פָּדָה

Exodus 13:13 תִּפְדֶּ֣ה תִפְדֶּ֖ה תִּפְדֶּֽה׃ you will redeem, you will redeem [it]

You must redeem every firstborn donkey with a lamb, and if you do not redeem it, you are to break its neck. And every firstborn of your sons you must redeem.

Exodus 13:15 אֶפְדֶּֽה׃ I redeem

And when Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the LORD killed every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both of man and beast. This is why I sacrifice to the LORD the firstborn male of every womb, but I redeem all the firstborn of my sons.’

Exodus 21:8 וְהֶפְדָּ֑הּ and he will let be ransomed her

If she is displeasing in the eyes of her master who had designated her for himself, he must allow her to be redeemed. He has no right to sell her to foreigners, since he has broken faith with her.

Exodus 34:20 תִּפְדֶּ֣ה תִפְדֶּ֖ה תִּפְדֶּ֔ה you will redeem, you will redeem [it]

You must redeem the firstborn of a donkey with a lamb; but if you do not redeem it, you are to break its neck. You must redeem all the firstborn of your sons. No one shall appear before Me empty-handed.

Here: An imperfect verb used as a command: "you are to buy back." The owner releases from God's claim something that belongs to God by handing over a substitute payment.

Leviticus 19:20 וְהָפְדֵּה֙ נִפְדָּ֔תָה and certainly <to be released>, she had been released

If a man lies carnally with a slave girl promised to another man but who has not been redeemed or given her freedom, there must be due punishment. But they are not to be put to death, because she had not been freed.

Leviticus 27:27 וּפָדָ֣ה and he will redeem [it]

But if it is among the unclean animals, then he may redeem it according to your valuation and add a fifth of its value. If it is not redeemed, then it shall be sold according to your valuation.

Leviticus 27:29 יִפָּדֶ֑ה he will be redeemed

No person set apart for destruction may be ransomed; he must surely be put to death.

Numbers 18:15 פָּדֹ֣ה תִפְדֶּ֗ה תִּפְדֶּֽה׃ certainly <to redeem>, you will redeem

The firstborn of every womb, whether man or beast, that is offered to the LORD belongs to you. But you must surely redeem every firstborn son and every firstborn male of unclean animals.

Here: The verb is stated once in a bare form and then again in the next word, which is how Hebrew says 'without fail'. The doubling leaves no room for a priest to keep a human firstborn.

Numbers 18:16 וּפְדוּיָו֙ תִּפְדֶּ֔ה and redemption price its, you will redeem [it]

You are to pay the redemption price for a month-old male according to your valuation: five shekels of silver, according to the sanctuary shekel, which is twenty gerahs.

Numbers 18:17 תִפְדֶּ֖ה you will redeem

But you must not redeem the firstborn of an ox, a sheep, or a goat; they are holy. You are to splatter their blood on the altar and burn their fat as a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

Deuteronomy 7:8 וַֽיִּפְדְּךָ֙ and he redeemed you

But because the LORD loved you and kept the oath He swore to your fathers, He brought you out with a mighty hand and redeemed you from the house of slavery, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt.

Here: 'And he ransomed you': the language of buying a person out of someone else's ownership. The 'you' here is singular, picturing Israel as one person, like a single slave bought free.

Deuteronomy 9:26 פָּדִ֖יתָ you redeemed

And I prayed to the LORD and said, “O Lord GOD, do not destroy Your people, Your inheritance, whom You redeemed through Your greatness and brought out of Egypt with a mighty hand.

Here: "You ransomed/freed." This is the language of releasing someone from slavery or from a claim on their life. God himself bought them out of Egyptian bondage.

Deuteronomy 13:5 וְהַפֹּֽדְךָ֙ and who redeemed you

Such a prophet or dreamer must be put to death, because he has advocated rebellion against the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt and redeemed you from the house of slavery; he has tried to turn you from the way in which the LORD your God has commanded you to walk. So you must purge the evil from among you.

