Hebrew word · H7342

רָחָב

rechav-

wide

Raḥav means wide, broad or spacious (a broad land, a wide wall). Tied to a body word, it describes a quality of the person. Nefesh in Hebrew starts with the throat and neck, and from there it covers breath, appetite, desire, life and the living self.

Appears 21 times in 21 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

broad, wide

Also means: ra.chav (רָחָב ": arrogant" H7342I)

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Proverbs 28:25

Range of meaning

Raḥav means wide, broad or spacious (a broad land, a wide wall). Tied to a body word, it describes a quality of the person. Nefesh in Hebrew starts with the throat and neck, and from there it covers breath, appetite, desire, life and the living self. "Wide of nefesh" means a throat stretched open, an appetite that has no limit.

Against the English

BSB, WEB, ESV and NIV have "greedy". KJV has "of a proud heart", YLT "proud in soul", NASB "arrogant". The proud/arrogant renderings borrow the meaning of a different phrase, reḥav lev ("wide of heart"), which does mean pride (Psalm 101:5; Proverbs 21:4).

How it drifted

The KJV tradition made this phrase match "wide of heart" = proud, and it read nefesh as "soul" in the sense of inner self. Once nefesh stopped being heard as "throat/appetite", the picture of a gaping mouth was lost.

Used elsewhere in the period

Same picture elsewhere: Isaiah 5:14, "Sheol has widened its nefesh and opened its mouth beyond measure"; Habakkuk 2:5, the arrogant plunderer "widens his nefesh like Sheol, and like death is never satisfied". The Greek Septuagint renders it aplēstos anēr, "an insatiable man", which confirms the appetite reading.

From the study of Nehemiah 7:4

Range of meaning

Raḥav means 'wide, broad, spacious'. Yad means 'hand', and from that 'side', 'power', 'portion' or 'monument'. In the fixed phrase 'wide of hands', yadayim (the two hands) means the two sides, so the phrase means 'extending broadly on both sides' or 'roomy'.

Against the English

YLT keeps the picture ('broad on both sides'). KJV/WEB/BSB flatten it to 'large/wide' or 'spacious'. None of these is wrong, but they lose the spatial picture of open land stretching out to either side.

Used elsewhere in the period

Gen 34:21: 'the land is wide of hands before them', i.e. there is plenty of room for newcomers. Isa 22:18: a 'land wide of hands' into which Shebna is hurled. Ps 104:25: 'the sea, great and wide of hands'. Judg 18:10 and 1 Chr 4:40 describe a roomy land the same way. The LXX translates by sense (platys, 'broad').

From the study of Nehemiah 12:38

Range of meaning

'Wide, broad, spacious' (BDB). Used of land (Exod 3:8), of walls (Jer 51:58, 'the broad wall of Babylon') and of a generous heart.

Against the English

'Broad Wall' or 'wide wall'. All versions treat it as a place name.

Used elsewhere in the period

Neh 3:8 says the builders 'restored Jerusalem as far as the Broad Wall'. In 1970–71 Nahman Avigad excavated a wall about 7 m thick in the Jewish Quarter, dating to the late 8th century BC (Hezekiah's time), and many link it to this name. Whether Nehemiah's smaller circuit actually reached that line is disputed.

Similar words

Where it appears

Genesis · 1
  1. Genesis 34:21 רַֽחֲבַת־ [is] broad of

    “These men are at peace with us. Let them live and trade in our land; indeed, it is large enough for them. Let us take their daughters in marriage and give our daughters to them.

Exodus · 1
  1. Exodus 3:8 וּרְחָבָ֔ה and spacious

    I have come down to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land to a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey—the home of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.

    Here: 'And broad.' Room to spread out. In Hebrew, distress is pictured as being squeezed and relief as being set in a wide place, so 'broad' answers the 'squeezing' (oppression) of v.9.

Judges · 1
  1. Judges 18:10 רַחֲבַ֣ת [is] broad of

    When you enter, you will come to an unsuspecting people and a spacious land, for God has delivered it into your hand. It is a place where nothing on earth is lacking.”

1 Chronicles · 1
  1. 1 Chronicles 4:40 רַחֲבַ֣ת [was] broad of

    There they found rich, good pasture, and the land was spacious, peaceful, and quiet; for some Hamites had lived there formerly.

Nehemiah · 5
  1. Nehemiah 3:8 הָרְחָבָֽה׃ ס <the> broad

    Next to them, Uzziel son of Harhaiah, one of the goldsmiths, made repairs. And next to him, Hananiah, one of the perfumers, made repairs. They fortified Jerusalem as far as the Broad Wall.

