Hebrew word · H4578
מֵעֶה
me'ai
belly
Internal organs, intestines, belly (2 Sam 20:10; Jonah 1:17 [2:1 Heb]); the reproductive body, the place offspring come from (Gen 15:4; 25:23; 2 Sam 7:12; Isa 48:19); and, by extension, the seat of deep feeling, where pity or anguish is felt (Isa 16:11; 63:15; Jer 4:19; Song 5:4).
Appears 32 times in 30 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) internal organs, inward parts, bowels, intestines, belly
1a) inward parts
1b) digestive organs
1c) organs of procreation, womb
1d) place of emotions or distress or love (fig.)
1e) external belly
Aramaic equivalent: me.ah (מְעָא "belly" H4577)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
Internal organs, intestines, belly (2 Sam 20:10; Jonah 1:17 [2:1 Heb]); the reproductive body, the place offspring come from (Gen 15:4; 25:23; 2 Sam 7:12; Isa 48:19); and, by extension, the seat of deep feeling, where pity or anguish is felt (Isa 16:11; 63:15; Jer 4:19; Song 5:4).
- Against the English
KJV, ESV, NASB, WEB and BSB render 'womb', which is right in context. YLT's 'bowels' follows the older literal English, where 'bowels' still meant the insides in general and could stand for compassion. Today it suggests only the digestive tract.
- How it drifted
Early modern English used 'bowels' for any inner organs, including the womb (KJV Gen 25:23, 'two manner of people shall be separated from thy bowels'), and for the affections. That wider use has died out.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Gen 25:23 (Rebekah's twins are in her me'im); Gen 15:4 and 2 Sam 7:12 (an heir who comes 'from your me'im', said of men too, meaning bodily descent). The LXX here uses koilia, 'belly, womb'.
From the study of Jeremiah 31:20
- Range of meaning
Inner organs: intestines, bowels, belly, and also womb (Gen 25:23; Isa 49:1; Ruth 1:11). It is the seat of strong feeling: distress, pity, longing.
- Against the English
KJV 'bowels' was the standard 1611 word for deep feeling (compare 'bowels of mercies', Col 3:12 KJV), but today it suggests digestion. 'Heart' (BSB, WEB, NIV, ESV) gives the emotional meaning correctly but loses the physical sense and the possible echo of the womb.
- How it drifted
In English, 'bowels' lost its emotional meaning after the 17th century. 'Heart' became the default word for emotion, although in Hebrew the heart (lev) is mainly the seat of thought and will.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Song 5:4: 'my innards stirred for him'. Isa 63:15: 'the turmoil of your innards and your compassions'. Jer 4:19. The New Testament Greek splanchna ('innards') carries the same idea, and its verb splanchnizomai is used of the father who sees his returning son in Luke 15:20.
From the study of Genesis 15:4
- Range of meaning
The internal organs in general: intestines, belly, abdomen; in women, the womb; figuratively, the seat of deep emotion (Isa 16:11; Song 5:4, 'my inmost being yearned'). For a man, 'from your me'im' means 'from your own body', i.e. your biological offspring.
- Against the English
KJV's 'bowels' was the normal 1611 word for the inner parts as the seat of procreation and feeling. Modern readers hear only the digestive tract, which sounds odd or crude. 'Your own body' (BSB, WEB, NASB) keeps the sense; NIV's 'flesh and blood' gives it in modern idiom.
- How it drifted
English 'bowels' narrowed from 'innards, inmost self' to 'intestines' between the 17th and 20th centuries, so the KJV wording now misleads.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The same expression is used of a man's son in 2 Sam 7:12 ('your offspring who will come from your body', yetse mimme'eykha, the promise to David) and 2 Sam 16:11 ('my son who came from my body'); of a woman in Gen 25:23 and Ruth 1:11; of descendants in Isa 48:19.
Where it appears
Genesis · 2
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Genesis 15:4 מִמֵּעֶ֔יךָ from inward parts your
Then the word of the LORD came to Abram, saying, “This one will not be your heir, but one who comes from your own body will be your heir.”
Here: 'From your inward parts', meaning from your own body. The heir will be Abram's biological descendant. The mother is not yet named, which leaves room for the Hagar episode of ch. 16.
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Genesis 25:23 מִמֵּעַ֖יִךְ from inward parts your
and He declared to her: “Two nations are in your womb, and two peoples from within you will be separated; one people will be stronger than the other, and the older will serve the younger.”
Here: 'From your inner parts': the internal organs or body as the place children come from (compare Gen 15:4, 'one who comes from your own body'). It stresses that both rival peoples come from the same mother.
