Hebrew word · H7346
רְחַבְעָם
rechav'am
Rehoboam
The name joins the root r-ḥ-b ('be wide, make room, enlarge') with ʿam ('people', or 'kinsman', sometimes used as a title for a god). Possible meanings: 'the people is widened', 'may the people expand', or 'the (divine) Kinsman has made room'.
Appears 50 times in 41 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchyand Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.11.43;
son of: Solomon (H8010) and Naamah (H5279A);
brother of: Taphath (H2955) and Basemath (H1315); married to Maacah (H4601K), Mahalath (H4258H) and Abihail (H0032J);
father of: Abijah (H0029I), Jeush (H3266K), Shemariah (H8114H), Zaham (H2093), Attai (H6262I), Ziza (H2124H) and Shelomith (H8019)
Also named: Rhoboam (Ῥοβοάμ "Rehoboam" G4497)
§ Rehoboam = "a people has enlarged"
son of Solomon and the 1st king of Judah after the split up of the kingdom of Israel
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of 1 Kings 11:43
- Range of meaning
The name joins the root r-ḥ-b ('be wide, make room, enlarge') with ʿam ('people', or 'kinsman', sometimes used as a title for a god). Possible meanings: 'the people is widened', 'may the people expand', or 'the (divine) Kinsman has made room'.
- Against the English
English versions just transliterate the name, so its meaning is lost.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Names built on ʿam as a divine title, such as Amminadab and Eliam, appear in Hebrew and other West Semitic languages. The verb r-ḥ-b appears in Genesis 26:22 (Rehoboth: 'Yahweh has made room for us').
From the study of 1 Kings 14:30
- Range of meaning
Both names end in ʿām, which can mean 'people', or 'kinsman' used as a title for God. Rehoboam comes from r-ḥ-b, 'to be wide, roomy'. Jeroboam probably comes from r-b-b, 'to be many or great', or possibly from r-y-b, 'to contend'. Where the second root comes from is debated.
- Against the English
English readers see two similar-sounding names. Hebrew hearers would have heard two near-rhyming names, each built from a word about the people being enlarged or made great.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Names ending in ʿām are well attested in the period, for example Jokdeam and Jekameam. The Septuagint spells them Roboam and Ieroboam.
From the study of 1 Kings 15:6
- Range of meaning
Both royal names end in -'am, "people/kin." Rehoboam is usually explained as "the people has expanded" or "the kinsman has made room." Jeroboam is often explained as "may the people increase" or "the kinsman contends," though its exact sense is uncertain.
- Against the English
English readers hear two similar-sounding names. Hebrew hearers could also hear that both names speak of the growth of "the people." Each king claimed to be the true head of the one people of Israel.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Both names appear throughout 1 Kings 11–15 and 2 Chronicles 10–13. The meanings rest on ordinary Hebrew roots (r-ch-b "be wide"; r-b-b "be many" or r-y-b "contend"), per BDB/HALOT. The meaning of Jeroboam is still debated.
Similar words
Where it appears
1 Kings · 21
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1 Kings 11:43 רְחַבְעָ֥ם Rehoboam
And Solomon rested with his fathers and was buried in the city of his father David. And his son Rehoboam reigned in his place.
Here: The name probably means 'the people (or the divine Kinsman) has made wide' or 'may the people be enlarged'. In chapter 12 the people splits apart under him, which makes the name sound ironic.
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1 Kings 12:1 רְחַבְעָ֖ם Rehoboam
Then Rehoboam went to Shechem, for all Israel had gone there to make him king.
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1 Kings 12:3 רְחַבְעָ֖ם Rehoboam
So they sent for Jeroboam, and he and the whole assembly of Israel came to Rehoboam and said,
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1 Kings 12:6 רְחַבְעָ֗ם Rehoboam
Then King Rehoboam consulted with the elders who had served his father Solomon during his lifetime. “How do you advise me to respond to these people?” he asked.
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1 Kings 12:12 רְחַבְעָ֖ם Rehoboam
After three days, Jeroboam and all the people returned to Rehoboam, since the king had said, “Come back to me on the third day.”
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1 Kings 12:17 רְחַבְעָֽם׃ פ Rehoboam
but Rehoboam still reigned over the Israelites living in the cities of Judah.
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1 Kings 12:18 רְחַבְעָ֗ם רְחַבְעָ֗ם Rehoboam
Then King Rehoboam sent out Adoram, who was in charge of the forced labor, but all Israel stoned him to death. And King Rehoboam mounted his chariot in haste and escaped to Jerusalem.
