.

Amos 6:8 גְּא֣וֹן [the] pride of

The Lord GOD has sworn by Himself—the LORD, the God of Hosts, has declared: “I abhor Jacob’s pride and detest his citadels, so I will deliver up the city and everything in it.”

Here: From a root meaning 'to rise up, swell'. Here it means Israel's lofty self-confidence, along with the visible splendour it rested on. The verse treats this as an arrogance God loathes.

Amos 8:7 בִּגְא֣וֹן by [the] pride of

The LORD has sworn by the Pride of Jacob: “I will never forget any of their deeds.

Here: 'By' introduces what the oath is sworn on, the guarantee that the oath will hold. Gaʾon means height and majesty, and also the arrogance of the self-exalted. Which sense applies here is disputed (see debates).

Micah 5:4 בִּגְא֕וֹן by [the] majesty of

He will stand and shepherd His flock in the strength of the LORD, in the majestic name of the LORD His God. And they will dwell securely, for then His greatness will extend to the ends of the earth.

Here: "In the majesty of": the word means loftiness. For humans it usually means arrogance, but for God it means exalted majesty. It parallels "strength" in the previous phrase.

Nahum 2:2 גְּא֣וֹן כִּגְא֖וֹן [the] majesty of, like [the] majesty of

For the LORD will restore the splendor of Jacob like the splendor of Israel, though destroyers have laid them waste and ruined the branches of their vine.

Here: Here it means a nation's rightful glory and standing: its land, its honour, its flourishing. It is not arrogance. The same phrase 'the pride of Jacob' can be an insult elsewhere (Amos 6:8), but here it is something good that had been lost.

Zephaniah 2:10 גְּאוֹנָ֑ם pride their

This they shall have in return for their pride, for taunting and mocking the people of the LORD of Hosts.

Zechariah 9:6 גְּא֥וֹן [the] pride of

A mixed race will occupy Ashdod, and I will cut off the pride of the Philistines.

Zechariah 10:11 גְּא֣וֹן [the] pride of

They will pass through the sea of distress and strike the waves of the sea; all the depths of the Nile will dry up. The pride of Assyria will be brought down, and the scepter of Egypt will depart.

Here: This is Assyria's lofty eminence: its imperial grandeur and the arrogance that goes with it. The same word describes God's own "majesty" in the Exodus song (Exodus 15:7), and a human claim to that height is what gets lowered.

Zechariah 11:3 גְּא֥וֹן [the] thicket[s] of

Listen to the wailing of the shepherds, for their glory is in ruins. Listen to the roaring of the young lions, for the thickets of the Jordan are destroyed.

Here: Basically 'what rises high, what is majestic'. In the fixed phrase 'the ge'on of the Jordan' it means the dense, tall jungle along the river: the Jordan's glory, not anyone's attitude.