Hebrew word · H4601

מַעֲכָה

ma'akhah

Maacah

A personal name used for women (Maacah, mother of Absalom, 2 Sam 3:3; Maacah, mother of King Abijah, 1 Kgs 15:2) and for men (Maacah father of Achish king of Gath, 1 Kgs 2:39; a Simeonite's father, 1 Chr 27:16).

Appears 23 times in 23 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

A woman of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.15.2;

daughter of: Uriel (H0222I) and Tamar (H8559I); married to Rehoboam (H7346);

mother of: Abijah (H0029I), Attai (H6262I), Ziza (H2124H) and Shelomith (H8019G); also called Micaiah (KJV: Michaiah) at 2Ch.13.2;

§ Maachah = "oppression"

daughter of Absalom, wife of king Rehoboam of Judah, and mother of king Abijam of Judah

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of 1 Chronicles 11:43

Range of meaning

A personal name used for women (Maacah, mother of Absalom, 2 Sam 3:3; Maacah, mother of King Abijah, 1 Kgs 15:2) and for men (Maacah father of Achish king of Gath, 1 Kgs 2:39; a Simeonite's father, 1 Chr 27:16). It is also the name of a small Aramean kingdom in the Golan region (Josh 13:13; 2 Sam 10:6), whose people are the "Maacathites."

Against the English

Translations simply transliterate it (Maacah, Maachah, Maakah). Nothing is mistranslated; the ambiguity just stays hidden.

Used elsewhere in the period

Aram-Maacah and its king appear as Ammon's hired allies against David in 2 Samuel 10:6 and 1 Chronicles 19:6-7. Talmai, king of Geshur next door, was David's father-in-law through a different Maacah (2 Sam 3:3).

From the study of Joshua 13:13

Range of meaning

A small Aramean state north of Geshur, on the slopes of Mount Hermon and toward the upper Jordan (compare the town Abel-beth-maacah, 2 Sam 20:14–15). Maacah is also a personal name (e.g. Absalom's mother).

Against the English

The spelling varies: Maacath (BSB, WEB, ESV), Maachath (YLT), Maakah (NIV). These are only different spellings of one name. The -t form in this verse is a variant of Maacah, not a different place.

Used elsewhere in the period

In 2 Sam 10:6 the 'king of Maacah' hires out troops to the Ammonites against David, and 1 Chr 19:7 is parallel. Deut 3:14 and Josh 12:5 place it at the northern edge of Bashan.

Similar words

Where it appears

Genesis · 1
  1. Genesis 22:24 מַעֲכָֽה׃ ס Maacah

    Moreover, Nahor’s concubine, whose name was Reumah, bore Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah.

Joshua · 1
  1. Joshua 13:13 וּמַֽעֲכָת֙ and Maacah

    but the Israelites did not drive out the Geshurites or the Maacathites. So Geshur and Maacath dwell among the Israelites to this day.

    Here: A form of the name Maacah ending in -t. It refers to the state or territory of Maacah as a political unit.

2 Samuel · 3
  1. 2 Samuel 3:3 מַעֲכָ֔ה Maacah

    his second was Chileab, by Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel; his third was Absalom, the son of Maacah daughter of King Talmai of Geshur;

  2. 2 Samuel 10:6 מַֽעֲכָה֙ Maacah

    When the Ammonites realized that they had become a stench to David, they hired twenty thousand Aramean foot soldiers from Beth-rehob and Zoba, as well as a thousand men from the king of Maacah and twelve thousand men from Tob.

    Here: A small Aramean kingdom southwest of Mount Hermon, bordering Geshur in the Golan region (Deuteronomy 3:14; Joshua 13:11–13).

  3. 2 Samuel 10:8 וּמַֽעֲכָ֔ה and Maacah

    The Ammonites marched out and arrayed themselves for battle at the entrance of the city gate, while the Arameans of Zobah and Rehob and the men of Tob and Maacah were by themselves in the open country.

1 Kings · 4
  1. 1 Kings 2:39 מַעֲכָ֖ה Maacah

    After three years, however, two of Shimei’s slaves ran away to Achish son of Maacah, king of Gath. And Shimei was told, “Look, your slaves are in Gath.”

