Hebrew word · H2280
חָבַשׁ
chavosh
to saddle|tie
To bind or tie: to saddle an animal (Gen 22:3), to wrap on a turban (Exod 29:9), and especially to bandage a wound (Isa 1:6; 30:26; Ezek 30:21; 34:4, 16; Job 5:18; Ps 147:3).
Appears 33 times in 30 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) to tie, bind, bind on, bind up, saddle, restrain, bandage, govern
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to bind, bind on
1a2) to bind up
1b) (Piel) to bind, restrain
1c) (Pual) to be bound up
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
To bind or tie: to saddle an animal (Gen 22:3), to wrap on a turban (Exod 29:9), and especially to bandage a wound (Isa 1:6; 30:26; Ezek 30:21; 34:4, 16; Job 5:18; Ps 147:3).
- Against the English
'Bind up' (most versions) keeps the image. NLT's 'comfort' turns a concrete medical action into a feeling.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Ps 147:3 is the closest parallel: 'He heals the broken of heart and binds up (meḥabbesh) their wounds.' Ezekiel 34 uses it of a good shepherd-king caring for the injured flock. The Septuagint here has iasasthai, 'to heal'.
- Range of meaning
To tie, bind or wrap around. It is used of saddling a donkey (Gen 22:3; Num 22:21), tying on a turban or headwear (Exod 29:9; Ezek 16:10), and binding up waters (Job 28:11). Of injuries it means wrapping and bandaging: Isa 1:6 complains of wounds "not pressed out, not bound up, not softened with oil"; Ezek 30:21 speaks of a broken arm "not bound up" with a splint so it could hold a sword.
- Against the English
"Binds up" (KJV, BSB, WEB) keeps the concrete action. NLT's "bandages" makes the medical picture vivid. Both are accurate. Nothing important is lost, though the link to binding a fracture (Ezek 30:21; 34:4, 16) is worth knowing.
- Used elsewhere in the period
It is regularly paired with rāphāʾ: Job 5:18 ("he wounds, and he binds up; he strikes, and his hands heal"), Hos 6:1 ("he has torn, and he will heal us; he has struck, and he will bind us up"), Isa 30:26. Ezek 34:4 and 34:16 make binding up the broken the mark of a true shepherd. Isa 61:1 makes it the mission of the anointed messenger.
- Range of meaning
To bind or tie on; to saddle a donkey; to wrap a turban; in medical contexts, to bandage or bind up a wound or fracture.
- Against the English
KJV 'bind us up' keeps the Hebrew's 'us' as the object. BSB/WEB 'bind up our wounds' and NASB 'bandage us' state the medical sense. All are accurate.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Isaiah 1:6, wounds 'not pressed out or bound up or softened with oil'. Isaiah 61:1, 'to bind up the brokenhearted'. Ezekiel 34:4, 16: bad shepherds do not 'bind up the injured', but God will. Ezekiel 30:21, Pharaoh's broken arm 'not bound up'. Job 5:18, 'he wounds, but he binds up; he strikes, but his hands heal', very close to this verse in pairing and order.
Where it appears
Genesis · 1
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Genesis 22:3 וַֽיַּחֲבֹשׁ֙ and he saddled
So Abraham got up early the next morning, saddled his donkey, and took along two of his servants and his son Isaac. He split the wood for a burnt offering and set out for the place God had designated.
Exodus · 1
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Exodus 29:9 וְחָבַשְׁתָּ֤ and you will bind on
Wrap the sashes around Aaron and his sons and tie headbands on them. The priesthood shall be theirs by a permanent statute. In this way you are to ordain Aaron and his sons.
Here: A verb for tying or wrapping something on firmly. It is used for saddling a donkey and for binding up wounds. Here it means fastening the headgear on.
Leviticus · 1
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Leviticus 8:13 וַיַּחֲבֹ֥שׁ and he bound on
Then Moses presented Aaron’s sons, put tunics on them, wrapped sashes around them, and tied headbands on them, just as the LORD had commanded him.