Numbers · 1
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Numbers 5:22 בְּֽמֵעַ֔יִךְ in inward parts your
May this water that brings a curse enter your stomach and cause your belly to swell and your thigh to shrivel.’ Then the woman is to say, ‘Amen, Amen.’
Here: "Into your inner parts." The word covers all the internal organs, and elsewhere it often means the place where children are formed (Gen 25:23; Ruth 1:11; Isa 49:1). So the water's path leads toward the woman's capacity to bear children, not just her digestion.
Ruth · 1
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Ruth 1:11 בְּֽמֵעַ֔י in inward parts my
But Naomi replied, “Return home, my daughters. Why would you go with me? Are there still sons in my womb to become your husbands?
Here: Literally 'in my insides'. The word covers the internal organs and the belly, and here clearly means the womb as the place where children are formed.
2 Samuel · 3
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2 Samuel 7:12 מִמֵּעֶ֑יךָ from inward parts your
And when your days are fulfilled and you rest with your fathers, I will raise up your descendant after you, who will come from your own body, and I will establish his kingdom.
Here: 'From your inner parts.' This is the seat of procreation: a true son by blood, not an adopted heir or a general who seizes the throne. It is the same phrase God used to Abraham in Genesis 15:4.
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2 Samuel 16:11 מִמֵּעַ֖י from inward parts my
Then David said to Abishai and to all his servants, “Behold, my own son, my own flesh and blood, seeks my life. How much more, then, this Benjamite! Leave him alone and let him curse me, for the LORD has told him so.
Here: 'Inner parts, belly, innards.' For a father it means the body he fathered children from, as in 'your own flesh and blood.' The same wording appears in God's promise to David about the son 'who will come out of your inner parts' (2 Sam 7:12).
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2 Samuel 20:10 מֵעָ֥יו bowels his
Amasa was not on guard against the dagger in Joab’s hand, and Joab stabbed him in the stomach and spilled out his intestines on the ground. And Joab did not need to strike him again, for Amasa was dead. Then Joab and his brother Abishai pursued Sheba son of Bichri.
2 Chronicles · 5
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2 Chronicles 21:15 מֵעֶ֑יךָ מֵעֶ֙יךָ֙ bowels your
And day after day you yourself will suffer from a severe illness, a disease of your bowels, until it causes your bowels to come out.’”
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2 Chronicles 21:18 בְּמֵעָ֛יו in bowels his
After all this, the LORD afflicted Jehoram with an incurable disease of the bowels.
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2 Chronicles 21:19 מֵעָיו֙ bowels his
This continued day after day until two full years had passed. Finally, his intestines came out because of his disease, and he died in severe pain. And his people did not make a fire in his honor as they had done for his fathers.
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2 Chronicles 32:21 מֵעָ֔יו lower parts his
and the LORD sent an angel who annihilated every mighty man of valor and every leader and commander in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he withdrew to his own land in disgrace. And when he entered the temple of his god, some of his own sons struck him down with the sword.
Here: 'His innards.' Together with the previous word it is an idiom for his own children (compare Gen 15:4; 2 Sam 16:11).
Job · 2
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Job 20:14 בְּמֵעָ֣יו in inward parts his
yet in his stomach his food sours into the venom of cobras within him.
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Job 30:27 מֵעַ֖י inward parts my
I am churning within and cannot rest; days of affliction confront me.
Here: "My insides": the inner organs of the abdomen, which Hebrew treated as the place where the deepest feelings are felt. Job is describing anguish he feels in his gut, physically and emotionally at once.
Psalms · 3
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Psalm 22:14 מֵעָֽי׃ inward parts my
I am poured out like water, and all my bones are disjointed. My heart is like wax; it melts away within me.
Here: The internal organs, the belly and guts. Hebrew treated them as the place where deep distress and pity are felt (Jer 4:19; Isa 16:11). The meaning is 'deep inside me' and carries a physical, gut-level force.
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Psalm 40:8 מֵעָֽי׃ inward parts my
I delight to do Your will, O my God; Your law is within my heart.”
Here: 'My inner parts', literally the guts. Hebrew placed the deepest emotion here. The usual word for 'heart' (lev) is not used. God's instruction has been taken into the psalmist's body, not just stored in his mind.
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Psalm 71:6 מִמְּעֵ֣י from [the] inward parts of
I have leaned on You since birth; You pulled me from my mother’s womb. My praise is always for You.
Here: Literally "from the insides of." The word covers the inner organs as a whole, here the womb. It repeats "from the womb" in more physical, close-up language.
Song of Songs · 2
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Song of Songs 5:4 וּמֵעַ֖י and inward parts my
My beloved put his hand to the latch; my heart pounded for him.