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1 Kings 12:21 רְחַבְעָם֮ לִרְחַבְעָ֖ם Rehoboam, to Rehoboam
And when Rehoboam arrived in Jerusalem, he mobilized the whole house of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin—180,000 chosen warriors—to fight against the house of Israel and restore the kingdom to Rehoboam son of Solomon.
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1 Kings 12:23 רְחַבְעָ֤ם Rehoboam
“Tell Rehoboam son of Solomon king of Judah, all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and the rest of the people
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1 Kings 12:27 רְחַבְעָ֖ם רְחַבְעָ֥ם Rehoboam
If these people go up to offer sacrifices in the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, their hearts will return to their lord, Rehoboam king of Judah; then they will kill me and return to Rehoboam king of Judah.”
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1 Kings 14:21 וּרְחַבְעָם֙ רְחַבְעָ֨ם and Rehoboam, Rehoboam
Meanwhile, Rehoboam son of Solomon reigned in Judah. He was forty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city the LORD had chosen from all the tribes of Israel in which to put His Name. His mother’s name was Naamah the Ammonite.
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1 Kings 14:25 רְחַבְעָ֑ם Rehoboam
In the fifth year of Rehoboam’s reign, Shishak king of Egypt attacked Jerusalem.
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1 Kings 14:27 רְחַבְעָם֙ Rehoboam
Then King Rehoboam made bronze shields in their place and committed them to the care of the captains of the guard on duty at the entrance to the royal palace.
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1 Kings 14:29 רְחַבְעָ֖ם Rehoboam
As for the rest of the acts of Rehoboam, along with all that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?
Here: Solomon's son, king of Judah after the northern tribes split away. The name probably means 'the people is enlarged' or 'may the kinsman/people expand', which is an irony given that his reign began with the kingdom shrinking (1 Kgs 12).
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1 Kings 14:30 רְחַבְעָ֛ם Rehoboam
There was war between Rehoboam and Jeroboam throughout their days.
Here: Solomon's son, king of Judah (c. 931–913 BC). His name probably means 'the people has become wide' or 'the (divine) Kinsman has made room'. That reads as irony, because the kingdom shrank under him.
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1 Kings 14:31 רְחַבְעָ֜ם Rehoboam
And Rehoboam rested with his fathers and was buried with them in the City of David; his mother’s name was Naamah the Ammonite. And his son Abijam reigned in his place.
Here: Son of Solomon, first king of the southern kingdom of Judah after the ten northern tribes broke away (1 Kings 12). The name is usually taken to mean 'the people is widened/enlarged', which is ironic since the kingdom shrank under him.
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1 Kings 15:6 רְחַבְעָ֛ם Rehoboam
And there was war between the houses of Rehoboam and Jeroboam all the days of Abijam’s life.
Here: Solomon's son, the first king of Judah after the kingdom split. The odd thing is that he is named here, inside the account of his son Abijam, who comes after him. This is the main puzzle of the verse.
1 Chronicles · 1
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1 Chronicles 3:10 רְחַבְעָ֑ם Rehoboam
Solomon’s son was Rehoboam: Abijah was his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat his son,
2 Chronicles · 28
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2 Chronicles 9:31 רְחַבְעָ֥ם Rehoboam
And Solomon rested with his fathers and was buried in the city of his father David. And his son Rehoboam reigned in his place.
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2 Chronicles 10:1 רְחַבְעָ֖ם Rehoboam
Then Rehoboam went to Shechem, for all Israel had gone there to make him king.
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2 Chronicles 10:3 רְחַבְעָ֖ם Rehoboam
So they sent for Jeroboam, and he and all Israel came to Rehoboam and said,
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2 Chronicles 10:6 רְחַבְעָ֗ם Rehoboam
Then King Rehoboam consulted with the elders who had served his father Solomon during his lifetime. “How do you advise me to respond to these people?” he asked.
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2 Chronicles 10:12 רְחַבְעָ֖ם Rehoboam
After three days, Jeroboam and all the people returned to Rehoboam, since the king had said, “Come back to me on the third day.”
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2 Chronicles 10:13 רְחַבְעָ֔ם Rehoboam
And the king answered them harshly. King Rehoboam rejected the advice of the elders
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2 Chronicles 10:17 רְחַבְעָֽם׃ Rehoboam
but Rehoboam still reigned over the Israelites living in the cities of Judah.
