Hebrew word · H4448

מָלַל

milel

to speak

To speak, utter, declare. It is rare in Hebrew (Gen 21:7; Ps 106:2; Job 8:2; 33:3) and common in Aramaic.

Appears 5 times in 5 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) to speak, utter, say

1a) (Qal) to speak

1b) (Piel) to say, utter

Aramaic equivalent: me.lal (מְלַל "to speak" H4449)

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Job 33:3

Range of meaning

To speak, utter, declare. It is rare in Hebrew (Gen 21:7; Ps 106:2; Job 8:2; 33:3) and common in Aramaic.

Against the English

'Speak', 'utter' and 'say' are all fine. The rare word adds a poetic, slightly foreign tone that English cannot easily show.

Used elsewhere in the period

Commentators have long noted that Elihu's speeches (Job 32–37) contain more Aramaic-like words than the rest of Job. Some take this as the poet giving Elihu his own voice, others as a sign the speeches were composed separately.

From the study of Psalm 106:2

Range of meaning

To speak, say, utter, put into words. In Biblical Hebrew it is rare and poetic: Gen 21:7 ("Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children?"), Job 8:2, Job 33:3, and here. In Aramaic it is the ordinary verb for "speak" (e.g. Dan 7:8, 7:11, 7:20, 7:25, the horn "speaking" great things).

Against the English

"Describe" (BSB), "utter" (KJV, WEB, ESV), "proclaim" (NIV), "speak of" (NASB). All are fair. "Utter" keeps the nuance of getting something out in words; "describe" slightly suggests a full account, which fits the point of the question.

Used elsewhere in the period

Its closest use is Gen 21:7, which has the same "mi + millel" pattern: "who would have said…?", a question about something beyond what anyone could have put into words. Its Aramaic flavour fits a psalm many scholars place in or after the exile, when Aramaic was gaining ground among Jews (HALOT, BDB s.v. מלל).

Where it appears

Genesis · 1
  1. Genesis 21:7 מִלֵּל֙ has he said

    She added, “Who would have told Abraham that Sarah would nurse children? Yet I have borne him a son in his old age.”

Job · 2
  1. Job 8:2 תְּמַלֶּל־ will you say

    “How long will you go on saying such things? The words of your mouth are a blustering wind.

  2. Job 33:3 מִלֵּֽלוּ׃ they speak

    My words are from an upright heart, and my lips speak sincerely what I know.

    Here: 'They have spoken / they speak'. This is a poetic verb, much more common in Aramaic, and it suits Elihu's style. The Hebrew past-tense form is used here for something Elihu declares he is doing as he speaks, so English uses present or future.

Psalms · 1
  1. Psalm 106:2 יְ֭מַלֵּל will he tell

    Who can describe the mighty acts of the LORD or fully proclaim His praise?

    Here: A rare, poetic verb for speaking (common in Aramaic, rare in Hebrew). The future-type verb form here carries the sense "can / could": who is able to put these deeds into words?

Proverbs · 1
  1. Proverbs 6:13 מֹלֵ֣ל [he is] scraping

    winking his eyes, speaking with his feet, and pointing with his fingers.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.