חָרַד

Genesis 27:33 וַיֶּחֱרַ֨ד and he trembled

Isaac began to tremble violently and said, “Who was it, then, who hunted the game and brought it to me? Before you came in, I ate it all and blessed him—and indeed, he will be blessed!”

Genesis 42:28 וַיֶּֽחֶרְד֞וּ and they trembled

“My silver has been returned!” he said to his brothers. “It is here in my sack.” Their hearts sank, and trembling, they turned to one another and said, “What is this that God has done to us?”

Exodus 19:16 וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד and it trembled

On the third day, when morning came, there was thunder and lightning. A thick cloud was upon the mountain, and a very loud blast of the ram’s horn went out, so that all the people in the camp trembled.

Here: To shake or shudder with fear. It describes a physical, bodily reaction. The same verb is used of the mountain itself in 19:18: 'the whole mountain trembled'.

Exodus 19:18 וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד and it trembled

Mount Sinai was completely enveloped in smoke, because the LORD had descended on it in fire. And the smoke rose like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked violently.

Here: "And it trembled." This is the same verb used for the people in verse 16 ("all the people in the camp trembled"). The mountain now shakes the way the people did. It also echoes the sound of yarad ("came down"): God comes down (yarad) and the mountain trembles (yeḥerad).

Leviticus 26:6 מַחֲרִ֑יד [will be one who] terrifies

And I will give peace to the land, and you will lie down with nothing to fear. I will rid the land of dangerous animals, and no sword will pass through your land.

Here: A participle of the verb meaning "to tremble", in its causative form: "a terrifier", someone who jolts you awake shaking. It points to a real outside threat, such as night raiders, rustlers, or an enemy war-band, more than to anxiety.

Deuteronomy 28:26 מַחֲרִֽיד׃ [will be one who] disturbs [them]

Your corpses will be food for all the birds of the air and beasts of the earth, with no one to scare them away.

Judges 8:12 הֶחֱרִֽיד׃ he routed

When Zebah and Zalmunna fled, Gideon pursued and captured these two kings of Midian, routing their entire army.

Ruth 3:8 וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד and he trembled

At midnight, Boaz was startled, turned over, and there lying at his feet was a woman!

1 Samuel 13:7 חָרְד֥וּ they trembled

Some Hebrews even crossed the Jordan into the land of Gad and Gilead. Saul, however, remained at Gilgal, and all his troops were quaking in fear.

1 Samuel 14:15 חָרְד֖וּ they trembled

Then panic struck the Philistines in the camp, in the field, and among all the people. Even those in the outposts and raiding parties trembled. Indeed, the earth quaked, and panic spread from God.

1 Samuel 16:4 וַיֶּחֶרְד֞וּ and they trembled

So Samuel did what the LORD had said and went to Bethlehem. When the elders of the town met him, they trembled and asked, “Do you come in peace?”

1 Samuel 21:1 וַיֶּחֱרַ֨ד and he trembled

Then David came to Nob, to Ahimelech the priest. And when Ahimelech met David, he trembled and asked him, “Why are you alone? Why is no one with you?”

1 Samuel 28:5 וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד and it trembled

When Saul saw the Philistine army, he was afraid and trembled violently.

2 Samuel 17:2 וְהַֽחֲרַדְתִּ֣י and I will terrify

I will attack him while he is weak and weary; I will throw him into a panic, and all the people with him will flee; I will strike down only the king

1 Kings 1:49 וַיֶּֽחֶרְדוּ֙ and they trembled

At this, all the guests of Adonijah arose in terror and scattered.

2 Kings 4:13 חָרַ֣דְתְּ׀ you have taken care

and Elisha said to Gehazi, “Now tell her, ‘Look, you have gone to all this trouble for us. What can we do for you? Can we speak on your behalf to the king or the commander of the army?’” “I have a home among my own people,” she replied.

Here: The verb usually means to tremble or shake with alarm. Here it means anxious, eager care: she has fussed and worried over the prophet's needs. The feminine 'you' form keeps her in view as the one who acted.

Job 11:19 מַחֲרִ֑יד [will be one who] disturbs

You will lie down without fear, and many will court your favor.

Job 37:1 יֶחֱרַ֣ד it trembles

“At this my heart also pounds and leaps from its place.

Isaiah 10:29 חָֽרְדָה֙ it has trembled

They have crossed at the ford: “We will spend the night at Geba.” Ramah trembles; Gibeah of Saul flees.

Isaiah 17:2 מַחֲרִֽיד׃ [will be one who] terrifies

The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they will be left to the flocks, which will lie down with no one to fear.

Here: "One who makes [them] tremble," someone who startles or drives off. No farmer, soldier or townsman remains to scatter the animals. It completes a stock phrase that elsewhere in the Bible usually describes security, but here it describes depopulation.

Isaiah 19:16 וְחָרַ֣ד׀ and it will tremble

In that day the Egyptians will be like women. They will tremble with fear beneath the uplifted hand of the LORD of Hosts, when He brandishes it against them.

Here: Physical shaking from terror, the body's reaction to danger. The verb form carries on the future time of the sentence.

Isaiah 32:11 חִרְדוּ֙ tremble

Shudder, you ladies of leisure; tremble, you daughters of complacency. Strip yourselves bare and put sackcloth around your waists.

Here: A command to shake with alarm, the bodily shudder of sudden fear. It turns around their calm: people who never shook are told to shake. The form is masculine plural, which Hebrew often uses for any group, even an all-female one.

Isaiah 41:5 יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ they tremble

The islands see and fear; the ends of the earth tremble. They approach and come forward.

