Hebrew word · H4591

מָעַט

me'ot

to diminish

māʿaṭ: to be or become few or little, to dwindle. rābâ: to be or become many; in the causative form, to make many or increase. The two are a standard pair of opposites in Hebrew ('few' versus 'many').

Appears 22 times in 21 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) to be or become small, be few, be diminished

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to diminish

1a2) to be too small

1b) (Piel) to become few

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to make small, make few, diminish

1c2) to give less

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Proverbs 13:11

Range of meaning

māʿaṭ: to be or become few or little, to dwindle. rābâ: to be or become many; in the causative form, to make many or increase. The two are a standard pair of opposites in Hebrew ('few' versus 'many').

Against the English

Most translations keep the contrast ('dwindle'/'grow', 'diminished'/'increase'). Some English renderings make the second line passive ('will be multiplied', BSB). The Hebrew has the gatherer actively making his wealth grow.

Used elsewhere in the period

The pair is used for populations (Exod 30:15: 'the rich shall not give more, the poor not less'; Num 26:54) and for gathering manna (Exod 16:17-18: 'some more, some less').

From the study of Psalm 107:38

Range of meaning

In the simple form: to be or become few, small, or too little. In the causative form (Hiphil, used here): to make few, reduce, diminish.

Against the English

"Let ... diminish" (BSB, NIV, ESV) and "suffereth not ... to decrease" (KJV) turn the causative into a permission ("he does not allow"). Literally God is the one who would "make few". YLT's "He doth not diminish" keeps this. The difference is small, since both put the outcome in God's hands.

Used elsewhere in the period

Numbers 26:54; 33:54 (giving a smaller portion); Jeremiah 29:6 ("multiply there, and do not decrease", the same rabah/ma'at contrast); Ezekiel 29:15. The Septuagint uses smikrynō ("make small").

From the study of Leviticus 26:22

Range of meaning

'To make few, reduce, diminish', the opposite of hirbah, 'to make many'.

Against the English

'Make you few in number' (KJV, WEB) and 'reduce your numbers' (BSB) are accurate.

Used elsewhere in the period

Lev 25:16 (reducing the price); Num 26:54; 33:54; Jer 30:19 (reversal: 'I will multiply them and they shall not be few'); compare Deut 28:62 ('you shall be left few in number, whereas you were as the stars of heaven').

Where it appears

Exodus · 4
  1. Exodus 12:4 יִמְעַ֣ט it will be [too] small

    If the household is too small for a whole lamb, they are to share with the nearest neighbor based on the number of people, and apportion the lamb accordingly.

  2. Exodus 16:17 וְהַמַּמְעִֽיט׃ and the [one who] made little

    So the Israelites did this. Some gathered more, and some less.

  3. Exodus 16:18 וְהַמַּמְעִ֖יט and the [one who] made little

    When they measured it by the omer, he who gathered much had no excess, and he who gathered little had no shortfall. Each one gathered as much as he needed to eat.

    Here: "And the one making little": the one who gathered only a small amount. It sounds like hammarbeh and pairs with it, so the two kinds of gatherer sit side by side.

  4. Exodus 30:15 יַמְעִ֔יט he will make little

    In making the offering to the LORD to atone for your lives, the rich shall not give more than a half shekel, nor shall the poor give less.

Leviticus · 3
  1. Leviticus 25:16 מְעֹ֣ט תַּמְעִ֖יט [the] being small of, you will make small

    You shall increase the price in proportion to a greater number of years, or decrease it in proportion to a lesser number of years; for he is selling you a given number of harvests.

  2. Leviticus 26:22 וְהִמְעִ֖יטָה and it will diminish

    I will send wild animals against you to rob you of your children, destroy your livestock, and reduce your numbers, until your roads lie desolate.

    Here: 'And it will make you few.' This reverses the blessing of 26:9 ('I will make you fruitful and multiply you') and, behind it, the promise to Abraham of countless descendants.

Numbers · 4
  1. Numbers 11:32 הַמַּמְעִ֕יט the [one who] did little

    All that day and night, and all the next day, the people stayed up gathering the quail. No one gathered less than ten homers, and they spread them out all around the camp.