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Song of Songs 5:14 מֵעָיו֙ lower parts his
His arms are rods of gold set with beryl. His body is polished ivory bedecked with sapphires.
Here: "His inner parts". Here it means the torso or abdomen seen from outside. It is the same word the woman used in 5:4 for her own insides trembling for him, so the echo is deliberate.
Isaiah · 4
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Isaiah 16:11 מֵעַ֣י inward parts my
Therefore my heart laments for Moab like a harp, my inmost being for Kir-heres.
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Isaiah 48:19 מֵעֶ֖יךָ inward parts your
Your descendants would have been as countless as the sand, and your offspring as numerous as its grains; their name would never be cut off or eliminated from My presence.”
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Isaiah 49:1 מִמְּעֵ֥י from [the] inward parts of
Listen to Me, O islands; pay attention, O distant peoples: The LORD called Me from the womb; from the body of My mother He named Me.
Here: 'From the insides of.' This repeats 'womb' in a more physical, inward word for the mother's body. It is a poetic synonym, not a reference to the digestive organs.
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Isaiah 63:15 מֵעֶ֛יךָ inward parts your
Look down from heaven and see, from Your holy and glorious habitation. Where are Your zeal and might? Your yearning and compassion for me are restrained.
Here: 'Your innards': the belly, seen as the seat of deep feeling, much as English uses 'heart' or 'gut'. God's 'insides churning' over his child is the picture of Jeremiah 31:20.
Jeremiah · 3
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Jeremiah 4:19 מֵעַ֣י׀ מֵעַ֨י׀ inward parts my
My anguish, my anguish! I writhe in pain! Oh, the pain in my chest! My heart pounds within me; I cannot be silent. For I have heard the sound of the horn, the alarm of battle.
Here: 'My innards!' This is the gut and abdominal organs, which in Hebrew were felt as the seat of the deepest emotion. The cry is physical: the speaker's insides are convulsing.
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Jeremiah 31:20 מֵעַי֙ inward parts my
Is not Ephraim a precious son to Me, a delightful child? Though I often speak against him, I still remember him. Therefore My heart yearns for him; I have great compassion for him,” declares the LORD.
Here: 'My innards.' The word covers the intestines, the belly and the womb. Hebrew located the deepest feelings here, much as English speaks of a 'gut-wrenching' feeling.
Lamentations · 2
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Lamentations 1:20 מֵעַ֣י inward parts my
See, O LORD, how distressed I am! I am churning within; my heart is pounding within me, for I have been most rebellious. Outside, the sword bereaves; inside, there is death.
Here: 'My innards': the guts and inner organs, which Hebrew treated as the seat of deep, physical feeling such as anguish and pity. This is a felt, bodily word, not a metaphor for mild emotion.
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Lamentations 2:11 מֵעַ֔י inward parts my
My eyes fail from weeping; I am churning within. My heart is poured out in grief over the destruction of the daughter of my people, because children and infants faint in the streets of the city.
Here: "My insides": the gut region, which in Hebrew is a seat of deep feeling, especially anguish and compassion. Not a crude or comic word.
Ezekiel · 2
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Ezekiel 3:3 וּמֵעֶ֣יךָ and inward parts your
“Son of man,” He said to me, “eat and fill your stomach with this scroll I am giving you.” So I ate, and it was as sweet as honey in my mouth.
Here: The internal organs, the deepest inside of a person, which Hebrew also treats as where strong feeling is felt (Jer 4:19; Isa 16:11). The scroll is to fill him completely.
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Ezekiel 7:19 וּמֵעֵיהֶ֖ם and inward parts their
They will throw their silver into the streets, and their gold will seem unclean. Their silver and gold cannot save them in the day of the wrath of the LORD. They cannot satisfy their appetites or fill their stomachs with wealth, for it became the stumbling block that brought their iniquity.
Here: 'And their bellies': the inside of the body, here the empty stomach. It is a concrete partner to 'appetite'.
Jonah · 2
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Jonah 1:17 בִּמְעֵ֣י in [the] inward parts of
Now the LORD had appointed a great fish to swallow Jonah, and Jonah spent three days and three nights in the belly of the fish.
Here: 'In the innards of'. The plural word covers the internal organs in general (intestines, belly, even womb), not a single stomach-room. It pictures Jonah deep inside the creature's body.
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Jonah 2:1 מִמְּעֵ֖י from [the] inward parts of
From inside the fish, Jonah prayed to the LORD his God,
Here: 'From' plus 'innards, insides'. The word covers a body's whole inside: bowels, womb, and the inner self where feelings sit. It is not a technical word for the stomach. It sets up the next verse, where Jonah cries 'from the belly of Sheol': the fish's insides echo the inside of the world of the dead.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.