Here: "They tremble." Bodily shaking from terror or shock, a stronger and more physical word than "fear." It stands at the verse's midpoint and closes the picture of panic.

Jeremiah 7:33 מַחֲרִֽיד׃ [will be one who] terrifies

The corpses of this people will become food for the birds of the air and the beasts of the earth, and there will be no one to scare them away.

Here: A causative form: 'one who makes [them] tremble', meaning someone who shoos off the scavengers by shouting, waving or throwing stones. No one will be left alive, or no one will dare or care, to guard the dead.

Jeremiah 30:10 מַחֲרִֽיד׃ [will be one who] terrifies

As for you, O Jacob My servant, do not be afraid, declares the LORD, and do not be dismayed, O Israel. For I will surely save you out of a distant place, your descendants from the land of their captivity! Jacob will return to quiet and ease, with no one to make him afraid.

Here: "Terrifier", anyone who makes people shake with fear. This is a stock covenant-blessing phrase (Lev 26:6), and it reverses the "sound of trembling" (charadah) of v. 5.

Jeremiah 46:27 מַחֲרִֽיד׃ ס [will be one who] terrifies

But you, O Jacob My servant, do not be afraid, and do not be dismayed, O Israel. For I will surely save you out of a distant place, your descendants from the land of their captivity! Jacob will return to quiet and ease, with no one to make him afraid.

Here: 'One who terrifies', a stock phrase from the covenant blessings (Leviticus 26:6). The verse ends with the opposite of the fear it began with.

Ezekiel 26:16 וְחָֽרְדוּ֙ and they will tremble

All the princes of the sea will descend from their thrones, remove their robes, and strip off their embroidered garments. Clothed with terror, they will sit on the ground, trembling every moment, appalled over you.

Here: 'And they will tremble.' The verb comes from the same root as 'tremblings' just before. The repetition hammers home their fear.

Ezekiel 26:18 יֶחְרְד֣וּ they will tremble

Now the coastlands tremble on the day of your downfall; the islands in the sea are dismayed by your demise.”’

Here: A physical shaking from fear. It picks up v. 16, where the sea-princes 'tremble every moment'. The form can be read as present ('they tremble') or future ('they will tremble'), and inside the lament the present is more natural.

Ezekiel 30:9 לְהַחֲרִ֖יד to make tremble

On that day messengers will go out from Me in ships to frighten Cush out of complacency. Anguish will come upon them on the day of Egypt’s doom. For it is indeed coming.

Ezekiel 32:10 וְחָרְד֤וּ and they will tremble

I will cause many peoples to be appalled over you, and their kings will shudder in horror because of you when I brandish My sword before them. On the day of your downfall each of them will tremble every moment for his life.’

Ezekiel 34:28 מַחֲרִֽיד׃ [will be one who] terrifies

They will no longer be prey for the nations, and the beasts of the earth will not consume them. They will dwell securely, and no one will frighten them.

Here: A participle (a verb used like a noun) meaning 'someone who makes others tremble'. The picture is a flock startled into scattering. Together with the word before it, it is a fixed covenant phrase ('and none shall make them afraid').

Ezekiel 39:26 מַחֲרִֽיד׃ [will be one who] disturbs [them]

They will forget their disgrace and all the treachery they committed against Me, when they dwell securely in their land, with no one to frighten them.

Here: 'One who makes them tremble.' This is a startler or terrorizer, someone who makes people jump in fear. The phrase is a set expression that comes from the covenant blessing in Leviticus 26:6.

Hosea 11:10 וְיֶחֶרְד֥וּ and they may tremble

They will walk after the LORD; He will roar like a lion. When He roars, His children will come trembling from the west.

Here: 'And they will come trembling.' Followed by 'from', the verb is about motion: a quivering, hurried coming, like startled birds (v. 11). It is the shaken haste of people who have been summoned, in awe, and not cringing terror of punishment.

Hosea 11:11 יֶחֶרְד֤וּ they will tremble

They will come trembling like birds from Egypt and like doves from the land of Assyria. Then I will settle them in their homes, declares the LORD.

Amos 3:6 יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ they tremble

If a ram’s horn sounds in a city, do the people not tremble? If calamity comes to a city, has not the LORD caused it?

Here: A bodily shaking with fear, the jolt of panic at an alarm. The same verb is used for the people shaking at the horn blast at Sinai (Exod 19:16).

Micah 4:4 מַחֲרִ֑יד [will be one who] terrifies

And each man will sit under his own vine and under his own fig tree, with no one to frighten him. For the mouth of the LORD of Hosts has spoken.

Here: "One who makes [someone] tremble": a person, not a feeling. It is the raider, soldier, tax-collector or land-grabber whose arrival makes you jump up and run. The promise is that no such person will exist.

Nahum 2:11 מַחֲרִֽיד׃ [was one who] disturbed [them]

Where is the lions’ lair or the feeding ground of the young lions, where the lion and lioness prowled with their cubs, with nothing to frighten them away?

Zephaniah 3:13 מַחֲרִֽיד׃ ס [will be one who] disturbs [them]

The remnant of Israel will no longer do wrong or speak lies, nor will a deceitful tongue be found in their mouths. But they will feed and lie down, with no one to make them tremble.”

Here: 'One who causes trembling' — any predator, raider or oppressor who terrifies the flock. The phrase 'with none to make them afraid' is a fixed covenant promise (Leviticus 26:6; Micah 4:4).

Zechariah 1:21 לְהַחֲרִ֣יד to terrify

“What are these coming to do?” I asked. And He replied, “These are the horns that scattered Judah so that no one could raise his head; but the craftsmen have come to terrify them and throw down these horns of the nations that have lifted up their horns against the land of Judah to scatter it.”