  2. Numbers 26:54 תַּמְעִ֖יט you will make small

    Increase the inheritance for a large tribe and decrease it for a small one; each tribe is to receive its inheritance according to the number of those registered.

  3. Numbers 33:54 תַּמְעִ֣יט you will make small

    And you are to divide the land by lot according to your clans. Give a larger inheritance to a larger clan and a smaller inheritance to a smaller one. Whatever falls to each one by lot will be his. You will receive an inheritance according to the tribes of your fathers.

  4. Numbers 35:8 תַּמְעִ֑יטוּ you will decrease

    The cities that you apportion from the territory of the Israelites should be given to the Levites in proportion to the inheritance of each tribe: more from a larger tribe and less from a smaller one.”

2 Kings · 1
  1. 2 Kings 4:3 תַּמְעִֽיטִי׃ you make few

    “Go,” said Elisha, “borrow empty jars from all your neighbors. Do not gather just a few.

Nehemiah · 1
  1. Nehemiah 9:32 יִמְעַ֣ט it be small

    So now, our God, the great and mighty and awesome God who keeps His gracious covenant, do not view lightly all the hardship that has come upon us, and upon our kings and leaders, our priests and prophets, our ancestors and all Your people, from the days of the kings of Assyria until today.

    Here: 'Let it not be small.' A deliberate understatement: the people ask that their suffering not count as minor in God's sight. In effect: take it seriously, treat it as large.

Psalms · 2
  1. Psalm 107:38 יַמְעִֽיט׃ he made few

    He blesses them, and they multiply greatly; He does not let their herds diminish.

    Here: "He makes few" or "lets dwindle," with God as the subject. God does not let the herds shrink through disease, raiding, drought or forced sale. The same root comes back in the very next word of v. 39 ("they became few"), which sets up the psalm's reversal.

  2. Psalm 107:39 וַיִּמְעֲט֥וּ and they became few

    When they are decreased and humbled by oppression, evil, and sorrow,

    Here: They dwindle in number and strength. It deliberately repeats the root of the previous verse, where God 'does not let their herds diminish' (lo yamʿiṭ). The same people whose flocks did not shrink now shrink themselves.

Proverbs · 1
  1. Proverbs 13:11 יִמְעָ֑ט it will become small

    Dishonest wealth will dwindle, but what is earned through hard work will be multiplied.

    Here: 'It will become little.' The verb describes a gradual shrinking, not a sudden crash. Wealth that came from a breath goes the way breath goes.

Ecclesiastes · 1
  1. Ecclesiastes 12:3 מִעֵ֔טוּ they have become few

    on the day the keepers of the house tremble and the strong men stoop, when those grinding cease because they are few and those watching through windows see dimly,

Isaiah · 1
  1. Isaiah 21:17 יִמְעָ֑טוּ they will be few

    The remaining archers, the warriors of Kedar, will be few.” For the LORD, the God of Israel, has spoken.

Jeremiah · 3
  1. Jeremiah 10:24 תַּמְעִטֵֽנִי׃ you should diminish me

    Correct me, O LORD, but only with justice—not in Your anger, or You will bring me to nothing.

    Here: 'You would make me small/few.' Said of a people, this means being cut down in numbers to a tiny remnant, or to none. It echoes the covenant curse of being 'left few in number' and reverses the promise of becoming many.

  2. Jeremiah 29:6 תִּמְעָֽטוּ׃ you diminish

    Take wives and have sons and daughters. Take wives for your sons and give your daughters in marriage, so that they too may have sons and daughters. Multiply there; do not decrease.

    Here: 'Become few, dwindle.' It is a word about numbers. It echoes the covenant curse that Israel would be 'left few in number' (Deuteronomy 28:62).

  3. Jeremiah 30:19 יִמְעָ֔טוּ they will diminish

    Thanksgiving will proceed from them, a sound of celebration. I will multiply them, and they will not be decreased; I will honor them, and they will not be belittled.

    Here: "They will be few." This is the language of the covenant curse, "you will be left few in number" (Deut 28:62). Here it is denied.

Ezekiel · 1
  1. Ezekiel 29:15 וְהִ֨מְעַטְתִּ֔ים and I will make small them

    Egypt will be the lowliest of kingdoms and will never again exalt itself above the nations. For I will diminish Egypt so that it will never again rule over the nations.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.