עָשָׁן

Genesis 15:17 עָשָׁן֙ smoke

When the sun had set and darkness had fallen, behold, a smoking firepot and a flaming torch appeared and passed between the halves of the carcasses.

Here: A noun, not an adjective: literally 'an oven of smoke'. Smoke goes with God's appearing elsewhere, as on Mount Sinai, which 'smoked like a furnace' (Exod 19:18).

Exodus 19:18 עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן smoke its, like [the] smoke of

Mount Sinai was completely enveloped in smoke, because the LORD had descended on it in fire. And the smoke rose like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked violently.

Here: "Its smoke," meaning the mountain's. This is the second of three back-to-back uses of the root ʿ-sh-n (ʿashan, ʿashano, ʿeshen), and the repeated sound packs the verse with smoke.

Joshua 8:20 עֲשַׁ֤ן [the] smoke of

When the men of Ai turned and looked back, the smoke of the city was rising into the sky. They could not escape in any direction, and the troops who had fled to the wilderness now turned against their pursuers.

Here: "The smoke of": the visible sign that the ambush had taken and fired the city (8:19).

Joshua 8:21 עֲשַׁ֣ן [the] smoke of

When Joshua and all Israel saw that the men in ambush had captured the city and that smoke was rising from it, they turned around and struck down the men of Ai.

Here: The smoke from the burning town (the ambushers set it on fire, v. 19). It works as a visible signal to Joshua's force and as a sign of the town's doom.

Judges 20:38 הֶעָשָׁ֖ן the smoke

The men of Israel had arranged a signal with the men in ambush: When they sent up a great cloud of smoke from the city,

Here: Smoke from the burning town, rising high enough for the army out on the road to see it far off.

Judges 20:40 עָשָׁ֑ן smoke

But when the column of smoke began to go up from the city, the Benjamites looked behind them and saw the whole city going up in smoke.

2 Samuel 22:9 עָשָׁן֙ smoke

Smoke rose from His nostrils, and consuming fire came from His mouth; glowing coals blazed forth.

Job 41:20 עָשָׁ֑ן smoke

Smoke billows from his nostrils as from a boiling pot over burning reeds.

Psalm 18:8 עָשָׁ֨ן׀ smoke

Smoke rose from His nostrils, and consuming fire came from His mouth; glowing coals blazed forth.

Here: Smoke, the visible sign of fire and fury. It points back to Sinai, which 'was all in smoke' when the LORD came down on it in fire (Exod 19:18).

Psalm 37:20 בֶעָשָׁ֣ן in <the> smoke

But the wicked and enemies of the LORD will perish like the glory of the fields. They will vanish; like smoke they will fade away.

Here: 'In smoke': they burn off into smoke, which rises, thins and is gone. The same phrase appears in Ps 102:3, 'my days are spent in smoke'.

Psalm 68:2 עָשָׁ֗ן smoke

As smoke is blown away, You will drive them out; as wax melts before the fire, the wicked will perish in the presence of God.

Here: Smoke from a fire. In the Psalms it is a common picture of something that looks solid and then disappears (Ps 37:20; 102:3; Hos 13:3).

Psalm 102:3 בְעָשָׁ֣ן in smoke

For my days vanish like smoke, and my bones burn like glowing embers.

Here: 'In smoke,' meaning they go up in smoke, or 'as smoke.' Smoke rises, thins out and is gone, a stock Hebrew picture for things that vanish (compare Psalm 37:20).

Proverbs 10:26 וְכֶעָשָׁ֥ן and like <the> smoke

Like vinegar to the teeth and smoke to the eyes, so is the slacker to those who send him.

Song of Songs 3:6 עָשָׁ֑ן smoke

Who is this coming up from the wilderness like a column of smoke, scented with myrrh and frankincense from all the spices of the merchant?

Here: Smoke. From the verb that follows, this is most naturally the smoke of incense burned along with the procession. Some think it is the dust raised by a large company.

Isaiah 4:5 וְעָשָׁ֔ן and smoke

Then the LORD will create over all of Mount Zion and over her assemblies a cloud of smoke by day and a glowing flame of fire by night. For over all the glory there will be a canopy,

Here: 'And smoke'. This recalls Sinai wrapped in smoke (Exod 19:18) and the temple filled with smoke in Isaiah's own vision (Isa 6:4). It signals awe at God's holiness.

Isaiah 6:4 עָשָֽׁן׃ smoke

At the sound of their voices the doorposts and thresholds shook, and the temple was filled with smoke.

Here: Smoke: literally fumes from fire. In Israel's tradition it marked God's dangerous, hidden presence: Sinai 'all in smoke' (Exod 19:18), and incense smoke screening the high priest from the presence (Lev 16:13).

Isaiah 9:18 עָשָֽׁן׃ smoke

For wickedness burns like a fire that consumes the thorns and briers and kindles the forest thickets, which roll upward in billows of smoke.

Here: 'Smoke.' The last word of the verse, and all that is left: the forest has become a column of smoke over the hills, visible for miles.

Isaiah 14:31 עָשָׁ֣ן smoke

Wail, O gate! Cry out, O city! Melt away, all you Philistines! For a cloud of smoke comes from the north, and there are no stragglers in its ranks.

Isaiah 34:10 עֲשָׁנָ֑הּ smoke its

It will not be quenched—day or night. Its smoke will ascend forever. From generation to generation it will lie desolate; no one will ever again pass through it.

Here: 'Her smoke', the smoke of the land of Edom. This recalls Sodom: 'the smoke of the land went up like the smoke of a furnace' (Genesis 19:28).

Isaiah 51:6 כֶּעָשָׁ֤ן like <the> smoke

Lift up your eyes to the heavens, and look at the earth below; for the heavens will vanish like smoke, the earth will wear out like a garment, and its people will die like gnats. But My salvation will last forever, and My righteousness will never fail.

Here: Smoke rises, thins and is gone. It is a common biblical picture for something insubstantial (Ps 37:20; 102:3; Hos 13:3).

Isaiah 65:5 עָשָׁ֣ן [are] smoke

They say, ‘Keep to yourself; do not come near me, for I am holier than you!’ Such people are smoke in My nostrils, a fire that burns all day long.

Here: Smoke, an acrid irritant. In the setting of worship it pointedly reverses the 'pleasing aroma' that rises from an acceptable sacrifice.

Hosea 13:3 וּכְעָשָׁ֖ן and like smoke

Therefore they will be like the morning mist, like the early dew that vanishes, like chaff blown from a threshing floor, like smoke through an open window.

Here: 'And like smoke.' Smoke billows up, looks like something, thins out and disappears. It is the last of the four pictures of something that seems real and then is gone.

Joel 2:30 עָשָֽׁן׃ smoke

I will show wonders in the heavens and on the earth, blood and fire and columns of smoke.

Here: Smoke: the smoke of Sinai when God came down, and the smoke rising from a destroyed city (Josh 8:20; Judg 20:38–40). It ends the list with a picture that can be seen from far away.

Nahum 2:13 בֶֽעָשָׁן֙ in <the> smoke

“Behold, I am against you,” declares the LORD of Hosts. “I will reduce your chariots to cinders, and the sword will devour your young lions. I will cut off your prey from the earth, and the voices of your messengers will no longer be heard.”

Here: “In smoke” or “into smoke.” The chariots burn until only smoke is left. BSB gets the idea across with “to cinders.”