  2. Nehemiah 4:19 וּרְחָבָ֑ה and extensive

    Then I said to the nobles, the officials, and the rest of the people: “The work is great and extensive, and we are spread out far from one another along the wall.

    Here: Spatial: the work is spread over a wide area. With harbeh it gives two sides of the problem: a lot of work, and spread far.

  3. Nehemiah 7:4 רַחֲבַ֤ת [was] broad of

    Now the city was large and spacious, but there were few people in it, and the houses had not yet been rebuilt.

    Here: 'Wide of …'. The adjective is joined directly to the next word, so together they mean 'broad in extent'. It describes the open area inside the walls.

  4. Nehemiah 9:35 הָרְחָבָ֧ה <the> broad

    For even while they were in their kingdom, with the abundant goodness that You had given them, and in the spacious and fertile land that You had set before them, they would not serve You or turn from their wicked ways.

  5. Nehemiah 12:38 הָרְחָבָֽה׃ <the> broad

    The second thanksgiving choir proceeded to the left, and I followed it with half the people along the top of the wall, past the Tower of the Ovens to the Broad Wall,

    Here: 'The broad (one)': the Broad Wall, a known stretch of the wall that was unusually thick, mentioned in 3:8.

Job · 2
  1. Job 11:9 וּ֝רְחָבָ֗ה and broad

    Their measure is longer than the earth and wider than the sea.

  2. Job 30:14 רָחָ֣ב wide

    They advance as through a wide breach; through the ruins they keep rolling in.

Psalms · 4
  1. Psalm 101:5 וּרְחַ֣ב and [the] wide of

    Whoever slanders his neighbor in secret, I will put to silence; the one with haughty eyes and a proud heart, I will not endure.

    Here: 'And wide of…': a heart that is spread out, swollen, grasping. Paired with high eyes, it means arrogant, overreaching ambition and appetite, not open-mindedness.

  2. Psalm 104:25 וּרְחַ֪ב and wide of

    Here is the sea, vast and wide, teeming with creatures beyond number, living things both great and small.

  3. Psalm 119:45 בָרְחָבָ֑ה in the broad place

    And I will walk in freedom, for I have sought Your precepts.

    Here: 'Wide' used as a noun: open, roomy ground. It is a space picture: room to move, not hemmed in or cornered. In the Psalms this is the opposite of 'distress,' which in Hebrew literally means a narrow, tight spot.

  4. Psalm 119:96 רְחָבָ֖ה [is] broad

    I have seen a limit to all perfection, but Your commandment is without limit.

    Here: This adjective is put first for emphasis: "Broad is…". The picture is open space with no edges in sight. It is the opposite of the "narrowness" Hebrew uses for distress, and it echoes v. 45, "I will walk in a broad place" (same word).

Proverbs · 2
  1. Proverbs 21:4 וּרְחַב־ and a [person] arrogant of

    Haughty eyes and a proud heart—the guides of the wicked—are sin.

    Here: 'And wide of', tied to 'heart'. The picture is an inner self that has swollen to fill all the space and leaves no room for God or for anyone else. The same 'wide' idiom describes greed in Prov 28:25 ('wide of appetite').

  2. Proverbs 28:25 רְחַב־ a [person] arrogant of

    A greedy man stirs up strife, but he who trusts in the LORD will prosper.

    Here: Literally "wide" or "broad of", tied to the next word. A person who is "wide" in the throat or appetite: someone whose desire is opened up and never full. This is the subject of the first line.

Isaiah · 2
  1. Isaiah 22:18 רַחֲבַ֣ת broad of

    roll you into a ball, and sling you into a wide land. There you will die, and there your glorious chariots will remain—a disgrace to the house of your master.

  2. Isaiah 33:21 רַחֲבֵ֣י broad of

    But there the Majestic One, our LORD, will be for us a place of rivers and wide canals, where no galley with oars will row, and no majestic vessel will pass.

Jeremiah · 1
  1. Jeremiah 51:58 הָֽרְחָבָה֙ <the> broad

    This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Babylon’s thick walls will be leveled, and her high gates consumed by fire. So the labor of the people will be for nothing; the nations will exhaust themselves to fuel the flames.”

    Here: 'The broad one.' The point is how thick the walls were, not how long. Ancient visitors marveled that chariots could drive along the top of them.

Ezekiel · 1
  1. Ezekiel 23:32 וְהָרְחָבָ֑ה and <the> wide

    This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘You will drink your sister’s cup, a cup deep and wide. It will bring scorn and derision, for it holds so much.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.