דִּין

Genesis 6:3 יָד֨וֹן <it> will remain

So the LORD said, “My Spirit will not contend with man forever, for he is mortal; his days shall be 120 years.”

Here: This verb occurs only here in the Bible, and its meaning is disputed. The oldest translations understood it as 'remain/abide'. Medieval Jewish scholars and the KJV linked it to דִּין 'judge, contend' and read 'strive'.

Genesis 15:14 דָּ֣ן [will be] judging

But I will judge the nation they serve as slaves, and afterward they will depart with many possessions.

Here: A participle, 'judging', which in Hebrew can present a future act as already settled. It means acting as judge: calling the oppressor to account and carrying out the sentence, which also vindicates the oppressed.

Genesis 30:6 דָּנַ֣נִּי he has vindicated me

Then Rachel said, “God has vindicated me; He has heard my plea and given me a son.” So she named him Dan.

Genesis 49:16 יָדִ֣ין he will judge

Dan shall provide justice for his people as one of the tribes of Israel.

Deuteronomy 32:36 יָדִ֤ין he will judge

For the LORD will vindicate His people and have compassion on His servants when He sees that their strength is gone and no one remains, slave or free.

Here: 'He will give judgment for', i.e. decide the case in his people's favour and put things right for them. The verb is about upholding someone's claim more than about sentencing them.

1 Samuel 2:10 יָדִ֣ין he will judge

Those who oppose the LORD will be shattered. He will thunder from heaven against them. The LORD will judge the ends of the earth and will give power to His king. He will exalt the horn of His anointed.”

Here: To exercise a ruler's authority to decide disputes, defend the wronged and put down wrongdoers. The point is government that sets things right, not only handing out punishment.

2 Samuel 19:9 נָד֔וֹן quarrelling

And all the people throughout the tribes of Israel were arguing, “The king rescued us from the hand of our enemies and delivered us from the hand of the Philistines, but now he has fled the land because of Absalom.

Job 36:31 יָדִ֣ין he judges

For by these He judges the nations and provides food in abundance.

Here: God acts as judge and ruler over peoples. The Hebrew word covers giving a verdict, taking up someone's cause, and governing, so the storm both settles accounts and keeps order. The verb form describes something God does again and again.

Psalm 7:8 יָדִ֪ין let him judge

The LORD judges the peoples; vindicate me, O LORD, according to my righteousness and integrity.

Here: God settles the cases of the nations. The form looks like an ordinary statement ('judges' or 'will judge'), though some read it as a wish ('let the LORD judge') because commands surround it. Either way, it pictures the judge giving a verdict.

Psalm 9:8 יָדִ֥ין he will judge

He judges the world with justice; He governs the people with equity.

Here: A courtroom word that pairs with shaphat in the matching half-line. It often means taking up someone's case and winning it for them ("God has judged me," says Rachel when Dan is born, Gen 30:6). The same verb form allows a present or future reading.

Psalm 50:4 לָדִ֥ין to judge

He summons the heavens above, and the earth, that He may judge His people:

Here: The purpose of the summons: to hold court and decide a case. Elsewhere dîn often means to vindicate someone or take up their cause, but here (see vv. 7, 16–21) God is testifying against his own people.

Psalm 54:1 תְדִינֵֽנִי׃ you will vindicate me

For the choirmaster. With stringed instruments. A Maskil of David. When the Ziphites went to Saul and said, “Is David not hiding among us?” Save me, O God, by Your name, and vindicate me by Your might!

Here: A courtroom word: to give a ruling, and especially to take up someone's case and get them justice. The form can mean 'you will vindicate me' (confidence) or 'vindicate me!' (a request). In both readings David wants God to rule in his favour against people who have falsely made him a fugitive, not to put David himself on trial.

Psalm 72:2 יָדִ֣ין he will judge

May he judge Your people with righteousness and Your afflicted with justice.

Here: The king's ongoing work of ruling by settling disputes, above all by taking up the case of people who cannot defend themselves. The form can be read as 'he will judge' or, since it follows the prayer of verse 1, as a wish: 'may he judge' / 'so that he may judge.'

Psalm 96:10 יָדִ֥ין he will judge

Declare among the nations: “The LORD reigns!” The world is firmly established; it cannot be moved; He will judge the peoples with equity.

Here: To exercise the king's role of settling cases and setting things right. It includes ruling and vindicating, not only condemning. The verb faces forward, “he will judge,” looking toward his coming in v. 13.

Psalm 110:6 יָדִ֣ין he judges

He will judge the nations, heaping up the dead; He will crush the leaders far and wide.

Here: The judge here is a king, the one who both gives the verdict and carries it out. The verb form looks forward or describes ongoing action ('he will judge / he judges'). In this context the verdict is carried out on the battlefield, not argued over in a courtroom.

Psalm 135:14 יָדִ֣ין he vindicates

For the LORD will vindicate His people and will have compassion on His servants.

Here: Yahweh hears his people's case and settles it in their favour. He acts as the judge who also stands up for the side that has been wronged. The verb form covers both 'will' and 'does': this is what he can be counted on to do.

Proverbs 31:9 וְ֝דִ֗ין and plead [the] cause of

Open your mouth, judge righteously, and defend the cause of the poor and needy.

Here: The supplied text reads this as a command, 'and give judgment for', taking the poor as its object: decide their case and win them their rights. The same letters can also be read as the noun 'cause/case', which ties back to the word in verse 8 ('the cause of all the dispossessed').

Ecclesiastes 6:10 לָדִ֔ין to contend

Whatever exists was named long ago, and it is known what man is; but he cannot contend with one stronger than he.

Here: 'To take to court, to argue a legal case'. The picture is a lawsuit, a plaintiff bringing a complaint against a stronger party. It is not a brawl or a casual argument.

Isaiah 3:13 לָדִ֥ין to judge

The LORD arises to contend; He stands to judge the people.

Jeremiah 5:28 דָ֔נוּ they have pleaded

They have grown fat and sleek, and have excelled in the deeds of the wicked. They have not taken up the cause of the fatherless, that they might prosper; nor have they defended the rights of the needy.

Here: 'They pleaded' or 'they adjudicated.' Verb and noun come from the same root ('they did not case the case'), which stresses a legal duty left undone.

Jeremiah 21:12 דִּ֤ינוּ judge

O house of David, this is what the LORD says: ‘Administer justice every morning, and rescue the victim of robbery from the hand of his oppressor, or My wrath will go forth like fire and burn with no one to extinguish it because of their evil deeds.

Here: A plural command to the whole royal establishment: hear cases and decide them, above all the cases of people who cannot defend themselves.

Jeremiah 22:16 דָּ֛ן he defended

He took up the cause of the poor and needy, and so it went well with him. Is this not what it means to know Me?” declares the LORD.

Here: Josiah 'judged', meaning he took up and decided legal cases in favour of people who could not win them alone. In a royal setting the word means acting as advocate and judge together. The perfect form looks back on how Josiah habitually governed.

Jeremiah 30:13 דָּ֥ן [is one who] pleads

There is no one to plead your cause, no remedy for your sores, no recovery for you.

Here: A participle, "one who judges/pleads." It is the person who takes up a weak party's case in court and gets them justice. No such person exists for her.

Zechariah 3:7 תָּדִ֣ין you will govern

“This is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘If you walk in My ways and keep My instructions, then you will govern My house and will also have charge of My courts; and I will give you a place among these who are standing here.

Here: 'You will govern / administer.' This means exercising authority and giving rulings over the temple and its affairs, a role once tied to the king. It is not about condemning anyone.