זָקֵן

Genesis 18:12 זָקֵֽן׃ he is old

So she laughed to herself, saying, “After I am worn out and my master is old, will I now have this pleasure?”

Here: "Is old." A verb describing a state ("is aged"). Abraham is about a hundred (17:17). It is the second reason the promise seems impossible: her body and his age.

Genesis 18:13 זָקַֽנְתִּי׃ I am old

And the LORD asked Abraham, “Why did Sarah laugh and say, ‘Can I really bear a child when I am old?’

Genesis 19:31 זָקֵ֑ן he is old

One day the older daughter said to the younger, “Our father is old, and there is no man in the land to sleep with us, as is the custom over all the earth.

Genesis 24:1 זָקֵ֔ן he was old

By now Abraham was old and well along in years, and the LORD had blessed him in every way.

Here: Describes a state, with no verb: 'Abraham was old.' The same root comes back in the next verse, where the servant is 'the elder of his house' (zeqan beito). Old master and senior servant are tied together by the word.

Genesis 27:1 זָקֵ֣ן he was old

When Isaac was old and his eyes were so weak that he could no longer see, he called his older son Esau and said to him, “My son.” “Here I am,” Esau replied.

Genesis 27:2 זָקַ֑נְתִּי I am old

“Look,” said Isaac, “I am now old, and I do not know the day of my death.

Joshua 13:1 זָקֵ֔ן זָקַ֙נְתָּה֙ he was old, you are old

Now Joshua was old and well along in years, and the LORD said to him, “You are old and well along in years, but very much of the land remains to be possessed.

Here: "Was old." The verb describes a state: Joshua had reached old age. The same root gives the word for an "elder", so age here also carries standing, but the point is that his life is nearing its end.

Joshua 23:1 זָקֵ֔ן he was old

A long time after the LORD had given Israel rest from all the enemies around them, when Joshua was old and well along in years,

Here: "Old" in plain physical terms. The same Hebrew form can be read as a verb ("he had grown old") or an adjective ("old"). It is related to the word for "elders" in verse 2, but here it means age, not office.

Joshua 23:2 זָקַ֔נְתִּי I am old

he summoned all Israel, including its elders, leaders, judges, and officers. “I am old and well along in years,” he said,

Here: "I have grown old": a completed state. It echoes "elders" (zeqenav) earlier in the verse: the old leader speaks to the "old ones" who will carry on after him.

Ruth 1:12 זָקַ֖נְתִּי I am [too] old

Return home, my daughters. Go on, for I am too old to have another husband. Even if I thought there was hope for me to have a husband tonight and to bear sons,

Here: "I have grown old" / "I am old." The verb describes a state she has already reached. She is past the age of childbearing.

1 Samuel 2:22 זָקֵ֣ן he was old

Now Eli was very old, and he heard about everything his sons were doing to all Israel and how they were sleeping with the women who served at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.

1 Samuel 4:18 זָקֵ֥ן he was old

As soon as the ark of God was mentioned, Eli fell backward from his chair by the city gate, and being old and heavy, he broke his neck and died. And Eli had judged Israel forty years.

1 Samuel 8:1 זָקֵ֖ן he was old

When Samuel grew old, he appointed his sons as judges over Israel.

1 Samuel 8:5 זָקַ֔נְתָּ you have become old

“Look,” they said, “you are old, and your sons do not walk in your ways. Now appoint a king to judge us like all the other nations.”

1 Samuel 12:2 זָקַ֣נְתִּי I am old

Now here is the king walking before you, and I am old and gray, and my sons are here with you. I have walked before you from my youth until this day.

Here: It echoes the elders' complaint in 8:1, 5: "Look, you are old." Samuel admits it in their own words, so this is not self-pity.

1 Samuel 17:12 זָקֵ֖ן he was old

Now David was the son of a man named Jesse, an Ephrathite from Bethlehem of Judah who had eight sons. And in the days of Saul, Jesse was old and well along in years.

Here: 'Was old.' Here this is plain age, not the office of 'elder' (the same root can mean either). It explains why Jesse stays home and sends his sons to the army.

2 Samuel 19:32 זָקֵ֣ן he was old

Barzillai was quite old, eighty years of age, and since he was a very wealthy man, he had provided for the king while he stayed in Mahanaim.

1 Kings 1:1 זָקֵ֔ן he was old

Now King David was old and well along in years, and though they covered him with blankets, he could not keep warm.

1 Kings 1:15 זָקֵ֣ן he was old

So Bathsheba went to see the king in his bedroom. Since the king was very old, Abishag the Shunammite was serving him.

2 Kings 4:14 זָקֵֽן׃ he is old

So he asked, “Then what should be done for her?” “Well, she has no son,” Gehazi replied, “and her husband is old.”

1 Chronicles 23:1 זָקֵ֖ן he was old

When David was old and full of years, he installed his son Solomon as king over Israel.

Here: A 'state' verb: David had become old and now is old. The same spelling can be read as the adjective 'old'; the meaning is the same either way. It describes his stage of life, not illness or weakness.

2 Chronicles 24:15 וַיִּזְקַ֧ן and he became old

When Jehoiada was old and full of years, he died at the age of 130.

Job 14:8 יַזְקִ֣ין it will grow old

If its roots grow old in the ground and its stump dies in the soil,

Psalm 37:25 זָ֫קַ֥נְתִּי I am old

I once was young and now am old, yet never have I seen the righteous abandoned or their children begging for bread.

Here: 'I have grown old.' The same root gives zaqen, 'elder', so the word also hints at the standing of a recognised elder whose experience gives him the right to teach.

Proverbs 22:6 יַ֝זְקִ֗ין he will be old

Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it.

Here: 'He grows old.' The word is related to zāqān, 'beard', and means real old age. It does not just mean reaching adulthood. The point is that what is set at the start lasts a whole lifetime.

Proverbs 23:22 זָקְנָ֥ה she is old

Listen to your father who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old.

Here: 'She has become old.' The verb describes an accomplished state: aging has happened. The idea is weakness, dependence, perhaps widowhood, more than a number of years.