    Here: Achish's father. Compare 'Maoch' in 1 Sam 27:2.

  2. 1 Kings 15:2 מַעֲכָ֖ה [was] Maacah

    and he reigned in Jerusalem three years. His mother’s name was Maacah daughter of Abishalom.

  3. 1 Kings 15:10 מַעֲכָ֖ה [was] Maacah

    and he reigned in Jerusalem forty-one years. His grandmother’s name was Maacah daughter of Abishalom.

  4. 1 Kings 15:13 מַעֲכָ֣ה Maacah

    He also removed his grandmother Maacah from her position as queen mother because she had made a detestable Asherah pole. Asa chopped down the pole and burned it in the Kidron Valley.

1 Chronicles · 10
  1. 1 Chronicles 2:48 מַעֲכָ֔ה Maacah

    Caleb’s concubine Maacah was the mother of Sheber and Tirhanah.

  2. 1 Chronicles 3:2 מַעֲכָ֔ה Maacah

    the third was Absalom the son of Maacah daughter of King Talmai of Geshur; the fourth was Adonijah the son of Haggith;

  3. 1 Chronicles 7:15 מַעֲכָ֔ה [was] Maacah

    Machir took a wife from among the Huppites and Shuppites. The name of his sister was Maacah. Another descendant was named Zelophehad, who had only daughters.

  4. 1 Chronicles 7:16 מַעֲכָ֤ה Maacah

    Machir’s wife Maacah gave birth to a son, and she named him Peresh. His brother was named Sheresh, and his sons were Ulam and Rekem.

  5. 1 Chronicles 8:29 מַעֲכָֽה׃ [was] Maacah

    Jeiel the father of Gibeon lived in Gibeon. His wife’s name was Maacah,

  6. 1 Chronicles 9:35 מַעֲכָֽה׃ [was] Maacah

    Jeiel the father of Gibeon lived in Gibeon. His wife’s name was Maacah.

  7. 1 Chronicles 11:43 מַעֲכָ֔ה Maacah

    Hanan son of Maacah, Joshaphat the Mithnite,

    Here: Hanan's father, mother or ancestral group. In the Bible Maacah is a name borne by both men and women, and it is also the name of a small Aramean kingdom north-east of the Sea of Galilee. Which is meant here cannot be settled.

  8. 1 Chronicles 19:6 מַעֲכָה֙ Maacah

    When the Ammonites realized that they had become a stench to David, Hanun and the Ammonites sent a thousand talents of silver to hire for themselves chariots and horsemen from Aram-naharaim, Aram-maacah, and Zobah.

  9. 1 Chronicles 19:7 מַעֲכָה֙ Maacah

    So they hired for themselves thirty-two thousand chariots, as well as the king of Maacah with his troops, who came and camped near Medeba while the Ammonites were mustered from their cities and marched out for battle.

  10. 1 Chronicles 27:16 מַעֲכָֽה׃ ס Maacah

    These officers were in charge of the tribes of Israel: Over the Reubenites was Eliezer son of Zichri; over the Simeonites was Shephatiah son of Maacah;

2 Chronicles · 4
  1. 2 Chronicles 11:20 מַעֲכָ֖ה Maacah

    After her, he married Maacah daughter of Absalom, and she bore to him Abijah, Attai, Ziza, and Shelomith.

  2. 2 Chronicles 11:21 מַעֲכָ֣ה Maacah

    Rehoboam loved Maacah daughter of Absalom more than all his wives and concubines. In all, he had eighteen wives and sixty concubines, and he was the father of twenty-eight sons and sixty daughters.

  3. 2 Chronicles 11:22 מַעֲכָ֖ה Maacah

    Rehoboam appointed Abijah son of Maacah as chief prince among his brothers, intending to make him king.

  4. 2 Chronicles 15:16 מַעֲכָ֞ה Maacah

    King Asa also removed his grandmother Maacah from her position as queen mother because she had made a detestable Asherah pole. Asa chopped down the pole, crushed it, and burned it in the Kidron Valley.

    Here: She stands first in the sentence, ahead of the verb, which puts her in the spotlight: 'As for Maacah…'. She was the favoured wife of Rehoboam and a descendant of Absalom (2 Chr 11:20–22), so she was a royal figure of real standing.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.