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2 Chronicles 10:18 רְחַבְעָ֗ם רְחַבְעָ֗ם Rehoboam
Then King Rehoboam sent out Hadoram, who was in charge of the forced labor, but the Israelites stoned him to death. And King Rehoboam mounted his chariot in haste and escaped to Jerusalem.
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2 Chronicles 11:1 רְחַבְעָם֮ לִרְחַבְעָֽם׃ פ Rehoboam, to Rehoboam
When Rehoboam arrived in Jerusalem, he mobilized the house of Judah and Benjamin—180,000 chosen warriors—to fight against Israel and restore the kingdom to Rehoboam.
Here: Solomon's son and heir. The name probably means 'the people has widened' or 'may the kinsman enlarge'. That makes a quiet irony here: under him the people he rules has just shrunk.
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2 Chronicles 11:3 רְחַבְעָ֥ם Rehoboam
“Tell Rehoboam son of Solomon king of Judah and all the Israelites in Judah and Benjamin
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2 Chronicles 11:5 רְחַבְעָ֖ם Rehoboam
Rehoboam lived in Jerusalem, and he built up cities for defense in Judah.
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2 Chronicles 11:17 רְחַבְעָ֥ם Rehoboam
So they strengthened the kingdom of Judah and supported Rehoboam son of Solomon for three years, because they walked for three years in the way of David and Solomon.
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2 Chronicles 11:18 רְחַבְעָם֙ Rehoboam
And Rehoboam married Mahalath, who was the daughter of David’s son Jerimoth and of Abihail, the daughter of Jesse’s son Eliab.
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2 Chronicles 11:21 רְחַבְעָ֜ם Rehoboam
Rehoboam loved Maacah daughter of Absalom more than all his wives and concubines. In all, he had eighteen wives and sixty concubines, and he was the father of twenty-eight sons and sixty daughters.
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2 Chronicles 11:22 רְחַבְעָ֛ם Rehoboam
Rehoboam appointed Abijah son of Maacah as chief prince among his brothers, intending to make him king.
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2 Chronicles 12:1 רְחַבְעָם֙ Rehoboam
After Rehoboam had established his sovereignty and royal power, he and all Israel with him forsook the Law of the LORD.
Here: Solomon's son and David's grandson, whose harsh answer split the kingdom in 2 Chronicles 10. His position in the Hebrew phrase is "the kingship of Rehoboam," so he is named as the owner of the reign, not as the one establishing it.
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2 Chronicles 12:2 רְחַבְעָ֔ם Rehoboam
In the fifth year of Rehoboam’s reign, because they had been unfaithful to the LORD, Shishak king of Egypt attacked Jerusalem
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2 Chronicles 12:5 רְחַבְעָ֔ם Rehoboam
Then Shemaiah the prophet came to Rehoboam and the leaders of Judah who had gathered at Jerusalem because of Shishak, and he said to them, “This is what the LORD says: ‘You have forsaken Me; therefore, I have forsaken you into the hand of Shishak.’”
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2 Chronicles 12:10 רְחַבְעָם֙ Rehoboam
Then King Rehoboam made bronze shields in their place and committed them to the care of the captains of the guard on duty at the entrance to the royal palace.
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2 Chronicles 12:13 רְחַבְעָ֛ם רְחַבְעָ֨ם Rehoboam
Thus King Rehoboam established himself in Jerusalem and reigned. He was forty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city the LORD had chosen from all the tribes of Israel in which to put His Name. His mother’s name was Naamah the Ammonite.
Here: Solomon's son and first king of Judah after the split. The name probably means 'the people/kinsman has widened' or 'may the people be enlarged', which is an irony given that the people split apart under him.
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2 Chronicles 12:15 רְחַבְעָ֗ם רְחַבְעָ֛ם Rehoboam
Now the acts of Rehoboam, from first to last, are they not written in the records of Shemaiah the Prophet and of Iddo the Seer concerning the genealogies? There was war between Rehoboam and Jeroboam throughout their days.
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2 Chronicles 12:16 רְחַבְעָם֙ Rehoboam
And Rehoboam rested with his fathers and was buried in the City of David. And his son Abijah reigned in his place.
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2 Chronicles 13:7 רְחַבְעָ֣ם וּרְחַבְעָ֗ם Rehoboam, and Rehoboam
Then worthless and wicked men gathered around him to resist Rehoboam son of Solomon when he was young, inexperienced, and unable to resist them.
Here: Rehoboam, Solomon's son and successor, under whom the kingdom split (2 Chr 10). He was the father of Abijah, who is speaking.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.