Here: 'And the one who ransomed you (singular)'. The word comes from buying someone out of bondage. YHWH is pictured as the one who freed his people from slavery. Without saying so, it also implies a claim: they now belong to him.

Deuteronomy 15:15 וַֽיִּפְדְּךָ֖ and he redeemed you

Remember that you were slaves in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God redeemed you; that is why I am giving you this command today.

Here: 'And he ransomed you': a verb taken from buying a person or animal out of bondage or out of a claim on them. It is a completed act in the past. God bought Israel out of slavery, so Israel cannot hold its own people as if they were permanent property.

Deuteronomy 21:8 פָּדִ֙יתָ֙ you ransomed

Accept this atonement, O LORD, for Your people Israel whom You have redeemed, and do not hold the shedding of innocent blood against them.” And the bloodshed will be atoned for.

Deuteronomy 24:18 וַֽיִּפְדְּךָ֛ and he redeemed you

Remember that you were slaves in Egypt, and the LORD your God redeemed you from that place. Therefore I am commanding you to do this.

1 Samuel 14:45 וַיִּפְדּ֥וּ and they redeemed

But the people said to Saul, “Must Jonathan die—he who accomplished such a great deliverance for Israel? Never! As surely as the LORD lives, not a hair of his head will fall to the ground, for with God’s help he has accomplished this today.” So the people rescued Jonathan, and he did not die.

Here: Padah means to set free someone who is held or claimed, often by payment or substitution. Here the people free Jonathan from the death his father's oath claimed for him. Whether anything was actually paid is not said (see debates).

2 Samuel 4:9 פָּדָ֥ה he has ransomed

But David answered Rechab and his brother Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, “As surely as the LORD lives, who has redeemed my life from all distress,

Here: "Has ransomed / bought free": a completed act seen as an established fact of David's life. Yahweh has already pulled him out of every danger, so he had no need of murderers to settle his account with Saul's house.

2 Samuel 7:23 לִפְדּֽוֹת־ פָּדִ֤יתָ to redeem, you redeemed

And who is like Your people Israel—the one nation on earth whom God went out to redeem as a people for Himself and to make a name for Himself? You performed great and awesome wonders by driving out nations and their gods from before Your people, whom You redeemed for Yourself from Egypt.

Here: To get someone free from another's ownership or control, by payment or by force. Here it means freeing a people of slaves from Egypt.

1 Kings 1:29 פָּדָ֥ה he has ransomed

And the king swore an oath, saying, “As surely as the LORD lives, who has redeemed my life from all distress,

Here: A completed action ('has ransomed'). It looks back over David's whole life, in which Yahweh pulled him out of mortal danger. The underlying picture is of releasing someone held by another, but here it means rescue, with no price in view.

1 Chronicles 17:21 לִפְדּ֧וֹת פָּדִ֥יתָ to redeem, you had redeemed

And who is like Your people Israel—the one nation on earth whom God went out to redeem as a people for Himself? You made a name for Yourself through great and awesome wonders by driving out nations from before Your people, whom You redeemed from Egypt.

Nehemiah 1:10 פָּדִ֙יתָ֙ you redeemed

They are Your servants and Your people. You redeemed them by Your great power and mighty hand.

Job 5:20 פָּֽדְךָ֣ he will ransom you

In famine He will redeem you from death, and in battle from the stroke of the sword.

Here: Literally 'he has ransomed you'. Hebrew uses this past-looking verb form for something so certain it can be spoken of as already done. Its basic picture is getting someone free from a claim or a captor. Here God pulls the person out of death's grip. No payment is in view.

Job 6:23 תִּפְדּֽוּנִי׃ you will ransom me

deliver me from the hand of the enemy; redeem me from the grasp of the ruthless’?

Job 33:28 פָּדָ֣ה he has ransomed

He redeemed my soul from going down to the Pit, and I will live to see the light.’

Here: 'He ransomed.' The verb is in the completed tense: the rescue has already happened. The unnamed subject is God, to whom the man prayed in v. 26. Coming right after 'I have found a ransom' in v. 24, it keeps the picture of a life bought back from death's claim.

