Hebrew word · H4448
מָלַל
milel
to speak
To speak, utter, declare. It is rare in Hebrew (Gen 21:7; Ps 106:2; Job 8:2; 33:3) and common in Aramaic.
Appears 5 times in 5 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) to speak, utter, say
1a) (Qal) to speak
1b) (Piel) to say, utter
Aramaic equivalent: me.lal (מְלַל "to speak" H4449)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
To speak, utter, declare. It is rare in Hebrew (Gen 21:7; Ps 106:2; Job 8:2; 33:3) and common in Aramaic.
- Against the English
'Speak', 'utter' and 'say' are all fine. The rare word adds a poetic, slightly foreign tone that English cannot easily show.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Commentators have long noted that Elihu's speeches (Job 32–37) contain more Aramaic-like words than the rest of Job. Some take this as the poet giving Elihu his own voice, others as a sign the speeches were composed separately.
- Range of meaning
To speak, say, utter, put into words. In Biblical Hebrew it is rare and poetic: Gen 21:7 ("Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children?"), Job 8:2, Job 33:3, and here. In Aramaic it is the ordinary verb for "speak" (e.g. Dan 7:8, 7:11, 7:20, 7:25, the horn "speaking" great things).
- Against the English
"Describe" (BSB), "utter" (KJV, WEB, ESV), "proclaim" (NIV), "speak of" (NASB). All are fair. "Utter" keeps the nuance of getting something out in words; "describe" slightly suggests a full account, which fits the point of the question.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Its closest use is Gen 21:7, which has the same "mi + millel" pattern: "who would have said…?", a question about something beyond what anyone could have put into words. Its Aramaic flavour fits a psalm many scholars place in or after the exile, when Aramaic was gaining ground among Jews (HALOT, BDB s.v. מלל).
Where it appears
Genesis · 1
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Genesis 21:7 מִלֵּל֙ has he said
She added, “Who would have told Abraham that Sarah would nurse children? Yet I have borne him a son in his old age.”
Job · 2
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Job 8:2 תְּמַלֶּל־ will you say
“How long will you go on saying such things? The words of your mouth are a blustering wind.
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Job 33:3 מִלֵּֽלוּ׃ they speak
My words are from an upright heart, and my lips speak sincerely what I know.
Here: 'They have spoken / they speak'. This is a poetic verb, much more common in Aramaic, and it suits Elihu's style. The Hebrew past-tense form is used here for something Elihu declares he is doing as he speaks, so English uses present or future.
Psalms · 1
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Psalm 106:2 יְ֭מַלֵּל will he tell
Who can describe the mighty acts of the LORD or fully proclaim His praise?
Here: A rare, poetic verb for speaking (common in Aramaic, rare in Hebrew). The future-type verb form here carries the sense "can / could": who is able to put these deeds into words?
Proverbs · 1
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Proverbs 6:13 מֹלֵ֣ל [he is] scraping
winking his eyes, speaking with his feet, and pointing with his fingers.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.