Numbers · 1
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Numbers 22:21 וַֽיַּחֲבֹ֖שׁ and he saddled
So in the morning Balaam got up, saddled his donkey, and went with the princes of Moab.
Judges · 1
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Judges 19:10 חֲבוּשִׁ֔ים saddled
But the man was unwilling to spend the night. He got up and departed, and arrived opposite Jebus (that is, Jerusalem), with his two saddled donkeys and his concubine.
2 Samuel · 3
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2 Samuel 16:1 חֲבֻשִׁ֗ים [were] saddled
When David had gone a little beyond the summit, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth was there to meet him. He had a pair of saddled donkeys loaded with two hundred loaves of bread, a hundred clusters of raisins, a hundred summer fruits, and a skin of wine.
Here: "Saddled," literally 'bound up', with the gear strapped on. The animals are ready for use at once (compare Abraham saddling his donkey, Gen 22:3).
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2 Samuel 17:23 וַיַּחֲבֹ֣שׁ and he saddled
When Ahithophel saw that his advice had not been followed, he saddled his donkey and set out for his house in his hometown. He put his affairs in order and hanged himself. So he died and was buried in his father’s tomb.
Here: Literally 'bound on' a saddle or pack. It is the stock opening of a deliberate journey (compare Abraham in Gen 22:3). It suggests a calm, planned departure rather than panic.
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2 Samuel 19:26 אֶחְבְּשָׁה־ let me saddle
“My lord the king,” he replied, “because I am lame, I said, ‘I will have my donkey saddled so that I may ride on it and go with the king.’ But my servant Ziba deceived me,
1 Kings · 6
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1 Kings 2:40 וַֽיַּחֲבֹשׁ֙ and he saddled
So Shimei saddled his donkey and set out to Achish at Gath in search of his slaves, and he brought them back from Gath.
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1 Kings 13:13 חִבְשׁוּ־ וַיַּחְבְּשׁוּ־ saddle, and they saddled
So the prophet said to his sons, “Saddle the donkey for me.” Then they saddled the donkey for him, and he mounted it
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1 Kings 13:23 וַיַּחֲבָשׁ־ and he saddled
And after the man of God had finished eating and drinking, the old prophet who had brought him back saddled the donkey for him.
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1 Kings 13:27 חִבְשׁוּ־ וַֽיַּחֲבֹֽשׁוּ׃ saddle, and they saddled [it]
Then the old prophet instructed his sons, “Saddle the donkey for me.” So they saddled it,
2 Kings · 1
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2 Kings 4:24 וַֽתַּחֲבֹשׁ֙ and she saddled
Then she saddled the donkey and told her servant, “Drive onward; do not slow the pace for me unless I tell you.”
Job · 4
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Job 5:18 וְיֶחְבָּ֑שׁ and he may bind up
For He wounds, but He also binds; He strikes, but His hands also heal.
Here: The verb for wrapping a cloth around something. Here it means bandaging an injury, a medical word. The tense states a general truth: this is what he does.
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Job 28:11 חִבֵּ֑שׁ he restrains
He stops up the sources of the streams to bring what is hidden to light.
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Job 34:17 יַחֲב֑וֹשׁ will he govern
Could one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn the just and mighty One,
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Job 40:13 חֲבֹ֣שׁ bind up
Bury them together in the dust; imprison them in the grave.
Psalms · 1
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Psalm 147:3 וּ֝מְחַבֵּ֗שׁ and [he is] binding up
He heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds.
Here: "And binding up". The basic verb means to tie or wrap: to saddle a donkey or wind a turban. Used of injuries it means to bandage or splint, the way a fracture was wrapped. It is again a participle, so this is something God keeps doing.
Isaiah · 4
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Isaiah 1:6 חֻבָּ֔שׁוּ they have been bound up
From the sole of your foot to the top of your head, there is no soundness—only wounds and welts and festering sores neither cleansed nor bandaged nor soothed with oil.