Psalm 25:22 פְּדֵ֣ה redeem

Redeem Israel, O God, from all its distress.

Psalm 26:11 פְּדֵ֣נִי redeem me

But I will walk with integrity; redeem me and be merciful to me.

Here: A command addressed to God: 'Ransom me', meaning get me out of a danger I cannot get out of myself, as a ransom price frees a captive or a doomed life. In context the danger is the one named in v. 9: being 'gathered' with sinners and men of blood, that is, sharing their death and fate.

Psalm 31:5 פָּדִ֖יתָה you have redeemed

Into Your hands I commit my spirit; You have redeemed me, O LORD, God of truth.

Here: A completed-action verb: 'you have ransomed/rescued me'. It can look back on past rescues, or speak of a coming rescue as if it had already happened. This is the reason the deposit can be made.

Psalm 34:22 פּוֹדֶ֣ה [is] redeeming

The LORD redeems His servants, and none who take refuge in Him will be condemned.

Here: An active participle: not a single past event but what YHWH characteristically does, 'the One who ransoms.' It pictures getting someone out of a situation that has a claim on them (danger, death, the enemy), the way a captive or a pledged life is bought back. The word comes first in the Hebrew, so it is stressed.

Psalm 44:26 וּ֝פְדֵ֗נוּ and redeem us

Rise up; be our help! Redeem us on account of Your loving devotion.

Here: 'And ransom us.' The word comes from buying someone or something out of another's possession. When God is the subject it means freeing his people from captivity or ruin, and it recalls the Exodus ('whom you ransomed from Egypt', Deut 7:8; 9:26). Here it means release from defeat, plunder and being scattered among the nations (vv. 10–11).

Psalm 49:7 פָדֹ֣ה יִפְדֶּ֣ה certainly <to ransom>, he will ransom

No man can possibly redeem his brother or pay his ransom to God.

Here: The bare verb form (an "infinitive absolute"), placed before the finite verb of the same root. This is a Hebrew way of adding emphasis: "ransom, he will not ransom", that is, "cannot possibly ransom." KJV's "by any means" and BSB's "possibly" render it.

Psalm 49:15 יִפְדֶּ֣ה he will redeem

But God will redeem my life from Sheol, for He will surely take me to Himself. Selah

Here: "He will ransom": to set free by paying a price or by taking someone out of another's claim. It repeats the exact verb of v.7 ("no one can ransom a brother"). What no human can do, God will do.

Psalm 55:18 פָּ֘דָ֤ה he will ransom

He redeems my soul in peace from the battle waged against me, even though many oppose me.

Here: "He has ransomed." This is the language of buying back a captive or a person under sentence, here used for God pulling the psalmist out of mortal danger. The Hebrew is a completed-action form. The psalmist talks about the rescue as already done, though in v.19 God's action is still to come.

Psalm 69:18 פְּדֵֽנִי׃ ransom me

Draw near to my soul and redeem me; ransom me because of my foes.

Psalm 71:23 פָּדִֽיתָ׃ you have redeemed

When I sing praise to You my lips will shout for joy, along with my soul, which You have redeemed.

Here: 'You ransomed / you have rescued.' The perfect tense looks at the rescue as done, or as certain. In context the danger is enemies, shame and near-death (vv.10–13, 20), and God has pulled the speaker out of their grip.

Psalm 78:42 פָּדָ֥ם he ransomed them

They did not remember His power—the day He redeemed them from the adversary,

Here: "He ransomed them." This word normally means freeing someone or something held by another, usually by paying for it. Here it means God freed Israel from slavery in Egypt. It is Deuteronomy's standard word for the Exodus.

Psalm 119:134 פְּ֭דֵנִי redeem me

Redeem me from the oppression of man, that I may keep Your precepts.

Psalm 130:8 יִפְדֶּ֣ה he will redeem

And He will redeem Israel from all iniquity.

Here: To get someone out of a state where they are owed, held or bound. The same root as 'redemption' (pədût) in verse 7, so verse 8 spells out what the 'abundant redemption' with the LORD will actually do. The verb form looks forward: a confident 'he will' rather than a vague 'may he'.