Here: 'They have not been bound up,' meaning bandaged. Elsewhere this is God's own healing work: 'he has struck, and he will bind us up' (Hosea 6:1), and 'the day the LORD binds up the brokenness of his people' (Isaiah 30:26; compare 61:1).
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Isaiah 3:7 חֹבֵ֔שׁ a wrapper
On that day he will cry aloud: “I am not a healer. I have no food or clothing in my house. Do not make me leader of the people!”
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Isaiah 30:26 חֲבֹ֤שׁ binds up
The light of the moon will be as bright as the sun, and the light of the sun will be seven times brighter—like the light of seven days—on the day that the LORD binds up the brokenness of His people and heals the wounds He has inflicted.
Here: To wrap or tie tight: bandaging a wound or splinting a broken limb. The same verb is used for saddling a donkey and wrapping a turban. Here it pictures God as the one who dresses the wound.
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Isaiah 61:1 לַחֲבֹ֣שׁ to bind up
The Spirit of the Lord GOD is on Me, because the LORD has anointed Me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent Me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives and freedom to the prisoners,
Here: To bandage a wound, as in Isa 1:6, 30:26 and Ezek 34:16 (a shepherd binding up the injured sheep). It is a hands-on picture of a healer wrapping a wound.
Ezekiel · 7
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Ezekiel 16:10 וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁ֣ךְ and I wrapped head your
I clothed you in embroidered cloth and gave you sandals of fine leather. I wrapped you in fine linen and covered you with silk.
Here: "And I bound/wrapped you": the verb for tying something on. It is used for binding priestly headbands (Exodus 29:9; Leviticus 8:13) and for binding on a turban (Ezekiel 24:17), so it most likely means a linen head-wrap here. A sash is the other possibility.
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Ezekiel 24:17 חֲב֣וֹשׁ bind
Groan quietly; do not mourn for the dead. Put on your turban and strap your sandals on your feet; do not cover your lips or eat the bread of mourners.”
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Ezekiel 27:24 חֲבֻשִׁ֛ים bound
In your marketplace they traded with you fine garments of blue, embroidered work, and multicolored rugs with cords tightly twisted and knotted.
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Ezekiel 30:21 חֻ֠בְּשָׁה לְחָבְשָׁ֥הּ it has been bound up, to bind up it
“Son of man, I have broken the arm of Pharaoh king of Egypt. See, it has not been bound up for healing, or splinted for strength to hold the sword.
Here: A passive form describing a completed state: “it has not been bound up.” This is the ordinary word for dressing a wound. The broken arm has been left untreated.
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Ezekiel 34:4 חֲבַשְׁתֶּ֔ם you have bound up
You have not strengthened the weak, healed the sick, bound up the injured, brought back the strays, or searched for the lost. Instead, you have ruled them with violence and cruelty.
Here: 'You have bound up.' The root means 'to tie' (it is also used for saddling a donkey). Here it is the medical act of splinting or bandaging a break. Compare Isa 61:1, 'to bind up the brokenhearted.'
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Ezekiel 34:16 אֶחֱבֹ֔שׁ I will bind up
I will seek the lost, bring back the strays, bind up the broken, and strengthen the weak; but the sleek and strong I will destroy. I will shepherd them with justice.’
Here: 'I will bind up'. The basic meaning is to tie or wrap (it is also used for saddling a donkey). Here it means binding a wound or splinting a fracture, as in Isaiah 61:1 and Hosea 6:1.
Hosea · 1
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Hosea 6:1 וְיַחְבְּשֵֽׁנוּ׃ and he will bind up us
Come, let us return to the LORD. For He has torn us to pieces, but He will heal us; He has wounded us, but He will bind up our wounds.
Here: 'And he will bind us up.' This is the word for wrapping a wound or setting a fracture with a bandage, a picture from ordinary first aid. It answers 5:13, where Judah's 'wound' (māzôr) found no cure in Assyria.
Jonah · 1
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Jonah 2:5 חָב֥וּשׁ [is] wrapped round
The waters engulfed me to take my life; the watery depths closed around me; the seaweed wrapped around my head.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.