Isaiah 1:27 תִּפָּדֶ֑ה it will be redeemed

Zion will be redeemed with justice, her repentant ones with righteousness.

Isaiah 29:22 פָּדָ֖ה he redeemed

Therefore the LORD who redeemed Abraham says of the house of Jacob: “No longer will Jacob be ashamed and no more will his face grow pale.

Here: To free someone from a power or danger that holds them. With God as the one acting, the stress is on the rescue, not on paying a price. It describes a completed act in the past.

Isaiah 35:10 וּפְדוּיֵ֨י and [the] [people] ransomed of

So the redeemed of the LORD will return and enter Zion with singing, crowned with everlasting joy. Gladness and joy will overtake them, and sorrow and sighing will flee.

Here: A passive participle used as a noun: 'people who have been ransomed', that is, released from captivity because someone secured their freedom. It is linked to the next word: they are YHWH's ransomed, so he is the one who freed them. The 'and' carries on from v. 9, so it works like 'so' or 'yes'.

Isaiah 51:11 וּפְדוּיֵ֨י and [the] [people] ransomed of

So the redeemed of the LORD will return and enter Zion with singing, crowned with everlasting joy. Gladness and joy will overtake them, and sorrow and sighing will flee.

Here: A passive participle, 'people who have been ransomed', tied to the next word: 'the LORD's ransomed ones'. Padah means getting someone out of bondage, by paying or by force. Here it means the captives released from exile. The opening 'and' links the verse to the Red Sea memory in v.10.

Jeremiah 15:21 וּפְדִתִ֖יךָ and I will ransom you

I will deliver you from the hand of the wicked and redeem you from the grasp of the ruthless.”

Here: To get someone released from a power that holds them, a word that comes from buying back a person or an animal. With God as the one acting, the stress falls on release from captivity or danger, not on a price paid. The picture is the exodus: God freeing his people from Pharaoh's grip.

Jeremiah 31:11 פָדָ֥ה he has ransomed

For the LORD has ransomed Jacob and redeemed him from the hand that had overpowered him.

Here: To get someone out of bondage or out of a claim held against them. It is the word Deuteronomy uses for God bringing Israel out of Egypt, so it puts the return from exile in the shape of a new Exodus. It is a past-tense form used for something still future, presenting it as already settled (see studies).

Hosea 7:13 אֶפְדֵּ֔ם I will redeem them

Woe to them, for they have strayed from Me! Destruction to them, for they have rebelled against Me! Though I would redeem them, they speak lies against Me.

Here: To set free from bondage or death at a cost, the word used for the Exodus. The verb form can be read as past ('I redeemed'), as willingness ('I would redeem'), or as future ('I will redeem'). See the debates.

Hosea 13:14 אֶפְדֵּ֔ם will I ransom? them

I will ransom them from the power of Sheol; I will redeem them from Death. Where, O Death, are your plagues? Where, O Sheol, is your sting? Compassion is hidden from My eyes.

Here: To buy someone's release from bondage or forfeit. Hebrew needs no question marker, so the verb form can be a statement ('I will') or a question ('Shall I…?'). The exact same form appears in Hosea 7:13: 'I would ransom them, but they speak lies against me.'

Micah 6:4 פְּדִיתִ֑יךָ I ransomed you

For I brought you up from the land of Egypt and redeemed you from the house of slavery. I sent Moses before you, as well as Aaron and Miriam.

Here: "I ransomed you." The word is taken from the world of buying people free: releasing a slave, a captive, or a firstborn by an act that ends another's claim. God is pictured legally freeing Israel from its owner.

Zechariah 10:8 פְדִיתִ֑ים I have redeemed them

I will whistle for them to gather, for I have redeemed them; and they will be as numerous as they once were.

Here: "I have ransomed them." The word means buying or securing someone's release so that they now belong to the one who freed them. The past-tense form presents the release as already done, whether it points back to the Exodus or treats the coming rescue as certain.